Notes on Magnoliaceae III: Magnoliaceae of China

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NOTES ON MAGNOLIACEAE
III: THE MAGNOLIACEAE
OF CHINA 1

Chen Bao Liangf 2 and
Hans f\ Nooteboom 3

Abstract

Five genera of Magnoliaceae occur in China; these and the 81 indigenous and 7 cultivated species they contain
are described here. In Magnolia, 28 wild and 4 cultivated species are recognized. Magnolia nitida van robusta is
newly described, and Magnolia lotungensis is reduced to Magnolia nitida var. lotungensis. In Manglietia, 17
indigenous and 1 cultivated species are recognized. Section Manglietia&trum is transferred from Magnolia to
Manglietia, and Magnolia sinica is renamed Manglietia sinica, Manglietia for rest ii is reduced to Manglietia
fordiana var. for rest \iU Manglietia kwangtungensis is reduced to Manglietia fordiana var. kwangtungensis, and
Manglietia calcarea is reduced to Manglietia fordiana var. calcarea. In Kmeria, one species is recorded for China.
In Michelia, 34 indigenous and 1 cultivated species are recognized. Section Tsoongiodendron, based on Tsoon-
giodendron W. Y, Chun, is recognized with one species, Michelia odora; section Paramichelia, based on Paramichelia
R H. Hu, is recognized with one species in China. Michelia elliptilimba is newly described. Michelia crassipes is
reduced to Michelia figo var, crassipes. In Liriodendron one indigenous and one cultivated species are recognized.
An identification list of all the collections studied, as well as a bibliography of Chinese Magnoliaceae, is given at the
end of the paper.

The first author collected specimens of Mag-
noliaceae over a period of several years in China,
especially in Yunnan. Apart from describing many
new species, he wrote his thesis (in Chinese) on the
Magnoliaceae of China. Because he did not have
the opportunity to study the types in Western
herbaria, or enough collections from southern Asia
outside China, his earlier work could only he pre-
liminary.

The second author published on the generic
delimitation of Magnoliaceae and gave an account
of the genera and species occurring in Malesia
(Nooteboom, 1985, 1987), The present publication
is the result of a joint Dutch-Chinese cooperation
spanning 18 months at the Rijksherbarium at Lei-
den,

Sadly, soon after Chen Bao Liang returned to
China in May 1991, he died from cancer.

Terminology

A few terms are used in this study that are not
familiar to all taxonomists. Pedicle is not a pedicel,
but the intemode, if present, between the upper-
most bract and the perianth. Literally, a brachy-
blast is a short shoot. In Magnoliaceae it means

the shoot that bears the flower: it is terminal in
Magnolieae and axillar in Michelieae, In Magno-
lieae, however, this character is called a peduncle
because often it is longer. Innovations are the youn-
gest parts of the twigs, often including stipules, that
are still growing,

A list (List 1 ) of taxa and keys in the order in which
they appear in the text follows the Bibliography. The
numbering system in the text corresponds to that of List
I, Page 1096.

Magnoliaceae A.L. de Jussieu, (ion. PL 280.
1789 (Magnoliae).

Trees or shrubs, glabrous, or with an indumen-
tum of single hairs. Leaves spirally arranged, sim-
ple, entire or 2-10-lobed, perminerved, evergreen
or deciduous; stipules present, at first enclosing
and protecting the buds, early caducous and leav-
ing an annular scar around the node. Flowers ter-
minal or pseudoaxillary on a short shoot (brachy-
blast) in the axils of the leaves, bisexual, rarely
unisexual, Brachyblast or peduncle bearing 1 or
more caducous spathaceous bracts, which leave
annular scars. The highest bract either directly
below the perianth or a pedicle present between
bract and perianth. Perianth spiral or spirocyclic,

1 We thank the directors and curators of F, K, E, and BM for the opportunity to study their collections and of
the following herbaria for sending collections on loan: A, BM, E, GXMI, IB5C, K, KUN, LEG, MO, NY, P ; PE,
SYS, US, W. We thank the Dutch minister of Science and Education for providing, in the framework of the Chinese-
Dutch Scientific Cooperation, the funds for Chen Bao Liang to spend 18 months in the Netherlands,

- Zhongshan University, Guangzhou, China.

:i Rijksherbarium/Hortus Botanicus, P.O. Box 9514, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands.

Ann, Missouri Bqt. Card. 80: 999-1104. 1993.

1000

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

undifferentiated or differentiated into a (pseudo -)
calyx and corolla, perianth members 6 or more,
free, imbricate. Stamens numerous, free, spirally
arranged; filaments short or ± elongated; anthers
linear, 2-locular dehiscing introrsely, latrorsely, or
rarely extrorsely; connective usually ± produced
into an appendage. Gynoecium sessile or stipitate
(and then a gynophore present); carpels numerous
to few (rarely one), spirally arranged, free or some-
times concrescent; ovules 2 or more, biseriate on
the ventral suture. Fruit apocarpous, sometimes
syncarpous; fruiting carpels (follicles) opening along
the dorsal and /or ventral suture, or circumscissile,
rarely indehiscent. Seeds 1 or more in each fruiting
carpel, large, in dehiscent carpels with arilloid testa
and pendulous from the elongated spiral vessels of
the funiculus (in Liriodendron, with indehiscent
fruits, adherent to the endocarp and not arilloid);
endosperm copious, oily; embryo minute.

Note 1. Nooteboom (1985) provided an in-
troduction to the family with chapters on anatomy,
embryology, phytochernistry, palynology, mor-
phology, and subdivision of the family. Dandy
(1927a) gave an account of the genera, which he
emended in Hutchinson (1964a) and Praglowski
(1974). Praglowski (1974) gave an account of the
pollen. The cultivated species were extensively
treated by Treseder (1978).

Note 2. As in many other families, the delim-
itation of species in Magnoliaeeae is often difficult
because of high variability. Because recently many
more collections, and also types of species that
were described before World War II, became avail-
able, many species could be reduced to synonymy.
It should be kept in mind that even within popu-
lations variability is high. For example, Magnolia
sprengeri Pampanini, when grown from seed, dis-
plays much variability. The beautiful Magnolia
var, diva is vegetatively propagated because the
seedlings often are disappointing, showing a spec-
trum of offspring with not always attractive flowers.
Several botanists would be inclined to describe these
seedlings and their mother tree as many different
species.

Key to the Genera of Maunouaceae

1 . Leaves 2- 10-lobed, the apex truncate or wide-
ly ernarginate; anthers extrorse; fruits sama-
roid, ...,„.„„ V* Liriodendron

1. Leaves entire or occasionally 2-tobed or ernar-

■J

glnate; anthers Introrse or latrorse; follicles

dehiscent or circumscissile, not samaroid 2

2(1). Growth rnonopodial; flowers on brachyhlasts
in the axils of the leaves; gynoecium distinctly
stipitate, IV, Michelia

2. Growth sympodial; flowers terminal on the
twigs. 3

3(2), Flowers unisexual; tepals 6 7, subequal. „„„..„

- — - - ■ III. Kmeria

3. Flowers bisexual or androdioecious; tepals 9

or more, sometimes the outer whorl calyxlike. 4
4(3), Ovules 4 or more in each carpel; the hair base
replaces a normal epidermal cell, so that the
loss of a hair leaves a pore in the cutical
membrane. H. Manglietia

4. Ovules 2 in each carpel (4 in Magnolia ka-
chirachirai, 2-5 in Magnolia cathcartii\
sometimes 4 in the lower carpels; the hair
base consists of at least two epidermal cells,
and a hair does not leave a pore after it is
shed I, Magnolia

MAGNOLIACEAE subfamily
IViAGNOLIOIDEAE

Leaves entire or occasionally 2-lohed at the apex;
stipules free from the petiole or adnate to it. An-
thers introrse or latrorse. Follicles longitudinally
dehiscent or circumscissile and then at least the
base remaining adnate to the torus, free or con-
crescent into a synearp. Testa free from the en-
docarp, externally arilloid.

Tribes

Tribe Magnolieae

Growth sympodial (flowers terminal on the twigs).
Follicles free or concrescent. Genera: Magnolia,
Manglietia, and Kmeria.

Tribe M ichelieae Law Yuh-wu, Acta Phytotax.
Sinica 22: 106. 1984.

Growth rnonopodial (flowers arising on hrachy-
blasts in the axils of the leaves). Genera: Elmer-
rillia Dandy, with four species in Malesia, none in
China, and Michelia L. (See page 1052.)

TRIBE MAGNOLIEAE

L Magnolia L,, Sp, PL 535. 1753. type species:
Magnolia virgin ian a L. (eastern United
States).

Talauma Juss M Gen. PL 281, 1789. Magnolia sect,
Talauma Baill., Adansonia 7: 3, 66. 1866. Mag-
nolia subg. Talauma Pierre, FL For. Cochinch. 1:
sub t, 1. 1880, TYPE SPECIES: Talauma plumierii
(Schwartz) A. DC, (Magnolia plumierii Schwartz).

Aromadendron Blame, Bijdr.: 10. 1825, Talauma sect,
Aromadendron Miq,, Ann. Mus. Bot. Lugd.-Bat, 4:
70. TYPE SPECIES: Aromadendron elegans Blume =
Magnolia elegans (Blume) H, Keng.

Blumia Nees, Flora 8: 152. 1828 nom. rejec, non Blu-
rnea DC, nom. cons. Magnolia sect. Blumia (Nees)
Baill. , Adansonia 7: 2, 1866. type species: Talauma

Volume 80, Number 4
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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1001

candollii Blume = Magnolia candollii (Blume) H.
Keng.

Yulania Spach, Hist. Natur. Veget., Phanerog. 7: 462.
1839, TYPb: SPECIES: Yulania conspicua Spach =
Magnolia heptapeta (Buchoz) Dandy.

Tulipastrum Spach, Hist. Natur. Veget., Phanerog. 7:
481. 1839. TYPE species: Magnolia acuminata L,

Lirianthe Spach, Hist. Natur. Veget, Phanerog, 7: 485.
1839. TYPE species: Lirianthe grandiflora Spach
= Magnolia pterocarpa Roxb.

Buergeria Siebold & Zucc, Abh. Math.-Phys. CI. Kon.
Bayer. Ak. Wiss. 4, 2: 186. 1846. type species:
Buergeria stellata Siebold & Zucc. = Magnolia
stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Maxim.

Alcimandra Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927: 260, 1927. TYPE
species: Alcimandra cathcartii (Hook, f. & Thom-
son) Dandy — Magnolia cathcartii (Hook f. &
Thomson) Noot.

Svenhedinia Urban, Repert, Spec. Nov, Regni Veg. 24:
3, 1927. TYPE SPECIES: Svenhedinia minor (Urban)
Urban (Talauma minor Urban).

Parakmeria Hu & Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1(2): 1.
1951. TYPE SPECIES: Parakmeria omeiensis Hu &
Cheng (— Magnolia omeiensis (Hu & Cheng) Dan-
dy).

Micheliopsis H. Keng, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 8: 207,
t. 345. 1955. type SPECIES: Micheliopsis kachira-
chirai (Kaneh. & Yamam.) H. Keng = Magnolia
kachirachirai (Kaneh. & Yamam.) Dandy.

Dugandiodendron Lozano-Contreras, Caldasia 11: 33.
1975, TYPE SPECIES: Dugandiodendron mahechae
Lozano.

Trees or shrubs, stipules adnate to or free from
the petiole. Flowers terminal, solitary, bisexual.
Tepals 9-21, 3-5-merous, subequal or more rarely
the outer whorl forming a calyx. Anthers introrse
to latrorse; connective produced into a longer or
shorter appendage or rarely unappendaged. Gy-
noecium sessile or in some species stipitate; carpels
many to few, usually free but not connate in Mag-
aolia subg. Talauma, in young fruits of Magnolia
sect. Gynopodium, and in some other species. Fol-
licles free, crowded, dehiscent along the dorsal
suture; in Magnolia subg. Talauma the basal parts
of the mature carpels staying adnate to the torus,
the apical parts falling and thus exposing the seeds
which hang from the lengthened funiculus, some-
times the apical parts during or before falling dor-
sally dehiscing; in some species of Magnolia sect.
Gynopodium the carpels are connate but tear apart
when maturing and dehisce dorsally. Ovules gen*
erally two in each carpel, rarely 3 or 4 in the lower
carpels, in a few species to 4 or 5 in all carpels.
Ripe seeds often hanging from the funicles, which
lengthen through uncoiling of the spiral vessels.

Distribution. About 120 species, of which ca. one-
third grow in the New World from southeastern North
America to southern Brazil and the West Indies, the
remainder in temperate and tropical Southeast Asia from
the Himalayas to China, Japan, and Malesia.

Key to the Subgenera and
Sections of Magnolia

1 . Fruits at least finally consisting of free follicles,
which dehisce along the dorsal suture; stipules
free from the petiole or connate to it; anthers
introrse, sublatrorse or latrorse; plant ever-
green or deciduous; midrib of leaves usually
impressed, rarely prominent above 2

L Fruits with connate carpels, when mature the
apical parts of them circumscissile and falling,
dehiscing along the dorsal suture, the basal
parts remaining attached to the torus; stipules
adnate to the petiole up to its apex; anthers
introrse; plant evergreen; midrib of leaves
prominent for the whole length (in the absence
of fruits this section cannot be distinguished

from section Gwillimia).

Ic. Subgenus Talauma 1. Section Blumiana

2(1). Anthers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally;
flowers precocious and/or with a much re-
duced calyxlike outer whorl of tepals; plant
deciduous; fruit cylindric or oblong, usually ±
distorted. lb. Subgenus Yulania 3

2. Anthers dehiscing introrsely; flowers neither
precocious nor with a much reduced (calyx-
like) outer whorl of tepals; plant evergreen or
deciduous. la. Subgenus Magnolia 5

3(2). Tepals subequal; flowers appearing before the

leaves, w r hite to rose or purple

lb- 1 * Section Yulania

3. Tepals very unequal, those of the outer whorl
forming a calyx; flowers appearing before, to-
gether, or after the leaves. . .... 4

4(3). Flowers appearing before the leaves; inner
(large) tepals white, sometimes tinged with rose
or purple. lb- 2. Section Buergeria

4. Flowers appearing together or after the leaves;
inner tepals purple or green to yellow, _

Ib-3. Section Tulipastrum

5(2). Stipules adnate to the petiole, leaving a scar
on its surface; plants evergreen or deciduous;
gynoecium sessile. ..„-..-... 6

5. Stipules free from the petiole, the latter un-
scarred; plants evergreen; gynoecium stipi-
tate. — - ■

6(5). Plants evergreen; flower buds at first enclosed
in one or more spathaceous bracts, which leave

as many annular scars on the peduncle.

la- 1 . Section Gwillimia

6. Plants deciduous; flower buds at first enclosed
in a single spathaceous bract, which leaves a
single annular scar on the peduncle. „ 7

7(6). Leaves crowded into false whorls at the ends
of the twigs, usually large or very large; con-
nective of anthers produced into a short or
long appendage. , Ia-2. Section Rytidospermum

7. Leaves not crowded into false whorls at the
end of the twigs; connective of anthers not
produced into an appendage, blunt or retuse,

Ia-3 . Section Oyama

8(5). Carpels usually with 2-5 ovules; flowers bi-
sexual; fruits cylindrical, 1-4 seeds in each
follicle; stamens with short filament and very
long anther, hiding the gynoecium; at least
twigs hairy Ia-5. Section Alcimandra

8. Carpels usually with 2 ovules, rarely with 4;

1002

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

flowers androdioecious; plant entirely gla-
brous; anthers much shorter. ...„„..

- Ia-4. Section Gynopodium

Kly to the Species of Magnolia
(primarily based on floral characters)

1 . Leaves crowded at the end of the branchlets

in false whorls, glaucous beneath. 2

1. Leaves evenly distributed. 3

2(1). Twigs and stipules glabrous; young leaves

with rather long, crisped brown hairs be-
neath, base rounded, apex mucronate; ped-
icle 1 3 mm; outer tepals oblong-elliptic; in-
ner tepals 11-13 cm long; stamens 14-17

mm long; gynoecium cylindric.

„„„. ..„„. 9. Magnolia rostrata

2. Twigs and stipules hairy; leaves scattered,
colorless hairy beneath, base cuneate, apex
rounded or acute; pedicle 2-6 mm; outer
tepals obovate; inner tepals 8-10 cm long;
stamens 30-40 mm long; gynoecium ovoid.
8. Magnolia officinalis

3(1). Anthers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally, 4

3. Anthers dehiscing introrsely 13

4(3). Tepals very unequal, outer Tepals 0.8 2.7

cm long. r 5

4. Tepals subequal, outer tepals 5-14 cm long. 7
5(4). Inner tepals 4-5 cm long; tree to 12 m

high; outer tepals 8-11 mm,

_ 25. Magnolia biondii

5. Inner tepals 5,5 10 cm long; shrub or tree-
let to 3-10 m high; outer tepals 10-27
mm. „_ ,.... , 6

6(5). Leaves glabrous to pubescent with long,
undulate, colorless hairs beneath; leaf base
attenuate-cuneate; flowers appearing to-
gether or after the leaves, purple or red;
filaments 2 mm long; peduncle 6-8 mm
thick , „. 29. Magnolia qitinqurpeia

6. Leaves with fine, straight, colorless hairs
beneath; leaf base cuneate or narrowly cu-
neate; flowers appearing before the leaves,
white; filaments 3 mm long; peduncle 4-5

mm thick. , 26- Magnolia cylindrica

7(4). Gynoecium 8-15 mm high 8

7. Gynoecium 20-40 mm high. .„ 9

8(7). Twigs yellow-, black*, or gray-brown; leaves

not glaucous beneath, reticulation coarse;

flower purple or red, __

...„.„ 22, Magnolia sargentiana

8. Twigs yellowish to green turning reddish
brown; leaves glaucous beneath, reticula-
tion fine; flower white, ... „._ ,..

..... 20, Magnolia dawsoniana

9(7). Peduncle 24-30 x 7-10 mm

. 1 9, Magnolia vamphellii

9. Peduncle 2-20 mm long 10

10(9), Twigs hairy at least when young

..— 21. Magnolia heptapeia

10. Twigs glabrous, _._. _ 11

11(10), Stamens 9-10 mm long; leaf apex acu-
minate or acute 18. Magnolia amoena

1 1. Stamens 15-17 mm long; leaf apex round-
ed or short -acuminate. 12

1 2( 1 1 ). Filaments 4 mm long; shrub to 7 m high;

terminal winter buds long-hairy, sericeous;
nerves in 8 12 pairs; leaf base broadly
cuneate or rounded; flowers appearing be-
fore the leaves, purple or red.

12. Filaments 5-7 mm long; tree up to 20 m
high; terminal winter buds densely villous;
nerves in 6-8 pairs; leaf base cuneate or
narrowly cuneate; flowers appearing to-
gether or after the leaves, white .....

, 23. Magnolia spr eager i

13(3), Stipules free; gynoecium stipitate, ._ 14

13. Stipules adnate to petiole; gynoecium not
stipitate. 20

14(13), Gynoecium exserted from stamens, _ , , 15

14. Gynoecium entirely hidden within androe-
cium. 17

15(14). Peduncle 3-4 mm thick; leaves elliptic or

obovate, base cuneate. _

14. Magnolia kachirachirai

15. Peduncle 5-6 mm thick; leaves ovate or
narrowly elliptic, base broadly cuneate, nar-
rowly cuneate, or rounded 16

16(15), Midrib of leaf not prominent above; leaves
narrowly elliptic, base narrowly cuneate;
connective appendage 1.5 mm long; fila-
ments 7 mm; outer tepals oblong. ...

16. Magnolia omeiensis

16. Midrib of leaf prominent above, at least
toward base; leaves ovate, base broadly cu-
neate or rounded; connective appendage 2-
4 mm long; filaments 1-3 mm; outer tepals
obovate or spathulate.

—.».. 15a. Magnolia nitida var. nitida

17(15), Outer tepals 5.5-6 cm long; plant hairy at
least in innovations; twigs hairy at least
when young; stipules pubescent; leaf base
broadly cuneate or rounded, reticulation of
leaf fine; petiole hairy; peduncle 2 mm thick;
inner tepals 5,5 cm long, 25 mm broad, .
~ 17. Magnolia cat heart ii

17. Outer tepals 2.5-3.8 cm long; plant en-
tirely glabrous; leaf base cuneate or nar-
rowly cuneate, reticulation of leaf coarse;
peduncle 5-9 mm thick; inner tepals 2.2-

4,2 cm long, 1.2-18 mm broad, _ 18

18(17). Outer tepals 3.8 cm long; leaf base nar-
rowly cuneate, midrib not prominent above;
outer tepals oblong; inner tepals 3.5-4.2
cm long, 16. Magnolia omeiensis

18. Outer tepals 2,5-3 cm long; leaf base cu-
neate, midrib prominent above, at least to-
ward base; outer tepals ovate; inner tepals
2.2-3 cm long, „. .___ „ 19

19(18). Nerves in 8-15 pairs; reticulation distinct;
connective appendage 0.5 mm long; gy-
noecium narrowly ovoid; scars of perianth
and stamens along torus under fruit 6-7
mm long; fruiting twigs ca, 8 mm thick. .
15c, Magnolia nitida var, robust a

19. Nerves in 9-13 pairs; reticulation rather
obscure; connective appendage 2-4 mm
long; gynoecium ovoid; scars of perianth
and stamens along torus under fruit 2-4

mm long; fruiting twigs 4-6 mm thick.

15b. Magnolia nitida var. lotungensU

20(13). Gynoecium hairy; reticulation fine. 21

Volume 80, Number 4
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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1003

22(21).

23(20).

24

24(23),

24.
25(24),

20. Gynoecium glabrous; reticulation coarse. 23
21(20), Carpels 55-64; twigs densely appressed,

yellow, woolly; leaf base acute to rounded,

rarely cordate; gynoecium ovoid.

4. Magnolia delavayi

21. Carpels 15-24; twigs pubescent or silky;
leaf base broadly to narrowly cuneate; gy-
noecium narrowly ovoid or ellipsoid. ., 22

Leaves not glaucous beneath; twigs color-
less to yellowish pubescent; peduncle slen-
der: connective appendage triangular; gy-
noecium ellipsoid; follicles glabrous

. 2. Magnolia championii

22. Leaves glaucous beneath; twigs silky; pe-
duncle stout; connective appendage short-
pointed; gynoecium narrowly ovoid; follicles

hairy. ... 1. Magnolia alhosericea

Peduncle hairy; plant deciduous; connec-
tive of anther not produced into an ap-
pendage, retuse or blunt

23. Peduncle glabrous; plant evergreen; con-
nective produced into a short or long ap-
pendage. .. 27

Gynoecium 23-25 mm high.

10, Magnolia globosa

Gynoecium 13-20 mm high. 25

Leaves not glaucous beneath; leaf apex
rounded or mucronate; pedicle 13-17 mm;
inner tepals ovate. 12. Magnolia sinensis

25, Leaves glaucous beneath; leaf apex acu-
minate or acute; pedicle 2-7 or 8-15 mm;
inner tepals obovate, spathulate, or oblong.

26(25). Leaves ovate or narrowly ovate; twigs vit*
lous; stipules silky; reticulation coarse but
distinct; outer tepals elliptic; filaments 2
mm long; gynoecium ovoid or cylindric;

fruiting peduncles 3-4.5 cm long

.„ 13, Magnolia wilsonii

26, Leaves obovate; twigs pubescent; stipules
pubescent or sparsely hairy; reticulation
rather obscure; outer tepals obovate; fila-
ments 3 mm long; gynoecium ellipsoid;
fruiting peduncles 6.2-7 cm long.

1 1 . Magnolia sieboldii

27(23). Leaves 2,5-5 cm broad, midrib not prom-
inent above; petiole 5-15 mm; peduncle
14-20 mm long. 3, Magnolia coco

27, Leaves 8-22 cm broad; midrib prominent
above at least toward base; petiole 25-1 10

mm; peduncle 23-120 mm long. 28

Plant hairy at least in innovations. „_... 29

Plant glabrous „ 30

Pedicle absent; connective appendage 3 mm
long; filaments 3 mm long; gynoecium el-
lipsoid; fruits with connate carpels, when
mature the apical parts of the carpels cir-
cumscissile and falling, dehiscing along the
dorsal suture or not, the basal parts re-
maining adnate to the torus; fruits ellipsoid.
30, Magnolia candollii var. obovata

29. Pedicle present; connective appendage 1
mm long; filaments 1-2 mm long; gynoe-
cium narrowly ovoid; fruits ovoid to ovoid-
cylindric, at least finally consisting of free
carpels which dehisce along the dorsal su-
ture. ....,., 5. Magnolia henryi

30(28). Peduncle 5-13 mm thick; tree to 25 m

28(27).

28.

29(28).

30.

high; leaf apex rounded or short-acuminate;
outer tepals thick-fleshy; gynoecium ellip-
soid, 30, Magnolia candollii var. obovata

Peduncle 4 mm thick; shrub to 3 m high;
leaf apex acuminate; outer tepals thin-co-
riaceous; gynoecium narrowly ovoid.

6. Magnolia phanerophlebia

3(1).
3.

4(3).
4,

26 5(4)

Key to the Species of Magnolia

(primarily based on fruit characters)

1. Fruits with connate carpels, when mature
the apical parts of the carpels circumscissile
and falling, dehiscing along the dorsal su-
ture or not, the basal parts remaining ad-
nate to the torus. „ 2

1. Fruits at least finally consisting of free car-
pels which dehisce along the dorsal suture, 3

2(1), Tree to 25 m high; apex of leaf rounded
or short-acuminate; peduncle 5-13 mm
thick. 30. Magnolia candollii var. obovata

2. Shrub or treelet to 3 in high; apex of leaf
acuminate; peduncle 4 mm thick (fruits not

known). 6, Magnolia phanerophlebia

Stipules free; gynoecium stipitate. 4

Stipules adnate to petiole; gynoecium not

stipitate, 10

Midrib of leaf not prominent above. 5

Midrib of leaf, at least toward base, promi-
nent above. 7

Twigs hairy at least when young; stipules
pubescent: base of leaf broadly cuneate or
rounded, apex acuminate, reticulation dis-
tinct, fine, petiole hairy. M

_ 17. Magnolia cat heart ii

5, Twigs and stipules glabrous; base of leaf
cuneate or narrowly cuneate, apex short -
acuminate or acute, reticulation rather ob-
scure, coarse, petiole glabrous, 6

6(5). Leaves narrowly elliptic, base narrowly cu-
neate (fruits not known). „„„,

16. Magnolia omeiensis

6, Leaves elliptic or obovate, base cuneate. .

14. Magnolia kachirachirai

7(4). Leaves ovate. 8

7, Leaves elliptic or narrowly elliptic. 9

8(7), Leaves 7-16.5 cm long, reticulation dis-
tinct, base cuneate, apex rounded, acumi-
nate, or acute, petiole 16-47 mm; fruiting

twigs ca, 8 mm thick,

15c. Magnolia nitida var. rohusta

8, Leaves 6-12(-14) cm long, reticulation
rather obscure, base broadly cuneate or
rounded, apex short-acuminate, petiole 15-
25 mm; fruiting twigs 5-6(-8) mm thick.

„.. ,., 15a, Magnolia nitida var. nitida

9(7). Fruiting twigs ca. 8 mm thick; leaves 7-
16.5 cm long, reticulation distinct, petiole
16-47 mm; scars of perianth and stamens

along torus under fruit 6-7 mm long

„ 15c. Magnolia nitida var. robusta

9, Fruiting twigs 4-5(-6) ram thick; leaves
6-11 cm long, reticulation rather obscure,
petiole 15-20 mm; scars of perianth and
stamens along torus under fruit 2-4 mm
long. 15b, Magnolia nitida var. lotungensis

1004

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

14(12).

14.

15(14).

15.

16(15).

17(15).

24.

25(22).

10(3). Leaves crowded in false whorls terminal on 21(20).

the branchlets. 1 1

10, Leaves evenly distributed. 12

11(10). Twigs glabrous; stipules glabrous; young

leaves beneath with brown hairs, base

rounded, apex mueronate; pedicle 13 mm;

fruit cylindric, 12-20.5 cm long, follicles 21.

with a beak of 6-8 mm.

9. Magnolia rosirata

1 1 . Twigs hairy at least when young; stipules

sparsely hairy; young leaves beneath with 22(20),

colorless hairs, base cuneate, apex rounded 22.

or acute; pedicle 2-6 mm; fruit usually 23(22).

oblong-ovoid, 8-16 cm long, follicles with

a beak of 1-3 mm. 8, Magnolia officinalis

12(10). Follicles hairy 13 23.

12. Follicles glabrous. . 14

13(12). Twigs, stipules, and leaves glabrous, leaves 24(23)

not glaucous beneath, midrib at least toward
base prominent above, reticulation coarse,
petiole dilated at base; peduncle glabrous,
25 mm long, 4 mm thick; carpels 1 1 (fruits
not known), 6. Magnolia phanerophlebia

13. Twigs hairy at least when young; stipules
silky; leaves hairy beneath at least when
young, glaucous beneath, midrib not prom-
inent above, reticulation fine, petiole hairy,
not dilated at base; peduncle hairy, 15 mm

long, 6 nun thick; carpels 22.

„ „„ 1 . Magnolia albosericea

Leaves glaucous beneath 15

Leaves not glaucous beneath. „ 19

Fruiting peduncles 6.2-7 cm long. 16

Fruiting peduncles 1-4.5 cm long. 17

Leaves elliptic or ovate, reticulation dis-
tinct; nerves in 8-11 pairs; stipules yellow-
ish silky or brown-villous; fruits 2.5-9 x
2-2.5 cm. 10. Magnolia globosa

16. Leaves obovate, reticulation rather ob-
scured; nerves in 6-8 pairs; stipules pu-
bescent or sparsely hairy; fruits 3 4 x

1.2-1.7 cm 11. Magnolia sieboldii

Fruiting peduncles 2-3 mm thick; stipules
silky, reticulation of leaf coarse; stipular

scars on petiole 10-25 mm long.

,.,..,.. , 1 3, Magnolia wilsonii

17. Fruiting peduncles 8-10 mm thick; stipules
woolly, pubescent, or villous, reticulation of
leaf fine, stipular scars 3-65(-85) mm long. 18

18(17). Evergreen tree; twigs and stipules densely
appressed-woolly with yellowish hairs; pairs
of lateral nerves of leaf 11-1 6(-2 1 ), petiole
45 65( 85) rum with stipular sear 10

65(-85) mm long; fruits ovoid.

4. Magnolia delavayi

18. Deciduous tree; twigs glabrous to sparsely
pubescenl: stipules pubescent, pairs of lat-
eral nerves of leaf 8-10, petiole 15-30
mm with stipular scar 3-4 mm long; fruits
cylindric. .,„... .,.. 20. Magnolia dawsoniana

19(14). Fruiting peduncles 2,5-9.5 cm long. 20

19. Fruiting peduncles 1-2 cm long 27 31.

20(19). Leaves 26-38(-65) cm long, midrib prom-
inent above, at least toward base. „ „„„ 21

20. Leaves 7-23 cm long, midrib not promi-
nent above .„„„„. ...„. ,.,... 22

25.

26(25).

26

27(19).

28(27).

28,

29(28).

29.

30(29).

30.

31(30).

Tree to 20 m high; plant hairy at least in
innovations; stipules pubescent, stipular
scars 55-1 10 mm long; apex of leaf round-
ed or acute; peduncle 6 10 mm thick; fruits
ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, 7.5-14.5 x 3.5

cm. 5. Magnolia henryi

Shrub to 3 m high; plant entirely glabrous;
stipular scars 7-25 mm long, apex of leaf
acuminate; peduncle 4 mm thick (fruits not

known). 6, Magnolia phanerophlebia

Peduncle 21-65 mm long, 23

Peduncle 2-20 mm long. „. 25

Shrub or tree to 5 m high; stipular scars
20-30 mm long; fruiting peduncles slender.

12, Magnolia sinensis

Tree to 20-30 m high; stipular scars 2-7

mm long; fruiting peduncles stout. 24

Twigs yellow-brown or black-brown to gray-
brown, glabrous; petiole glabrous, stipular
scars 2-5 mm long; fruits 3-20.5 cm long;
flower purple or red; gynoeciuni 8-12 mm

high, 22. Magnolia sargentiana

Twigs purple-brown, sometimes brown to
gray w f hen dry, glabrous or pubescent; pet*
iole glabrous or yellowish pubescent, stip-
ular scars 3-7(- 11) mm long; fruits 8.5
1 7 cm long; flower pink or white; gynoe-

cium 25-40 mm high.

1 9. Magnolia camphellii

Plant an entirely glabrous evergreen shrub,
leaf apex acuminate; fruit ca. 3 cm long.

„.„.„ 3 . Magnolia coco

Plant hairy at least in innovations, a decid-
uous tree, leaf apex rounded, short-acu-
minate, or acute; fruit 3 20,5 cm long. 26

Treelet to 7 m high; petiole hairy; leaf apex
short-acuminate; peduncle 2 8 mm long.

24, Magnolia zenii

Tree to 20 m high; petiole glabrous; leaf
apex rounded or acute; peduncle under fruit
20-35 mm long, .22. Magnolia sargentiana

Twigs hairy at least when young. 28

Twigs glabrous, 33

Evergreen tree; fruits ovoid-elliptic; hairs

colorless or yellowish. _

.„.._„ 2. Magnolia championii

Deciduous tree; fruits cylindric, hairs col-
orless 29

Leaves appressed-pubescent with fine, short,

straight hairs. 26. Magnolia cylindrica

Young leaves different hairy beneath, 30

Leaves obovate. _„.. 3 1

Leaves elliptic, ovate, narrowly elliptic, or

narrowly obovate .... _ „ ..„ 32

Shrub to 3.5 m high; twigs 2-4 mm diam.,
glabrous or sometimes hairy on a few nodes
near the peduncles; leaf base attenuate-
cuneate, apex acuminate or acute; fruits

3-6,5 x 1-2 cm.

„.. 29. Magnolia nuinquepeia

Tree to 20 m high; twigs 3-7 mm diam.,
finely appressed- pubescent when young; leaf
base cuneate or rounded, apex short -acu-
minate; fruits 7.5-15 x 2*5-5 cm

21, Magnolia heptapeta

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1005

33(27).

33.
34(33).

34.

35(34).

35.

36(35).

37(35).

37.

38(37).

32(30). Shrub to 3.5 m high; leaves elliptic, base
attenuate-cuneate; fruits 3-6.5 cm long.
29. Magnolia quinquepeta

32. Tree to 12 m high; leaves ovate, narrowly

elliptic, or narrowly obovate, base cuneate
or rounded; fruits 6-14.5 cm long.

- - 25. Magnolia biondii

Leaves 31-36 x 9.5-17 cm.

6. Magnolia phanrrophlchia

Leaves 6-21.7 cm lone. .. 34

Plant evergreen, entirely glabrous ...

... - 3 . Magnolia coco

Plant deciduous, hairy at least in innova-
tions. , , 35

Leaf apex rounded or short-acuminate. 36

Leaf apex acuminate or acute. 37

Treelet to 7 m high; leaf base broadly cu-
neate or rounded; nerves in 8-12 pairs;
petiole 6-15 mm; fruits 5-20 cm long;
Bowers appearing before the leaves.

24. Magnolia zenii

Tree to 20 m high; nerves in 6-8 pairs;
leaf base (narrowly) cuneate; petiole 10-
35 mm; fruits 6-10 cm long; flowers ap-
pearing together or after the leaves*

- 23, Magnolia sprengeri

Fruiting peduncles 4,1-6 mm thick. 38

Fruiting peduncles 3-4 mm thick, 39

Shrub to 3,5 m high; leaves elliptic or ob-
ovate, base attenuate-cuneate; stipular scars
the entire length of the petiole; fruits 3-
6,5 cm long; flowers appearing together or
after the leaves. ..., 29. Magnolia quinquepeta

38. Tree to 12 m high; leaves ovate, narrowly
elliptic, or narrowly obovate, base cuneate
or rounded; stipular scar only at the base
of the petiole; fruits 6-14.5 cm long; flow-
ers appearing before the leaves.

_„.,„ 25 . Magnolia biondii

39(37). Shrub to 3 m high; stipular scars as long
as petiole, 3-15 mm long; leaf with 8 10
pairs of lateral nerves, base attenuate-cu-
neate; flowers appearing together or after
the leaves. 29. Magnolia tpumpiepeta

39. Tree to 12 m high; stipular scars adnate
to base of petiole, 1-3 mm long; leaf with
10-13 pairs of lateral nerves, base cuneate,
somewhat oblique; flowers appearing lie fore

the leaves 18. Magnolia amoena

la. Magnolia subgenus Magnolia

Anthers dehiscing introrsely. Flowers neither
precocious nor with a much reduced (calyxlike)
outer whorl of tepals, Leaves evergreen or decid-
uous,

la- 1, Magnolia section Gwillimia A. DC, Syst,

Nat, 1: 455, 548, 1817. typk spetjes: Mag-
nolia coco (Lour,) DC.

Evergreen shrub or tree. Stipules adnate to pet-
iole to its apex. Leaves evenly distributed; midrib
prominent above, at least toward base, or not prom-

inent above, Flowers bisexual; tepals subequal. Out-
er tepals coriaceous; connective produced into a
short or long appendage; anthers dehiscing in-
trorsely, Gynoecium not stipitate. Number of ovules
per carpel 2 y sometimes 4 in the lower carpels.
Scars of bracts 1 -4. Fruits at least finally consisting
of free follicles, which dehisce along the dorsal
suture; follicles short-beaked, beak not dorsally flat-
tened.

kKY to the Species of Magnolia
Section Gwillimia

L Gynoecium hairy; reticulation of leaf fine, 2

1 . (iynoeciuin glabrous; reticulation of leaf coarse, 4
2{1). Leaves not glaucous beneath; twigs colorless

to yellowish pubescent; peduncle slender; gy-
noecium ellipsoid „ 2. Magnolia championii

2. Leaves glaucous beneath; twigs white silky or
yellowish woolly; peduncle stout; gynoecium
ovoid or narrowly ovoid 3

3(2). Petiole 4-8.5 cm long; carpels 55-64; twigs
and stipules yellowish woolly; leaf base acute
to cordate, apex acute; outer tepals oblong;
connective appendage of anthers triangular;
gynoecium ovoid, fruits ovoid, follicles gla-
brous. 4. Magnolia delavayi

3. Petiole 1-3,5 cm long; carpels ca. 22; twigs
and stipules silky; leaf base cuneate or nar-
rowly cuneate, apex acuminate; outer tepals
elliptic; connective appendage of anthers short
pointed; gynoecium narrowly ovoid; fruits ob-
ovoid or ellipsoid; follicles hairy. „, .,

.„„,„ 1 . Magnolia albosericca

4(1 ). Leaves 10-17 cm long, 2.5 5 cm broad, mid-
rib not prominent above, pairs of lateral nerves
8-10; petiole 5-15 mm; peduncle 14-20 mm
long; gynoecium ellipsoid. 3. Magnolia coco

4. Leaves 26-38 cm long, 8-17 cm broad, mid-
rib prominent above, at least toward Iklm\
pairs of lateral nerves 13-20; petiole 30- 110
mm; peduncle 23-50 mm long; gynoecium
narrowly ovoid, .... 5

5(4). Peduncle 6-10 mm thick; tree to 20 m high,
hairy at least in innovations; stipules pubes*
cent; apex of leaf rounded or acute; stipular
scars 55-110 mm long. 5. Magnolia henryi

5. Peduncle 4 mm thick; shrub to 3 m high,
entirely glabrous, apex of leaf acuminate, stip-
ular scars 7-25 mm long ._

6, Magnolia phanerophlebia

1 . Magnolia albosericea Chun & C, II, Tsoong.

Acta Phytotax. Sin. 9(2): 117. 1964. type:
China, Hainan: Poting, F. C. How 72740
(holotype, IBSC; isotype, A).

Kvergreen treelet to 8 in high; bark gray; young
twigs, stipules, leaves beneath, midrib both sides,
petioles, bracts, peduncles, and tepals outside white-
sericeous, glabrescent; gynoecium yellow pubes-
cent; young twigs ca. 4 mm diam. Stipules adnate

1006

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

to the petiole, stipular scars nearly to the base of
the blades, 9-34 mm long. Leaves coriaceous, dark
green above, glaucous below, elliptic, narrowly el-
liptic or narrowly obovate-elliptic, 18-30(-40) x
6-9(-15) cm; apex acuminate, base cuneate to
narrowly cuneate; midrib impressed above, prom-
inent beneath; nerves fine, prominent below, in 15-
20 pairs* reticulations finely netted, visible on both
sides, Petiole 1-3.5 cm long. Peduncle ca. 1.5 x
0.6 cm, Tepals 9, the outer 3 long-elliptic, green-
ish, white sericeous outside at the midrib and the
base, 4.5-5.5 x 1.3-2.5 cm, the inner tepals 6,
very unequal, the innermost ones smaller than the
others, spathulate-elliptic to broadly obovate, usu-
ally constricted basally into a short claw, 3-6.2 x
1.8-3,4 cm; stamens ca. 120, 1,5-2 cm long,
anthers introrsely dehiscing, 6-8 nun long, con-
nective appendage short-acute; gynoecium narrow-
ly ovoid* ca. 20 mm high, carpels ca. 22, 8-13
mm long. Fruits ellipsoid to obovoid, 7-10 x 4
5 cm; mature carpels coriaceous, narrowly elliptic,
brownish pubescent with short hairs and incon-
spicuously papillate, 2 2.5 cm long, beak re-
curved, 5-7 mm long, Seeds 14 x 6 mm.

Distribution. China and Vietnam. In CHINA: Hai-
nan, Baoting, Lingshui: Feng KM, 72059; Zheng
P. 12506; How FC 72059; 72740.

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forests
along streams. Altitude: 500 800 in. Flowering
April-May, fruiting August-September.

Collector's notes. Bark gray; leaves deep
green, lustrous above, glaucous, green beneath;
fruits green.

Notes. This species was treated as Magnolia
fistulosa (Finet & Gagnep.) Dandy in W. Y. Chun
(1963) and as Magnolia ckampacifolia Dandy ex
Gagnep., nomen nudum, in Humbert (1938).

2. Magnolia championii Benth., Fl. Hong
kong: 8. 1861. Magnolia punt i la var. cham-
pion it Finet & Gagnep., Bull. Soc, Bot. France
(Memoires) 4: 36, 1905. Magnolia lilifera
var. championii Pamp,, Bull. Soc. Tosc. Or-
tic. 4(1): 136. 1916. TYPE: Champion 37
(holotype, K).

Magnolia fistulosa (Finet & Gagnep.) Dandy, Notes Roy.

Hoi. (lard. Edinburgh 16: 124, 1928. Talauma

fistulosa Finet & Gagnep., Bull, Soc, Bot. France

(Memoires) 4: 31, t. 4b. 1905. type: Bon 3176

(leetotype, selected here, P),
Magnolia paene talauma Dandy, J. Bot, 68, 206: 1930.

TYPt:; Tsang & Fung 538 in Herb. Lingn. Univ.

1 8072 (holotype, BM; isotypes, K, 1HSC, NY).
Magnolia talaumoides Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 208. 1930.

TYPE: Poilane 6370 (holotype, P).

Magnolia tenuicarpelia Chang, Acta 5ci, Nat. Univ.

Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 1: 54. 1961. type: Mc~

Clare 20099 (holotype, SYS).
Magnolia odoratissima Law & R. Z. Zhou, Bull. Bot

Res. (China), 6, 2: 139. 1986, TYPt:: K Z. Zhou

0054 (holotype, IBSC).

Evergreen shrub or small tree to 11 m high;
young twigs 3-5 mm diam., yellow-green, brown
when dry, smooth, at first colorless to yellowish
appressed -pubescent, finally glabrescent, or gla-
brous. Stipules urinate to the petiole, stipular scars
to halfway to whole length of the petiole, 3-30
mm long. Leaves dark bright green, olive-green,
to brown when dry, glabrous or pubescent with
scattered hairs that are too minute to be visible 1
above, somewhat pale green, glabrous or pubescent
with long, straight, white, yellowish to brownish
hairs, especially on the midrib and nerves beneath,
thinly coriaceous to coriaceous, elliptic, narrowly
obovate-elliptic to obovate, 8-17.5(-30) x 3.5-
7( 10.5) cm; apex acute or acuminate to cuspidate
with a 1 .5-2.5-cm-long tip, base narrowly to broadly
cuneate; midrib impressed above, nerves fine,
prominent below when dry* in 8-14(-16) pairs,
straight, anastomosing and meeting in a looped
intramarginal vein at some distance from the mar-
gin, reticulations densely netted, visible on both
sides. Petiole pubescent or glabrous, erect to slight-
ly recurved, 6-30 mm long. Peduncles glabrous
or yellowish pubescent, erect or slightly curved,
l-2(-4) x 0.3-0.5 cm, pedicles 3-4 mm long;
bracts 2-3, white or yellowish pubescent outside.
Flowers heavily fragrant; tepals 9, the outer 3
thinly coriaceous, greenish, oblong-elliptic to ob-
ovate, 3.5-6 x 2-3 cm, the inner tepals 6, white,
broadly obovate to obovate-spathulate, basally with
a short claw, fleshy, 4-5 x 2-4,5 cm; stamens
white, 7-15 mm long, anthers dehiscing introrsely,
connective appendage triangular, ca. 1 mm long,
filaments 1 1.5 mm long; gynoecium ellipsoid, 1.5-

2 x 0.5-0.8 cm, carpels 15-24, densely yellow
pubescent, 8-10 mm or longer. Fruiting peduncles
14-17 X 3.5-5.5 mm, pedicles ca, 1 mm long.
Fruits ovoid-elliptic, 4-6 cm long, ripe carpels 1-

3 cm long, apex with a 2-3-mm-long beak; scars
of perianth and stamens 5-7 x 5-7 mm, Seeds
narrowly oblong or irregularly ovate, ca. 8-9 mm
long.

Distribution. China and Vietnam. In CHINA,
Southern and southwestern Guangdong: Ding Hu
Shan, Ting K.C. & K,L Shi 1590; Mao Ming, Tang L
s.rc,; Shi Wan Da Shan, Liang 1LY. s.n. Guangxi: Da
Ming Shan, Chun SJL 12003, Chen B*L. 86 G 7, Chen
ML 3-5535, Cai CX. 5465 29-V; Dong Xing Xian, Li
T.Z. 1458; Huan Jiang Xian, Huan Jiang Fxped. 4-3-
1459. Guizhou: Du Shan Xlan, Li Bo Fxped, 1170.

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1007

Hainan: Liang H.Y. 63698, 64334* 64633, 64988,
Wang C. 33359, and many other collections. HONG-
KONG. Happy Valley; Chang H.T 86094, 8603 J,
Champion 37, Bodimer E. 1221, Taam Y.W, 2149,
and several other collections, TAIWAN. Tai Chung,
Chi chi, Liao Jih-Ching 10085, CHINA. Southeast
Yunnan: Chen B.L 86 S 510, Chen B.L. 86 S 538,
86 S 507, 87 F 196, 87 F 222.

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forests.
Altitude: 400-1,000 m. Flowering May-June;
fruiting September-October.

Uses. Tree cultivated as an ornamental.

Notes. Magnolia championii is quite variable
in habit, shape, and size of the leaves, measurement
of the flowers, and number of the carpels. We
doubted at first whether the species mentioned above
were conspecific. However, after carefully com-
paring type specimens and other collect ions, we
came to the conclusion that they are indeed. In
fact, the differences are related to the distribution:
in Guangdong the species usually is a shrub with
smaller flWers and leaves that are somewhat cus-
pidate at the apex; in Hainan the species possesses
relatively narrow, long leaves with a seemingly
impressed midrib and nerves; in Yunnan it has
broader leaves and bigger flowers. Finally, the Viet-
namese Magnolia Jistulosa and Magnolia talau-
moides should be mentioned. The former is similar
to Magnolia championii in all characters except
its larger leaves and greater number of carpels.
The latter differs from Magnolia championii by
its glabrous twigs, leaves, and peduncles. There are
arguments to support treating Magnolia talau-
moides as a variety of Magnolia championii, but
for the moment we refrain from that.

Magnolia championii was misidentified as Ta-
lauma pumila (Andr.) Blume by Champion (1851)
and included in Magnolia pumila Andr. by F.
Forbes & Hemsley (1886). It was included in Mag-
nolia coco (Lour.) DC. by Rehder & E. Wilson
(1913) and Merrill (1923).

3. Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC, Syst. Nat. 1:
459. 1817. Liriodendron coco Lour., Fl.
Cochinch,: 347. 1790. Talauma coco (Lour.)
Merr.,Sp. Blancoan.: 12. 1918. TYPE: Lourei-
ro (not seen).

Magnolia pumila Andr., Bot. Repos. 4: t. 226. 1802.
Talauma pumila (Andr,) Blume, FL Javae, Mag*
noliaceae: 38, t. 12c. 1828. Liriopsis pumila (Andr.)
Spach ex Baillon, Adansonia 7: 4. 1866. TYPE: t.
226 (Andr., 1802).

Evergreen shrub to small tree 2-4 m high; plant
glabrous; bark gray; twigs shining green, brown-
yellow when dry, smooth, ± angular. Stipules ad-

nate to high on the petiole, stipular scars nearly
up the entire length of the petiole, 5-15 mm.
Leaves coriaceous, dark glossy green, usually olive
green when dry above, greenish beneath, elliptic,
narrowly elliptic, ovate-elliptic, to obovate-elliptic,
10-17 x 2.5-5 crn; apex long-acuminate, some-
times acute, base cuneate to broad-cuneate; margin
slightly undulate; midrib not prominent on the up-
per surface; nerves in 8-10 pairs, curved upward
and meeting in an intramarginal vein at some dis-
tance from the margin, reticulation coarsely netted,
nerves and reticulation yellow to brown and prom-
inent on the under surfaces. Petiole 5-15 mm long.
Peduncles gray-black when dry, covered with a
waxy substance, pendulous, with 3 bract scars,
1.4-2 cm long, pedicles 2-3 x 3-4 mm. Flowers
nodding, subglobose, 3-4 cm diam., heavily scent-
ed, usually opening in the night; tepals 9, unequal,
obovate, dorsal faces convex, the outer 3 greenish,
thin coriaceous, 2-2.6 x 1,2-1.7 cm, the inner
tepals 6, white, fleshy, oblong to obovate-oblong,
3-4 x 4 cm; stamens white, 5-7 mm long, anthers
dehiscing introrsely, filaments 1 .5-2 mm long, con-
nective appendage rounded to acute; gynoecium
obovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 1 x 0.7 cm, carpels 8-12,
5-6 mm long, styles short, torus with the scars of
perianth and stamens 4-5 x 3-5 mm. Fruits can
be seen occasionally, ca. 3 cm long, ripe carpels
subligneous.

Distribution, China and northern Vietnam. In CHI-
NA. Fukien, Kushan: Chung H.H. 779; 8492.
Guangdong: Canton, Gaudichaud Voy\ $ur la Bon 232:,
Lofoushan, Tsiang K 1757; Lokchong, Tso C.L. 20671;
Shiuchow, To Kang Peng CCC herb. 2856: Ting Wu
Shan t Chun W,Y, 6481 A. Cuangxi: He Pu T Liang C.F.
33243. Cuizhou: Esquirol 306L Zhejiang: Wenchow,
ChingR. C. 1904. HONGKONG: Kit York Chan 1352,
Chun W.Y. 4520, Ha S.Y. 5393, 10194, 1020 L Also
in Fujian anad Taiwan. Cultivated in Southeast Asia.

In evergreen broad-leaved forest.
Altitude: 600-900 m. Flowering April-October.

Uses. Used for medicinal purposes and to ex-
tract volatile oil; also grown as an ornamental.

Note, No original Loureiro specimen has been
traced.

4. Magnolia delavayi Franchet, PI. Delavay:

33, tt. 9-10. 1889. TYPE: Delavay 2231
(holotype, P).

Evergreen tree to 18 m high and 25 cm diam.,
bark black -gray, becoming yellow -gray when dry,
rough, fissured; young twigs dull green, densely
appressed -woolly with yellowish hairs, provided with
obvious orbicular and punctiform lenticels, old ones
black -brown and glabrescent. Stipules covered with

1008

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

same indumentum as young twigs, adnate to high
on the petiole, stipular scars nearly to the end of
the petiole, 4-6.5(-8,5) cm long. Leaves coria-
ceous, green, pubescent, glubrescent above, glau-
cous, densely appressed -woolly with curly, yellow
hairs to glabrescent beneath, ovate, narrowly ovate
to elliptic, 14.5-26(-30) x 7-15.5(-18) cm; apex
acute, occasionally ret use, base acute to rounded,
rarely cordate; midrib and nerves conspicuously
elevated below, nerves in 11-16(-21) pairs, retic-
ulation densely netted, prominent on both sides.
Petiole at first densely yellowish pubescent, later
glabrescent, 4-6.5(-8,5) cm long. Peduncles stout,
pubescent, glabrescent, 1.2-2.5 x 0.7-0.9 cm,
pedicle short, 1-5 mm long. Flowers slightly fra-
grant, usually fading one day after opening, creamy
white, 15-20 cm diam., tepals 9(or 10), the outer

3 thin coriaceous, greenish, oblong, 6-8(-10) x
2.5-3( 1) cm, reflexed later, the inner tepals 6,
white, spathulate obovate, fleshy, 7-9.5(-ll) x
3-5 cm, the innermost tepals 3, usually erect and
then enclosing androecium and gynoecium; sta-
mens 1.5-2 cm long, anthers dehiscing introrsely,
connective appendage triangular, 1.5-4 mm long,
filaments 1-2 mm long; gynoecium ovoid, 1,5-
2.2 x 1-1,2 cm, carpels 55-64, yellowish pu-
bescent basally. Fruiting peduncles 1-4 x 0.8-1
cm, pedicles 2-5 x 8 10 nun. Fruits ovoid, 7-
1 1 x 3-5 cm, ripe carpels narrowly elliptic, 2.5-

4 cm long in the lower and 1.7-2 cm long in the
upper carpels, with a 4-10-mm-long beak apically.

Distribution. CHINA, Sichuan: Hsiangyun distr.,
Forrest G. 57. Yunnan: throughout, Chenkang Hsien,
Forrest G 27979, Wang CM. 72469; Yu long shan,
Li kiang, Wang CM\ 71760; Huei-li Hsien, Yu T,T.
1429; Kien-shuei Hsi«n T Tsai fl.T. 53143: Kouang yu
ten (Langkong), Delavay 2231; Li-kiang Hsien, M ang
C.W. 71464; Lunan Xian, Changhu, Sino-Amer. Bat.
Exped. 1630 and many other collections. Southwestern
Guizhou.

Ecology. In broad -leaved forest* Altitude:
1,500 2,800 m. Flowering April- June; fruiting
August-October.

Uses. Bark used for medicinal purposes, the
tree as an ornamental.

5. Magnolia henryi Dunn, J. Linn. Soc. Bot.
35: 484. 1903. type: Henry 12782A (leo
totype, selected here, A; isoleetotypes, E, MO,

NY, US).

Talauma kemi Craib, Kew Bull. 1922: 226. 1922. TYPE:

Kerr 5060 (K).
Manglietia wangii Hu, Bull. Fan. Mem. Inst. BioL (Pei-

ping) 8: 33. 1937. type: C. W. Hang 76888 (ho-

lotype, PE; isotypes, A, TIE).

Evergreen tree to 20 m high; young twigs brown-
yellow, 5-7 mm diam., glabrous or sparsely yel-
lowish pilose, smooth, ± angular. Stipules densely
yellowish hairy, adnate to the petiole, sears up to
the bases of the blades, 5.5-11 cm long. Leaves
coriaceous, dark glossy green, glabrous above,
green, glabrous or sparsely apprcssed-pubescent
with straight, yellow^brown hairs beneath, obovate*
oblong, oblong to ovate, 26-38(-65) x 8-
1 3.5( 22) cm; apex rounded or acute, occasionally
retuse, base cuneate, sometimes rounded; midrib
and nerves prominently elevated below, nerves in
14-20 pairs; reticulation coarse, visible on both
surfaces. Petiole glabrous or appressed-hairy, 5.5-
1 1 cm long. Flower buds ovate; peduncles 2.3-5
x 0.6-1 cm, glabrous, usually recurved, covered
with waxy substance, pedicles ca. 1 2 mm long;
spathaceous bracts 2-3, glabrous; tepals 9, sub-
similar, the outer 3 pale green outside, white inside,
ovate-elliptic, the inner tepals 6, white, fleshy, ob-
ovate to spathulate, 5-6 x 2-3 cm; stamens 1.2-
1.5 cm long, anthers introrsely dehiscing, connec-
tive appendage triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments
1-2 mm long; gynoecium long ovoid, 4-5 x 1.3-
1 ,5 cm, carpels many; scars of perianth and sta-
mens along the torus 1.5-1-7 x 1-1,3 cm. Fruit-
ing peduncles 7-9.5 cm long x 7 10 mm. Fruits
ovoid to ovoid-cylindric, 7.5-14,5 x 3.5 cm, ripe
carpels 1,3-2 cm long, apically with beaks of 3-
5 mm long. Seeds irregularly shaped, ca. 5-12 x
7 mm.

Distribution. China, Upper Burma, Thailand, Laos,
In CHINA, Southwestern Yunnan: Xi Shang Ban Na,
Feng K.M. 22710; Fo Hai, Wang CW. 76002; Lang-
tsang Hsien, 76518; Lung-huk, Jenn-Yeh Hsien, 801 16;
Meng Hai, Li YH. 3607; Meng La, Tsai //. T. 59- 109 1 7;
Nan Chiao, Wang C.W. 76888; Szemoa, Henry A
12782 A.

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forest.
Altitude: 540-1,500 m.

Collector's note. Flowers white or ivory, very

fragrant.

6. Magnolia phanerophlebia B, L, Chen, Acta
Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 1:
107. 1988. type: B L. Chen & C. N. Mai
87T001 (holotype, SYS).

Evergreen shrub or treelet ca. 3 m high and 6
cm diam., plant glabrous. Young twigs 5-7 mm
diam,, gray to yellow-gray when dry, terete, smooth.
Stipules adnate to the base of the petiole, stipular
scars 7-1 9(-25) mm long. Leaves coriaceous, dark
green and shiny above, greenish beneath, obovate
to elliptic, 3 1-34. 5(-36) x 9,5- 14(- 17) cm; apex

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1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1009

acuminate, acumen 1 2 cm, base cuneate, decur-
rent with two ridges into the petiole; midrib con-
spicuously elevated beneath; nerves in (11-) 13-
17(-19) pairs, much impressed above, anastomos-
ing and meeting in an intramarginal vein that is
more prominent than tin 1 coarsely netted reticu-
lation on both surfaces. Petiole obviously thickened
toward its base, (1)3 6(-7) cm. Peduncle re-
curved, ca, 2.5 x 0.4 cm; spathaceous bracts 3,
one toward the base of peduncle and one at the
base of perianth, the third at the middle of peduncle
or higher. Tepals 8-9, subequal, the outer 3 green-
ish, thin coriaceous, the inner tepals 5 6, white,
fleshy. Stamens numerous. Gynoecium narrowly
ovoid, carpels ca. 1 1 . Fruits not seen.

Distribution. CHINA. Southeastern Yunnan:

Maguan, Chen B,L. 87 T /, 87 13.

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forest.
Altitude 500-700 m.

Notes. The description is drawn from limited
material with only flower buds. This species is quite
similar to Magnolia candollii var. ohovata^ from
which it differs by its shorter peduncles and fewer
carpels. Because so far the mature flowers and
fruits have not been gathered, we w r ere unable to
compare it with Magnolia candollii var. (thovata;
thus Magnolia phanerophlehia is temporarily
maintained as a species here in section (rtiil/imia.

Ia-2, Magnolia section Rytidospermum

Spaeh, Hist. Nat. Veget. Phanerog. 7: 474.
1839. type: Magnolia tripetala L.

Deciduous trees. Stipules adnate to petiole.
Leaves large, crowded at the end of the branchlets
in false whorls; midrib not prominent above. Flow-
ers bisexual; tepals subequal; connective produced
into a short or long appendage; anthers dehiscing
introrsely. Gynoecium not stipitate. Number of
ovules per carpel 2, sometimes 4 in the lower
carpels. Scars of bracts 1. Fruits at least finally
consisting of free follicles, which dehisce along the
dorsal suture.

Key to the Species of Magnolia
Section R ytidospermum

Twigs 7-14 mm diam., yellow to purple-brown
when dry, smooth, covered with a gray waxy

substance; filaments 4-5 mm long. ,.. ,

„ 9. Magnolia rostrata

1.

1.

2.

Twigs glabrous, yellow to purple-brown when

dry _ 2

Twigs densely appressed-hairy, soon glabres-
cent, yellow to yellowish gray, 8 14 nun diam.;

filaments red, stout, 4 mm long ,

, ..... 8. Magnolia officinalis

Twigs 6-8 mm diam., purple-brown, conspicu-
ously supplied with semicircular to elliptic leaf

scars; filaments crimson, ca. 12 mm long.

7. Magnolia hypoleuca

7

Magnolia hypoleuca Siebold & Zucc, Ahh.
Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer, Akad. Wiss.
4(2): 187, 1845. type: L-908- 126- 1201 (L).

Magnolia hypoleuca [var.] (3 concolor Siebold & Zucc,
Abh, Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl, Bayer. Akad. Wiss.
4, 2: 187. 1845. type: L-908- 126-1 103 (L).

Deciduous tree to 30 in high; hark gray, lon-
gitudinally fissured; young twigs 6-8 mm diam,,
purple-brown, glabrous, conspicuously supplied with
semicircular to elliptic leaf scars; terminal winter
buds large, ovoid-eylindric, ca. 4 cm long, glabrous
and glaucous. Stipules glabrous, adnate to the base
of the petiole, scars 1.5-2.5 cm long. Leaves
crowded at the end of the twigs, thinly chartaecous,
green, glabrous, sometimes pubescent along the
midrib above, glaucous, pubescent with stout, long,
crisped, colorless hairs everywhere as well as with
slender, straight, colorless hairs along the midrib
and nerves beneath, obovate, 20-38(-45) x 12
18{-20) cm; apex apiculate or short-acuminate,
base broadly cuneate to obtuse; midrib and nerves
prominently elevated below, nerves in 1 5-20 pairs,
reticulation coarsely netted, obscured on both sides.
Petiole glabrous to sparsely pubescent, lenticellate,
3-4.5 cm long. Flowers appearing after the leaves,
cup-shaped, fragrant, 14-20 cm diam., peduncles
glabrous, ca. 2,5 x 1 cm, pedicles ca, 5 x 8 mm;
tepals 9-12, the outer 3 broadly oblong, greenish,
pale reddish tinged, ca. 8 x 4 cm, the inner tepals
7-9, spathulate, creamy w4iite, ca, 11 x 4,7 cm;
stamens whitish, ca, 2.6 cm long, anthers introrsely
dehiscing, connective appendage triangular, ca, 1
mm long, filaments crimson, ca, 12 mm long; gy-
noecium greenish, cylindric, ca. 3.5 X 1 cm, torus
with the scars of perianth and stamens ca. 8 X
10 mm. Fruiting peduncles ca, 3,5 x 1 cm, ped-
icles 1.7 cm long. Fruits ovoid-cylindri*\ 12-13,5
x 4.5-6 cm; ripe carpels 1.5-2.5 cm long, api-
cally with recurved beaks 5-10 mm long; scars of
perianth and stamens along the torus ca. 2 x 1,2
cm.

Distribution. Native of Japan, cultivated in northern
China.

Uses. Wood fine- textured, light and soft, gen-
erally used for construction work, furniture, ttiu-
sieal instruments, and boards; tree grown as an
ornamental because of its big and magnificent flow-
ers,

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Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Note, Ueda (1985, 1986) discussed the syn-
onymy. For a long time the name Magnolia obova-
ta Thunb., nom, illeg , was used, e.g., by Rehder
& E. Wilson in Sargent ( 1913), Johnstone (1955),
H. Hara (1977), Ohwi (1978), and Kitamura &
Murata (1981) for this species. The species was
named Magnolia hoonoki, nom. nudum, by Sie-
bold (1830) and Millais (1927). More information
on misapplied names used for this species follows

iere:

Magnolia glauca auct. non L.: Thunb. [var,] Thunb.,
FL Jap,: 236. 1784b, only for the Japanese name
Fu no Ki and the descr. Magnolia oho vat a [Thunb-,
Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 336. 1794a only for
the Japanese name Fo no Ki and the descr. (Thun-
berg 12885, UPS) nom. illeg.; Mus. Nat. Acad.
Upsal. 16: 137, sine descr. 1794b; PI. Jap. Nov.
5p.: 8, 1824; sine descr.]. E. Wils., Card, Chron.
39: 234. 1906.

Magnolia longifotia auct. non Sweet: Yanagida, J. Soc.
Forest. (Japan) 16, 3: 268, t. 413. 1934. Magnolia
ohovata Thunb. var. yanagidana Hatusima, Acta
Phytotax. Geobot. 4: 209. 1935. type not known.

8. Magnolia officinalis Rehder & E. H, Wilson

in Sarg., PI. Wilson 1: 39 L 1913. TYPE: E.
II. Wilson 652 (holotype, A; isotypes, E, GH,
US),

Magnolia officinalis var. biloha Rehder & E. H. Wilson
inSarg., PI. Wilson 1: 392. 1913, Magnolia biloha
(Rehder & E- H. Wilson) Cheng & Law, Iconogr.
Connoph. Sinicorurn 1: 787, t. 1S74. 1972. Mag-
nolia officinalis subsp. biloha (Rehder & E. H.
Wilson) Cheng & Law in W. C. Cheng, Sylva Siniea
I: 449, t. 134, 1983. TYPK: E. IL Wilson 1649
(holotype, A; isotypes, E, US).

Magnolia officinalis var. pubescens C Y. Deng, J. Nan-
jing Inst. Forest, 1: 145. 1986. typk: C Y. Deng
84182 (not seen).

Deciduous tree to 20 m high, bark thick, gray,
smooth; young twigs stout, 8-14 mm diam., yel-
lowish to gray, sometimes brown, densely ap-
pressed-hairy, with short, straight to undulate, col-
orless to brown hairs, soon glabresrent, the old
ones brownish gray; terminal buds large, narrowly
ovoid, brown -hairy, 3.5-5.5 x 1 - 1 .2 cm. Stipules
membraneous to chartaceous, sparsely hairy with
long hairs, scattered glandular punctate, adnate to
the petiole, sears 0.5-2.7 cm long. Leaves large,
thinly coriaceous, 7-8 crowded together at the top
of the twigs, green, glabrous above, pale green,
glaucous, scattered-pubescent with short, straight
to slightly curly, colorless hairs as well as rather
long, crisped, colorless hairs everywhere, later gla-
brescent beneath, obovate, 16*5-37. 5(-4(>) x 9-
20(-24) cm; apex acute, obtuse, emarginate to

obcordate, base cuneate; both midrib and nerves
prominently elevated, covered with slender, straight
to undulate, colorless hairs below, nerves in 14-
25(-40) pairs, reticulation coarsely netted, visible
on both sides. Petiole stout, densely brown or gray
hairy, glabrescent, 1.9-5 cm long. Flowers ap-
pearing with or after the leaves, white, sometimes
flushed with purplish red, fragrant, 10-15 cm dianru;
peduncles 3-5 x 0.5-0.8 em, densely pubescent
with long, straight, crisped, gray hairs, pedicles 2-
6 mm long; tepals 9-12(-17), thick fleshy, the
outer 3 pale green outside, obovate, usually re-
flexed, the inner tepals 6-9(- 1 4), ohovate to spath-
ulate, 8-10 x 2.5-5 cm; stamens 3-4 cm long,
anthers introrsely dehiscing, connective appendage
triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments red, stout, 4-
8 mm long; gynoecium ovoid, 2.5-3.5 x 1 cm;
torus with the scars of perianth and stamens 1-
1.8 x 1,2 cm. Fruiting peduncles glabrous to
densely gray-hairy 3-5 x 0.5-0,8 cm. Fruits ob-
long-ovoid, occasionally cylindric, straight to slight-
ly distorted by abortion of part of the carpels, 8-
16 x 4.5-5 cm; ripe carpels 1-3 cm long, with
1-3-mm-long beaks at the apex; the scars of peri-
anth and stamens along the torus ca. 1.4-2 x 1.5
cm. Seeds ovoid to irregularly shaped, ± com-
pressed* 8-10 x 6-9 mm.

Distribution, CHINA. Southern Anhui: Chang Gon
Shan, Wu Yuan, Yieh PC 345, Ching RC 3227;
Chiuhwa Shan, Sun S.C. 1293; Wangshan, Chow K.S.
126. Fujian: Ching R.C 2519. Northern Guang-
dong: Ruyuan, Chen B.L. et aL 81001. Northern
Guangxi: Lin Gui, Liang H.Y. 100218; Long Sheng,
Huang D.A. 6034; Hsi-Chang village, Ch'i-fen-shan,
Kweilin distr., Tsang W.T. 28495. Northern & north-
eastern Guizhou: Shi Jian Xian, Qiannun Exped. 31 12;
Weining, Tsiang K 9169. Southwestern Hunan: Yang
Shan, Changning Hsien, Fan C.S. & Y.Y. Li 281. West-
ern Hubei: Chienshih Hsien, Henry A 4886, Chow
H.C. 1367: Patung Hsien, Chow H. C. 46, Wilson E.H.
652, Henry A 1475,549,3711. Jiangxi: Kuling, Lotus
Valley, Chmo CY. 18759; Ku-ling, Chung HAL & S.C.
Sun 680; Sa^tiu-hong, Yungshiu, tsiang Y. 106 16; Kin-
kiang, Wilson E.H. 1649. Sichuan: Kuan Hsien, if ang
FT. 20441; Mt, Omei, Yu IX 517, (Juno CY & C.S.
Fan 436; Wan Hsien, Mou-tao-chi, Hun CX. 38. Xi-
zang: Moupin, Werner E. s.n. Western & southern
Zhejiang: 50 li N of Sia chu, Ching R.C 1610; Lungt-
su&n, Ho Y.Y. 3201; Mokanshan, Meyer F.N. 1572;
Swen chi, southern Yentang, flu HAL 93; Tien tai shan,
Huating, Chiao CY field no. 1050, herb, no. 14349.
The species is also reported from southern Sbaanxi.

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 300-1,300 m.
Flowering May -June; fruiting August-October,

Uses. Bark, root-bark, flowers and seeds all
used for medicinal purposes; seeds also for extrac-
tion of oil; wood yellowish brown, straight -grained
and fine-textured, soft, used lor eonstruction, ve-

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1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1011

neei\ furniture, and musical instruments. Because
of its dense crown, large leaves, and beautiful flow-
ers, the tree is grown as an ornamental.

Collector's notes. Leaves whitish beneath; bark
smooth, gray; flowers white or purple; fruits erect,
green, turning purplish or purple-red; seeds scarlet.

Notes, Magnolia officinalis resembles Mag-
nolia hypoleuca in many characters except in the
shape of the basal follicles of the ripe fruits, the
degree of the indument of the pedicles, and the
color of the twigs. In this regard, Spongberg (1976)
has already compared the two species in detail; we
agree with his observations. However, there are
not sufficient collections available, particularly of
living material, to settle the problem. Therefore,
the tw r o are treated as distinct species here.

This species was included as Magnolia hypo-
leuca auct [noil Siebold & Zucc. (1845)] by Diels
(1900), Finet & Gagnepain (1905, pro parte), E.
Wilson (1906) excluding description of the fruity
and Fang Wen Pei (1942).

9, Magnolia rostrata W* W> Smith,, Notes Roy,
Bot, Card. Edinburgh 7: 213. 1920, type:
Forrest 15052 (lectotype, selected here, E;
isolectotype, K).

Deciduous tree to 24 m high; bark pale gray;
twigs stout, 7-14 mm diam,, yellow to purple-
brown when dry, glabrous and smooth, covered
with a gray waxy substance. Stipules glabrous, dull
yellow-green, usually covered with waxy substance,
adnate to the base of the petiole, stipular scars
1.5-3.5 cm long. Leaves thinly coriaceous, green,
glossy and glabrous above, glaucous, sparsely scat-
tered-pubescent with rather long, crisped, brown
hairs, glabrescent beneath, 5-7 crowded together
at the end of the twigs, obovate, 3.1— 36. 5(- 53) x
19-20.5(-28) cm; apex broadly rounded, with a
ca. 3-mm-long short-acute tip, base obtuse; midrib
conspicuously elevated beneath, nerves prominent
beneath, in 28-36 pairs, reticulation coarsely net-
ted, visible on both sides. Petiole stout, pubescent,
glabrescent, 2.5-6 cm long. Peduncles ca. 2.5 x
1 cm, pedicles ca, 1.3 cm long. Flowers appearing
after the leaves, heavily scented; tepals 10 11,
the outer 3 green, slightly flushed with pink outside,
pink inside, oblong-elliptic, 8-13 x 2.5-5.0 cm,
refiexed. the inner tepals 6, white, erect, spathulate
to obovate, 11-13 x 4-4.5 cm; stamens purple-
red, 1 ,4-1 .7 cm long, anthers dehiscing introrsely,
connective appendage triangular, 1-L5 mm long,
filaments 4-5 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, gla-
brous, 2.3-4 x 1 --1,3 cm, carpels many; torus

with the scars of perianth and stamens 1 .2-1.9 x
0.6-1 cm. Fruiting peduncles 1.5-3.5 x 1-1.7
cm, pedicles 2-10 x 8 mm, sometimes absent,
both glabrous. Fruits cylindric, erect, 12-20.5 x
3-5 cm, apex gradually narrowing, base broadly
rounded; ripe carpels 1-1,5 cm long in the lower
and 0.7 1.2 cm long in upper carpels, beak to 6-
8 mm long, incurved. Seeds irregularly shaped,
flat, ca. 7x5 mm.

Distribution. Northeastern Burma and China. In CHI-
NA. Xizang: Mt. Kenichunpo, Upper Salween River,
Rock J.F. 22607; Salween ridge, Champutong, 10160;
Mt. Kenyichunpo, Champutong, 11215; Tsarong, For-
rest G. 20827. Yunnan: Mount Gitsa, Rock J J. 17097,

18394; N Waikha-Salwin divide, 26*30'N, Forrest G.

18246; Salween-Kui Chiang divide, 27°N, 98°35'E, For-
rest G. 25751; Taron-Taru divide, Ahtemai, Yu T.T.
20894.

Ecology, In broad-leaved forest. Altitude;
2,400-2,800 rm Flowering April-May; fruiting
September-October.

Collector's note. Leaves very large; flowers
sweet-smelling, tepals 10-12, thick and fleshy,
white, ivory, to white flushed rose or rose-pink,
appearing before the foliage.

Note. The description of the flowers in Smith
(1920) does not apply to this species.

Ia-3* Magnolia section Oyama Nakai, Fl. Sylv.
Koreana 20: 1 17. 1933. Magnolia sect. Co-
phantera Dandy, Curtis Bot. Mag. 159: sub.
t. 9467. 1936. TYPE: Magnolia si e ho Id it K.
Koch,

Deciduous shrub or tree. Stipules adnate to pet-
iole. Leaves ± pale green or glaucous, evenly dis-
tributed; midrib not prominent above. Flowers bi-
sexual; tepals subequal; connective not produced
into an appendage, retuse or blunt; anthers de-
hiscing introrsely. Gynoecium not stipitate. Scars
of bracts 1 . Fruits at least finally consisting of free
follicles, which dehisce along the dorsal suture.

Key to the Species ok Magnolia
Section Oyama

1. Leaves not glaucous beneath; pedicles 13-17
mm; nerves in 9-12 pairs; gynoecium 15-20
mm high. 12. Magnolia sinensis

1. Leaves glaucous beneath 2

2(1). Gynoecium 23-25 mm high; nerves in 8-1 I

pairs; pedicles 5-25 mm, 10. Magnolia globosa

2. Gynoecium 13-20 mm high 3

3(2). Reticulation rather obscure; nerves in 6-8

pairs; pedicle 2 2.8 mnu I L Magnolia neboldii

3. Reticulation distinct; nerves in 10-12 pairs;
pedicle 5-7 mm. 13. Magnolia wilsonii

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Missouri Botanical Garden

I 0. Magnolia globosa Hook. f. & Thomson, FL
Ind. 1: 77. 1 855. type:: Sikkim, alt. 2,700-
3,000 m, J. I). Hook, s.n. (holotype, K; iso-
type, GH).

Magnolia tsarongensis W. W. Smith & Forrest, Notes
Roy. Bot. Card, Edinburgh 1 2: 215. 1920. TYPE:
G. Forrest 1 887 YJ(lectotype, selected here, A; isolec-
totypes, E, K).

Deciduous small tree to 10 ni high, flowers ap-
pearing at the same time or before the leaves;
young twigs purple-brown or dull brown, 4-5 mm
diam., at first densely a p pressed or shaggily hairy
w r ith yellowish, hrown to rusty-brown hairs, soon
glabrous; terminal winter buds densely hrown pu-
bescent. Stipules yellowish sericeous or brown vil-
lous, adnate to higher on the petiole, stipular scars
usually over half the 1 length of the petiole, 15-42
mm long. Leaves membranous, dark green, usually
dull brown when dry, sparsely pubescent along the
midrib and nerves above, glaucous, villous w r ith
long, undulate to crisped, colorless or brownish
hairs, later glabreseent beneath, ovate, broadly
ovate, elliptic, occasionally obovate, 12,5-21 (-26)
X 6 1 1.5(-15) cm; apex acute to rounded, base
rounded to somewhat cordate or truncate; midrib
and nerves prominent beneath, nerves in 8-11
pairs, reticulation coarse, visible below. Petiole
densely pubescent, glabreseent, 2-5 cm long.
Flowers fragrant, cup-shaped to subglohose, pen-
dent or nodding, 6-7.5 cm diam., peduncles dense-
ly villous with gray, brown, or rusty-brown hairs,
3.7-6.5(-7.5) x 0.2-0.4 cm, pedicles 5-25 mm
long; tepals 9-12, creamy white, subequal, obovate
to spathulate, t 7.5 x 2-4 cm, apex rounded,
base obtuse, usually constricted into short claws;
stamens crimson, 12—18 mm long, anthers de-
hiscing introrsely, connective retuse or rounded,
filaments 1 -4 mm long; gynoecium green, ellipsoid,
2.3-2,5 x 0.5-0.8 cm. Fruiting peduncles 6.5-
9 x 0.3-0.5 cm, glabrous or hairy. Fruits cylin-
dric, 2.5-9 x 2-2.5 cm; ripe carpels 1,7-3 cm
long in the lower and 1-2 cm long in the upper
carpels, apically with beaks 3-6 mm long; scars
of perianth and stamens along the torus 6-12 x
7-11 mm. Seeds ovoid, ca, 10 x 8 mm.

Distribution. Northeastern Assam, eastern Himala-
ya, China, northern Burma. In CHINA. Southwestern
Sichuan: Wen Chaun Hsien, Wilson E.H. 1422. South-
eastern Xizang: Mountains of Champutong, Rock J.F.
22047; Putsang River, Rong To valley, Zayul, Kingdon
Ward F. 10973. Northwestern Yunnan: Salween*
Kui Chiang divide, 23°24'N, 98°28'E, Forrest G. 20866;
Salwin-Kiu Chiang divide, Si chi to, 28°45'N, 98°18'E,
21722; Tsarong, Salwin-Kui Chiang divide 28°24'M
98°24'E, 20303; Meng-hua, Clmkai, Yu T.T. 15854;

Salween-Djiou-Djiang, under Tschamputong, Hartd.-Mazz.
9212; Salwin-Kiukiang divide, >i/ T.T. 19251; Sikang,
Li M.K. 2329; Sitiping, between Lipiang and Weihsi,
Ching R.C. 22016; Wei si Hsien, Wang C.W. 63981;
Xue long Shan, Feng KM. 4813,

Ecology. In mixed forest or thickets. Altitude:
1,900-3,300 m. Flowering May-July; fruiting Au-
gust-September,

Uses. Seeds and leaves used for volatile oil,
tree cultivated as an ornamental,

(Collector's notes. With brown hairs on bracts,
petioles, and under leaves; flowers snow white,
creamy white, or greenish white, pendent and fra-
grant; fruits greenish, fleshy; seeds red.

Note. Yulania japonica Spach var. glohosa
(Hook. f. & Thomson) P. Parrnentier (1895) is a
nomen nudum.

11. Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch, Hurt. l)en-
droh: 4. 1853. Magnolia oyama Kort, Revue
Horticulture Beige 31: 258. 1905, Magnolia
verecunda Koidz., Bot, Mag. (Tokyo) 40: 339.
1926. syntypes: K. ho s.n. L 908- 126- 1110,
fertile (L), sine leg. 1-908-126-1013 (L).

Deciduous treelet to 10 m high; young twigs
slender, 1-2 mm diam., yellow r -brown, dark brown,
or purple-brown, at first densely appressed-pubes-
cent with yellowish white hairs, later glabrous,
smooth. Stipules sparsely to densely hairy with
gray-yellow or brownish hairs, adnate to the petiole,
scars up to over or under halfway on the petiole,
5-40 mm long. Leaves chartaceous, dark bright
green, glabrous to sparsely pubescent with fine
hairs above, glaucous, sparsely to densely covered
with oppressed short or long, colorless or brownish,
usually straight to rarely undulate hairs beneath;
obovate or broadly obovate, 3- 1 5(-20) x 2-9(- 1 2)
cm; apex acute to acuminate with acumen 5-10
nun long, base rounded to truncate; midrib and
nerves prominent below, nerves in 6-8 pairs, re-
ticulation coarse, obscured, Petiole appressed -hairy,
l-4(-6.5) cm long. Flowers together with the
leaves, cup-shaped to saucer-shaped, nodding or
pendent, fragrant, 7-10 cm diam.; peduncles slen-
der, densely hairy with gray- white or brownish
hairs, 3.8-4.5 x 0.1-0.2 cm, pedicles 2-2.8 mm
long, sometimes absent; tepals 9-12, white, sub-
equal, 3.5-6 x 2-3,5 cm, the outer 3 obovate,
reflexed in full bloom, the inner tepals 6, spathulate
to broadly obovate, usually with short ('law at the
bases; stamens purple-red, 8-15 mm long, anthers
dehiscing introrsely, connective blunt, ca. 0.5 mm
long, filaments ca. 3 mm long; gynoecium green,
ellipsoid, 1.5-1,7 x 0,4-0.6 cm; carpels narrowly

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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1013

elliptic, ca. 1 cm long. Fruiting peduncles glabrous
to densely brownish pubescent, 6.2^7 x 0.2-0,3
cm. Fruits cylindric, rarely ovoid, 3-4 x 1.2—1.7
cm; ripe carpels apically with 4 12-mm-long beaks,
erect or recurved; torus with scars of perianth and
stamens 4-10 x 3-5 mm. Seeds subcordate to
irregularly shaped, ca, 6-7 x 6 mm.

Distribution. China, Korea, and Japan. In CHINA.
Anhui San Hua Wu, Huangshan, Deng & Yao 79192.
Northern GuangxL Quan Xian, Chun Y.F. 81654;
Xing An, Chen Z.Z. 51 165; Zi Yuan, Tsoong C.U. 83515,
Cuizhou: Lei Gong Shan, Cao Zi-yu 369; Lei Shan
Xian, Jian Z.P. 50796. Liaoning: Huan Ren Xian,
Wang W.I191, Wang C.S. 4065, Sichuan: Ma-pien
Hsien, Wang FT. 22816; Wenchuan Hsien, Wang FT.
21080. ? Yunnan: Wang C.W. 89858.

Ecology. In forest. Altitude 1,500-1,800 m,
Flowering May-June; fruiting August-September,

Uses. Used for medicinal purposes; grown as
an ornamental.

Collector's notes. Small tree or shrub; flowers
nodding, white and fragrant; stamens creamy white,
with rose tip.

Notes. Siebold & Zuccarini (1845) treated this
species as Magnolia parviflora [non Blume
(1825)], while Komarov (1904) used the name
Magnolia conspicua [non Salisbury (1806)].

12. Magnolia sinensis (Kehder & E. FL Wilson)
Stapf, Bot. Mag. (Curtis) 149: t. 9004. 1924,
Magnolia globosa Hook. f. & Thomson var.
sinensis Rehder & E, FL Wilson in Sarg., PL
Wilson. 1: 393. 1913. Magnolia sieboldii
K. Koch subsp. sinensis (Rehder & E. H.
Wilson) Spongberg, J. Arnold Arbor. 57: 279,
f. 3, h-i. 1976. type: E. H. Wilson 1422
(holotype, A; isotypes, E, GH, MS).

Deciduous shrub or small tree to 5 m high; young
twigs purple-brown, dark purple, purple-gray to
gray, slender, ea. 3 mm diam., densely yellow or
brownish villous at first, glabrescent later, old twigs
brown-gray, smooth, glabrous to barely hairy. Stip-
ules densely appressed-pubescent with brownish or
yellowish hairs, adnate to the petiole, sears 2-3
cm long. Leaves chart accous, green, finely pubes-
cent over the surface or only along midrib and
nerves above, pale green, at first densely covered
with rather long, crisped, colorless or brownish
hairs, soon glabrescent beneath, elliptic, broadly
elliptic, obovate to broadly obovate, 10-16(-21.5)
x 6-9(-13) cm; apex rounded or mucronate, base
obtuse; nerves visible below, in 9-12 pairs, retic-
ulation coarse. Petiole densely yellowish villous,
2.5-4(-7) cm long. Flowers appearing with the

leaves, nodding, fragrant, cup-shaped, 8-12(-15)
cm diam. when fully open; peduncles densely or
sparsely pubescent, 3.5-6.5 x 0.2-0.5 cm, ped-
icles 1.3-1-7 cm long; tepals 9, white, subequaL
the outer 3 ovate to elliptic, 4-5,5 x 1 .7-2.7 cm,
the inner tepals 6, broadly obovate, with short claw
at the bases, 4.5-7 x 3-5.6 cm; stamens red, 9-
14 mm long, anthers dehiscing introrsely, connec-
tive rounded to mucronulate, ca. 0.5 mm long,
filaments 1-2 mm long: gynoecium green, narrow-
ly obovoid-ellipsoid, 1.5-2 x 0.4-0.7 cm, carpels
narrow and long, styles 3-4 mm long. Fruiting
peduncles 4-6.5 X 0.2-0.5 cm. Fruits cylindric,
5.5-7.5 x 1.3-1.7 cm; ripe carpels ellipsoid, 1.7-
2.5 cm long in the lower and 1-1.3 cm in the
upper carpels, beaks 2-5 mm long, recurved; torus
with scars of perianth and stamens 8 10 x 4-9
mm .

Distribution. CHINA: northwestern Sichuan,

Uses. The tree is used as an on kht taenia!.

Note. There is still disagreement about the
rank of this species, Ueda's (1980) observation
and judgment dealing with this species seem ac-
curate. We agree with his view that Magnolia
sinensis should not be treated as a subspecies of
Magnolia sieboldii.

13. Magnolia wilsonii (Finet & Gagnep.) Reh-
der in Sarg. PL Wilson, 1: 395: 1913. Mag-
nolia parviflora var. wilsonii Finet & Gag-
nep., Bull. Soe. Bot. France (Memoires)4: 39.
1905. TYPE: E. //. Wilson 3137 (holotype,
A; isotypes, BM, K, IS).

Magnolia nichohoniana Rehder & E. H. Wilson in Sarg.

PL Wilson. 1: 394. 1913. Magnolia wilsonii f.

nichohoniana (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Rehder, J.

Arnold Arbor, 20: 91. 1939. typk: E. //. Wilson

838 (holotype, A; isotypes, BM, K, US).
Magnolia taliensis W. W. Smith, Notes Roy. Rot. Gard.

Edinburgh 8: 341, 1915. Magnolia lilifera var.

taliensis (W. W. Smith) Pamp.» Bull. Soe. Tosc.

Ortic. 41: 137. 1916. Magnolia wilsonii {. taliensis

(W. W. Smith) Rehder, Man. Cult. Trees: 249.

1940. TYPE: G, Forrest 7 1 82 (holotype, E; isotypes,

BM, K).

Deciduous shrub or small tree to 8 m high; bark
gray-brown; young twigs slender, 2-3 nun diam,,
brown-purple to gray, densely villous with yellowish
to brown hairs, later glabrescent, smooth and
sparsely lenticellate, old twigs gray-black, glabrous,
glabrescent. Stipules densely yellow to yellowish
white villous with silky hairs, adnate to the petiole,
stipular scars nearly up to the base of the blade,
l-2.5(-5.4) cm long. Leaves chartaceous, dark

1014

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

green, glabrous or sparsely pubescent over the
surfaces to only hairy along both midrib and nerves
above; glaucous, glabrous, sometimes only pubes-
cent along midrib and nerves, or thinly to densely
pubescent with short to long, colorless to brownish,
straight, slightly curved to rather crisped hairs
everywhere beneath; usually narrowly ovate to ob-
ovate, sometimes broadly ovate to elliptic, 9-
14.5{-22) x 3,5-6(-10) cm; apex acute or acu-
minate, base rounded or sometimes slightly cor-
date; midrib and nerves visible on both sides, nerves
in 10-12 pairs* reticulation coarse, Petiole slender,
densely covered with same indumentum as young
twigs, soon glabrescent, 2-4(-5,6) cm long, Flow-
ers appearing with the leaves, at first cup-shaped
to saucer-shaped, later pendent, white, fragrant;
peduncles slender, brown- villous with silky hairs,
glabrescent, 13-45 X 2-3 mm, pedicles 5-7 mm
long; bracts pubescent; tepals 9(-l2), subsimilar,
the outer 3 elliptic, apically rounded to acute, 4.5-
6 x 1,5-3 cm, the inner tepals 6, broadly obovate
to spathulate, apically rounded, basally shorl-
clawed, 2,7-6,5 x 1.3-4.5 cm; stamens 9-12
mm long, purple-red* connective rounded, fila-
ments ca. 2 mm long; gynoecium green, ovoid -
cyliiidric, 13-20 x 5-6 mm; torus with the scars
of perianth and stamens ca. 6 X 6 mm. Fruiting
peduncles glabrous, 30-45 x 2-3 mm, pedicles
8 15 mm long. Fruits pendent, cylindric, 3-6,5
x 1-2 cm; ripe carpels ellipsoid, 1,7-2,6 cm long
in the lower and 1-2 cm long in the upper carpels,
with beaks 2-5 mm long. Seeds subcordate to
irregularly shaped, 5-7 x 5-6 mm.

Distribution. CHINA. Cuizhou: Xing Yi Xian, An
Shun Exped. 1 1 12. Western & central Sichuan: Nai-
tan to pain yi pu, Smith, Harry 1953; Tachinhu, Wilson
E.H* 1374; Wa shan, 838. Yunnan: Tze-tehou-pa, Mnirc
E.E 866; Tali range, 25°40'N, 100°5'E, Forrest G.
27941; Yun Hsien, McLarens's collectors L 66 A; Liao
Tseng, C 92; Kou ty, Pe yen tsin, Ten Simeon 564;
Chienchuan- Mekong divide, Forrest G. 23480; N end
of Cangshan, Sino-British Exped, 655.

Ecology, In forest. Altitude: 1,900-3,300 m.
Flowering May-June, fruiting September-Octo-
ber.

Uses, Bark used for medicinal purposes; the
tree is grown as an ornamental.

Collector's notes. Flowers saucer-shaped,
drooping, fragrant, pure white; stamens bright red
or violet.

Note. F. Wilson (1906) dealt with this species
erroneously under Magnolia globosa Hook. f. &
Thomson,

Ia-4. Magnolia section Gynopodium Dandy,
Curtis Bot. Mag. 155: t. 16, 1948. type si>k-
CIES: Magnolia nit id a W. W. Smith.

Parakmeria Hu & Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sinica 1, 2:
1. 1951. TYPE spkuics: Parakmeria omeiensis Hu
& Cheng.

Micheliopsis H. Keng, Quart. J. Taiwan Mus. 8: 207,
t, 345, 1955, TYPF species: Mic hello psis kachi-
rachirai (Kaneh. & Yamam.) H. Keng,

Evergreen tree, entirely glabrous. Stipules free.
Leaves evenly distributed. Midrib prominent above,
at least toward base, or not. Flowers androdioe-
cious, Tepals subequab Connective produced into
a short or long appendage. Anthers dehiscing in-
trorsely. Gynoecium stipitate. Number of ovules
per carpel 2, sometimes 4 in the lower carpels
(rarely 4 in each carpel). Fruits at least finally
consisting of free follicles, which dehisce along the
dorsal suture.

Key to the Species of Magnolia

St( TION G Y:\( iPOim \t

1, Outer tepals 3.1-5 cm long. 2

1. Outer tepals 2.5-3 cm long. 4

2( 1 ), Midrib of leaf prominent above, at least toward

base; leaves ovate, base broadly rnneate or
rounded; filaments 1-3 mm, connective ap-
pendage of anthers 2-4 mm. ,

15a. Magnolia nitida var. nitida

2. Midrib of leal not prominent above; leaves
elliptic, obovate, or narrowly elliptic, base cu-
neate or narrowly cuneate; filaments 2-2.5
or 7 mm; connective appendage of anthers
1-1.5 mm. ..... ._ ..... 3

3(2). Peduncle 6 mm thick; leaves narrowly elliptic,
base narrowly cuneate; flower creamy white,
outer tepals thin, oblong; filaments 7 mm. .....

.„™ 1 6. Magnolia omeiensis

3. Peduncle 3-4 mm thick; leaves elliptic or
obovate, base cuneate; flower yellowish green,
tepats subsimilar, obovate or spathulate; fila-
ments 2 2,5 mm. 14. Magnolia kachirachirai

4(1). Peduncle 3-4 mm thick; midrib of leaf not
prominent above; outer tepals obovate or
spathulate; filaments 2-2.5 mm long; gynoe-
cium exserted from stamens; fruits 2-2.5 cm
long, 14. Magnolia kachirachirai

4. Peduncle 5-9 mm thick; midrib of leaf prom-
inent above, at least toward base; outer tepals
ovate, filaments 1 mm long; gynoecium en-
tirely hidden within androecium, fruits 3.5

np r i r

^*^ ^ * * + ■ ^Ll ■ SB ^F^*L '■ ............,. 1rTr| uriTII ■■■■■■CIllllllllilllllJLilill................. ...................... %^f

5(4). Gynoecium 8 mm high; reticulation of leaf
distinct; connective appendage of anthers 0.5
mm long; gynoecium narrowly ovoid; scars of
perianth and stamens along torus under fruit

6-7 mm long. _ „

15c. Magnolia nitida var. robusta

5. Gynoecium 16 mm high; reticulation rather
obscure, connective appendage 2-4 mm long;

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1015

gynoeciuni ovoid, scars of perianth and sta-
mens along torus under fruit 2-4 mm long,
15b. Magnolia nitida van lotungensis

14. Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira & Ya-
mamoto) Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927: 264, 1927.
Michelia kachirachirai Kanehira & Y ama-
in oto, Trans. Nat, Hist, Soc. Taiwan 84: 78,
1 926, Micheliopsis kachirachirai Keng,
Quart, J. Taiwan Mus, 8: 210, ph 1 and f.
1, 1955, Parakmeria kachirachirai Law in
W. C, Cheng, Sylva Sinica 1: 473, 1983.
TYPE: Kanehira, 1924 (holotype, TAIF not
seen).

Evergreen glabrous tree to 17 m high and 1.2
m diam., bark dark brown, smooth, young twigs
2-3 mm diam,, dull dark brown, smooth, old ones
gray, longitudinally fissured; terminal buds ovoid
to elliptic, dull brown, 13-16 x 3-4 mm. Stipules
free from the petiole. Leaves thinly coriaceous,
dark green above, green beneath, elliptic to obo-
vate, 6,5-1 2(-20) x 2-3( 5} cm; apex acute to
short-acuminate, base cuneate; nerves fine, ob-
scured above, visible below, in 9-12 pairs, retic-
ulation rather coarse, faint on both sides. Petiole
ca. 5-20 mm long. Peduncles 7-15 x 3-4 mm,
pedicles usually absent, rarely present, ca, 1 mm
long. The bisexual flowers yellowish green; tepals
9-12, suhsimilar, obovate to spathulate, 2.5-4 x
1-1.5 cm; stamens 50-60, 1.4-1.8 cm long, an-
thers dehiscing introrsely, connective appendage
narrowly triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments 2-
2.5 mm long; gynoecium ovoid, slightly exserted
from the androecium, 1.2-1.4 x 0,5 cm long,
gynophore ca, 5-8 x 1.5 mm, carpels 10-18;
torus with the scars of perianth and stamens ca.
5 x 4 mm; the male flowers not seen, Fruits
subovoid, 2-2.5 x 1.2-1.5 cm; ripe carpels 8-
12, ± connate, 2-2.5 cm long. Seeds reniform to
subcordate, ca, 10x7 mm.

Distribution. CHINA, Southeastern Taiwan:

Hengchun peninsula, Henry A 2060 % Chang C.E. 4384;
Taizhong, Xie Z*Q. s.n*

Ecology. In evergreen broad -leaved forest.
Altitude: 500-1,300 rn.

Uses. Wood used for general construction
work; tree also grown as an ornamental.

15, Magnolia nitida W. \V. Smith, Notes Roy.
Bot. Card. Edinburgh 12: 212. 1920. Para-
kmeria nitida (W. W. Smith) Law in W, C.
Cheng, Sylva Sinica 1 : 472. 1983. TYPE: For-

rest 15059 (lectotype, selected here, E; iso-
lectotype, K),

Magnolia lotungensis Chun & C. T. Tsoong, Acta Phy-
totax. Sin. 8: 285, 1963, TYPE: Chun & Tao 50122
(IBSC not seen).

Magnolia yunnanensis (Hu) Noot.» Bluinea 31, L 88.
1985. Parakmeria yunnanensis Hu, Acta Phyto-
tax. Sin. 1: 2. 1951. TYPE: C W. Wang 83157
(KUN).

15a. Magnolia nitida var. nitida

Evergreen tree to 30 m high and 90 cm diam,,
entirely glabrous, bark faintly gray-brown or dark
gray; young twigs 2-3 mm diam., olive green to
brownish, fruiting twigs 5-6(-8) mm diam,, old
ones dull gray, longitudinally to irregularly fissured;
terminal buds ovoid, ca. 17 x 5 mm. Stipules free
from the petiole. Leaves rigid, coriaceous, dark
glossy green, olive green to dull brown when dry
above, green, greenish brownish to brownish when
dry beneath, usually ovale to elliptic-ovate, occa-
sionally obovate, 6-12(-14) X 3-4(-6,5) cm; apex
short-acuminate, acumen 7-10 mm long, some-
times acute, base broadly cuneate to obtuse; midrib
prominent above only near the base; nerves fine,
visible on the underside, in 9-13 pairs, reticulation
coarse, hardly visible on both surfaces. Petiole 1 .5
2*5 cm long, without stipular scars. The bisexual
flowers fragrant, peduncles 6-8x5 mm, pedicles
1.5-2 mm long; tepals 9-12, subsimilar, creamy
yellow, slightly fleshy, flushed purplish outside, ob-
ovate to spathulate, 4-5 x 1-3 cm; apex rounded
to short-acuminate, base tapering, sometimes short-
clawed; stamens 1.3-2.5 cm long, anthers dehisc-
ing introrsely, connective appendage linear, 2-4
mm long, filaments 1-3 mm long; gynoecium ob-
long, exserted from the androecium, ca. 16x5
mm, gynophore 6-8 X 2-3 mm; carpels green,
styles crimson; the male flowers not seen. Fruiting
peduncles 8-16 x 4-5 mm, pedicles 1.5-4 mm
long. Fruits ovoid to oblong, sometimes distorted,
3.5-7.5 x 2-3 cm; ripe carpels 13-20, 1-2.5
cm long, apically with recurved beaks ca. 1 mm
long, gynophores 4-12 x 4-6 mm; scars of peri-
anth and stamens along the torus 5-10 x 4-7
mm. Seeds reniform, 10-13 x 5-10 mm.

Distribution- China and northern Burma. In CHI-
NA, Xizang: Champutong, Rack J-F. 10136; Mt. Ken-
ichunpo, W of Champutong, Rock J.F. 22457; Salween
valley, Champutong, 10235; Tsarong, G\ Forrest 20358,
Yunnan: Sahvin-Kiu Chan divide, Champutong, 98°30'E,
28°16'N, Forrest G. 2/6/6; Sahvin-Kiu Chang divide,
28°24'N, 98°24'E, 20860; Shweli-Salwin divide, 25°50'N I
98°45'E, 26381; Meng Lun, Chang H.T 5022; Shang
pa Hsien, Tsai II. T. 54858.

1016

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Ecology* In mixed forest, growing on sand-
stone, shale, and granite. Altitude: 800 2,500 in.
Flowering March-May; fruiting September Oc-
tober.

Uses. Wood yellowish, durable, generally used
for construction work and furniture.

Collector's notes. Widely branched evergreen
tree, or half deciduous; leaves whitish beneath;
flowers fragrant, creamy white, pale yellow or white
washed purple toward base; fruits green.

Notes. This species is widely distributed, ex-
tending from northern Uurma northward to Xizang
and northern Yunnan, and northeastward to cen-
tral and southeastern Yunnan, Magnolia Yitruta-
nensis is very similar to Magnolia nitida in all
characters. It is obvious that the leaves, the mature
fruits, the peduncles, and the gy nop h ores become
increasingly longer along a cline from Burma to
southeastern Yunnan. No characters can be found
that segregate Magnolia nitida from Magnolia
yunnanensis.

1 Sl>. Magnolia nitida var. lotungensis (Chun

& C. T. Tsoong) B, L. Chen & Nooteboom,
stat. nov. Magnolia lotungensis Chun & C.
T. Tsoong, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 285. 1963.
TYTK: Chun & Tao .10122 (IBSG not seen).

Evergreen tree to 20 m high and 90 cm diam.,
bark pale gray to brownish gray; young twigs 2-
3 mm diam., dull brown-green, fruiting twigs 4 -
5(-6) mm diam,, old ones faint gray; terminal buds
ovoid-ellipsoid, ca. 14 x 4 mm. Leaves coriaceous,
dark green, shiny, olive green to dull brown when
dry above, green, brownish when dry beneath, rig-
id, elliptic to narrowly elliptic, occasionally broadly
elliptic, 6-11 x 2.5-3.5(-5) cm; apex acute to
short-acuminate, base cuneate; midrib prominent
on both sides, nerves fine, hardly visible above,
prominent below, in ( ) 13 pairs, reticulation
coarsely netted, obscured on both surfaces. Petiole
ca. 1.5-2 em long, without slipular scars. Flowers
androdioecious, white; tepals 9-12, subsimilar, the
outer 3 ovate, 2.5-3 x 1 .2-2 cm, the inner tepals
6-9, obovate, slightly narrower than the outer;
stamens 35 (>.">, anthers I nun long, lilaments
ca, 1 mm long in the male flowers; stamens 1 7-
22, gynoecium ovoid, entirely hidden by the an-
droecium, carpels 15 20 or much less in the bi-
sexual flowers. Fruiting peduncles 4-9 X 4-7 mm,
pedicles absent. Fruits obovoid to ovoid-oblong,
3,5-4.5 x 2.5-3 cm; gynophore 1-5 x 5-6 mm;
ripe carpels 10-13, rarely 1-4, ± connate, 1,8-
2,2 cm long; scars of perianth and stamens along

the torus 2-4 x 5-6 mm. Seeds ellipsoid to ovoid,
7-12 x 6-7 mm.

Distribution, CHINA. Guangdong: Kuyuan, Ko
S.P> 5 36 9 / , G u a ngdo ng Mu ca i Ya nji a Zu 32 ;
Yangchung, Liu J.1L 89847. Cuangxi: Da Miao Shan,
Lu Q.H. 2873; Jia Xian, Wang C 40158; Jin Xiu Xian,
Da Yao Shan Exped. 13429; Da Ming Shan, Cat CX
5470; Lin (ini, Deng \.F. 231; bong Sheng, Long Sheng
Exped. 130. Guizhou: Li Ping Xian, Yuan J.M. 332.
Hainan: Dong Fang Xian, Chen Y.lf. 7620; Fan Yah,
Chun N.K. & C.L. Tso 44041; Loktung, Lau S.K. 27375.
Hunan: Mang Shan, Li B.C et al. 59; Xin Ning, Liu
L.Y. 15146. Zhejiang: Tai Suan, Ching R.C. 2167.

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 800-1,100 rn.
Flowering April; fruiting September October.

Uses, Wood used for general construction work
and furniture.

Note. This variety is so similar to Magnolia
nitida that we do not distinguish them easily. In
general, variety lotungensis has elliptic to narrowly
elliptic leaves, fewer carpels, and the gynoecium
is hidden by the androecium. Unfortunately, suf-
ficient flowers of Magnolia nitida var. lotungensis
were not available for comparison to be made*

15c. Magnolia nitida var. robusta B. L. Chen
& Nooteboom, var. nov, TYPE: China. A imam,

Massif de Hi-doup, 17 Oct. 1940, alt. 2,000
in, Poilane 31030 (holotype, P; isotype, L).
Figure 1 .

A var. nitida differ t ramulis crassioribus sub iructibus
foliis gramlioribus petiolis longioribus.

Tree 25-30 m high, ca, 1 m diam,, glabrous;
young twigs ca. 3 mm diam., fruiting ones stout,
ca. 8 mm diam,, dull olive-brown, old ones quite
rough, longitudinally and transversely irregularly
fissured; terminal buds ovoid to ovoid-ellipsoid, ca.
15x5 mm- Stipules free from the petiole. Leaves
coriaceous, rigid, green, slightly glossy above,
greenish beneath, ovate-elliptic to ovate, 7-16.5
X 3.5-6.5 cm; apex acute to acuminate or obtuse,
base cuneate; midrib slightly prominent above, con-
spicuously elevated below, nerves visible on both
sides, in 12-15 pairs, reticulation coarse, promi-
nent on both sides. Petiole ± flat, dilatatc toward
the base, 1,6-4.7 cm long. In the male flower,
peduncle 10-13 x 6-7 mm, pedicle absent; tepals
not seen; scars of perianth and stamens ca. 10 x
6 mm. In the bisexual flower, peduncle ca, 5,2 X
9 mm, pedicle ca. 2 mm long; bracts 2, 2.2-3 cm
long; tepals 9, the outer 3 much larger than the
inner ones, the former ovate, ca. 2.5 x L5 cm,
the latter 6, 2.2 2.5 x L2 cm, spathulate, ob-
ovate to narrowly obovate, tapering toward the

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1017

1 cm

Figure L Magnolia nitida W. W. Smith var. rohusta B. L. Chen & Noot. — 1. Flowering branch,
bisexual flower. — 3, Terminal bud. — 4. Outer tepals. — 5. Inner tepals. — 6, Stamen. — ?. Carpel. -
male flower. Based on Podarie 31039 (P). Drawing by Joop Wessendorp, Rijksherbarium, Leiden.

-2. Deflorated
8. Deflorated

base, 2-2.5 x 0,5-1.2 cm; stamens 12-15 mm
long, connective appendage ca. 0.5 mm long, fil-
aments ca. 1 mm long; gynoecium narrowly ovoid,
ca. 8 mm long, hidden by the androecium, gyno-
phore 3-4 mm long; carpels 11-13, styles ca. 5
mm long. Fruiting peduncle 7-10 x 7-9 mm;
fruit ovoid to ovoid -oblong, 5-6.5 x 3.5 4 cm;

gynophore 2-8 x 6.5-8 mm; ripe carpels 11-
12, the dorsal face rhombic to elliptic, 1.7-2.7
cm long, 4-5 mm thick, apex short-beaked; scars
of perianth and stamens 6 7 x 8 10 mm.

Distribution, China and Vietnam. In CHINA. Gu-
angxi: in Shap Man Taai Shan, 1-16 Oct. 1934, W. T.

1018

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Tsang 24463. VIETNAM, Annatti: massif de Bi-doup,
23 Nov. 1914, ah. 2,000 m, Poiltuw 31039 (type); Binh
Tri Thien, 7 Oct. 1949, alt. 1,500 m, / E. tidal 1034 A.

Collectors note. In rocky thicket, woody;
flower yellow, fragrant.

Note. This variety is characterized by stout
twigs, especially the fruiting twigs* larger leaves,
longer petioles, whose length is usually less than 4
times that of the leaves, short peduncles, a few
carpels, a thick wall of mature carpels, and the
gynoecium hidden hy the androecium instead of
exceeding the androecium as in Magnolia nit id (i
var. nitida. The specimen from Guangxi hearing
smaller leaves, without any flowers or fruits, is here
treated as this variety based on the shape of the
leaves and the relative length of the Nude and the 1
petiole.

16. Magnolia omeiensis (Hu & Cheng) Dandy
in Praglowski, World Pollen & Spore Fl. 3:
5. 1974. Parakmeria omeiensis Hu & Cheng,
Acta Phytotax. Sim 1(1): 2. 1951. TYPE: if .
C Cheng I0r*2r* (holotype, PE; isotype, A).

Tree to 20 rn high and 40 cm diam., bark dark
gray; plant entirely glabrous; twigs 2-2.5 mm diarn.,
smooth, dull brown-black when dry. Stipules free
from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous, dark green,
shiny above, pale green beneath, narrowly elliptic,
7.5-12 x 2-4.5 cm; apex short-acuminate, some-
times acute, base narrowly cuneate; nerves fine,
in 8-10 pairs, reticulation coarse, hardly visible
on both sides. Petiole 1-2 cm long, without stipular
scars. Peduncle ca. 10 x 6 mm, pedicle absent.
Male flowers creamy white, tepals 12, the outer 3
thin, oblong, apex obtuse, ca. 3.8 x 1.3 cm, the
inner tepals 6, spathulate to obovate, 3.5-4.2 x
1-1,5 cm; stamens crimson, 2-2.2 cm long, an-
thers dehiscing introrsely, connective appendage
triangular, ca. 1.5 mm long, filaments ca. 7 mm
long; torus ovate -orbicular, 4 mm long-

Distribution, CHINA. Sichuan: Emei Shan, Cheng
W,C 10525, Chow H.C 12095.

Ecology. In evergreen broad -leaved forest.
Altitude: 1,000-1,200 m.

Note. Magn olia kach irach ira i , Magn olia
nitida, and Magnolia omeiensis, which all belong
to Magnolia sect. Cynopodium f can barely he
distinguished by their vegetative characters; the
knowledge of their flowers is still far from satis-
factory. Unfortunately, we were unable to see
enough material, especially collections with flowers.
1 lie delimitation of these species is obviously ob-
scure. Until more material is available they are
maintained as different species here.

Ia-5. Magnolia section Aicimandra (Dandy)

Nooteboorn, Blumea 31: 88. 1985. Alciman-
dra Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927: 260. 1927. TYPE
SPECIES: Magnolia cathvartii (Hook, f. &
Thomson) Noot.

Evergreen tree. Stipules free. Leaves evenly dis-
tributed; midrib not prominent above. Flowers bi-
sexual; tepals subequal; connective produced into
a short linguiform appendage; stamens with short
filaments and long anthers, completely hiding the
gynoecium; anthers dehiscing introrsely. Gynoe-
cium stipitate. Number of ovules per carpel 2-5.
Fruits at least finally consisting of free carpels,
which dehisce along the dorsal suture.

17. Magnolia cathcartii (Hook. f. & Thomson)
Nooteboorn, Blumea 31: 88. 1985. Michelia
cathcartii Hook. f. & Thomson, FL Ind. 1:
79, 1855. Sampaccn cathcartii (Hook. f. &
Thomson) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PL 1:6. 1891.
Alcimandra cathcartii (Hook. f. & Thomson)
Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927: 260. 1927. TYPE:
Sikkirn, ,/. 1). Hook. s.n. (holotype, K; iso-
types, A, GH, NY).

Tree to 25 m high and 50 cm diam.; young
twigs dark brown, slender, 1-2 mm diam., densely
appressed-pubescent with long, straight to ± un-
dulate or curly, yellowish to gray hairs, old ones
dull brown -gray, glabrescent, sparsely supplied with
conspicuously elevated, elliptic to suborbiculate,

white lenticels; terminal buds narrow! v ovoid, cov-

-

ered with an indumentum as young twigs, 0.6-2,5
cm long. Stipules hairy, free from the petiole. Leaves
coriaceous, dark green, shiny above, both sides
glabrous, ovate to elliptic-ovate, occasionally ob-
ovate, 6.5-17 x 3-5.6 cm; apex long-acuminate,
acumen 0.6-2 cm long, sometimes acute, base
obtuse to broadly cuneate; midrib densely pubes-
cent, glabrescent at both sides, nerves fine, prom-
inently elevated on both surfaces, in 12-15 pairs,
reticulation densely netted, visible on both sides
when dry. Petiole pubescent, glabrescent above,
0.2-2 cm long, without stipular scars. Peduncles
usually slender, rarely stout, ca. 15-20 X 2 mm,
glabrous, pedicles 0-4 mm long; tepals 9, white,
the outer 3 oblong, 5.5-6 X 2-2.5 cm, the inner
tepals 6, obovate-elliptic, ca. 5.5 X 2.5 cm; sta-
mens 3-4 cm long, anthers introrsely dehiscent,
connective appendage tonguelike, ca. 2 mm long,
filaments ca. 1 cm long; gynoecium stipitate, cy-
lindric, ca. 2 em long. Fruiting peduncles 15-35
x 2-4 nun. Fruits usually irregularly shaped, 3.5-
6.5 x 1.5 2 cm; ripe carpels 3-16, compressed-
subglobose, ca. 8-9 mm diarn., white-lentieellate;

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom

Magnoliaceae of China

1019

gynophore 5-8x2 4 mm; torus with the scars
of perianth and stamens 4-7 x 4-5 mm. Seeds
subellipsoid, ca. 8 x 7 mm.

Distribution. Sikkim, Assam, China, Upper Burma
to Vietnam. In CHINA. Southern & southeastern
Xizang: Yunnan, Jingdong Xian, Xu S.G, 5024; Kiu-
kiang Valley, Muchietu, Yu TJ\ 21016; Lan-Tsang Hsien,
Wang CW. 76855; Meng-soong, Dahineng-lung, Che-li
Hsien, 78440; Shangpa, Tsai HT. 58698; Wenshan,
Feng KM. 224 16.

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 1,800-2,800 m.
Flowering May; fruiting August-October.

Collector's notes. In mixed woods; flowers yel-
low-green; fruits green, blue to brown-green; seeds
black with orange-red fleshy coat.

lb. Magnolia subgenus Yulania (Spach) Rei-
chenbach, Per Deutscher Botanikcr 1: 192.
1841, Yulania Spach, Hist. Natur. Veget.,
Phanerog. 7: 462. 1839. Magnolia subg.
Pleurackasma Dandy, J. Roy. Hurt. Soc, 75:
161. 1950, TYPE species: Yulania conspicua
Spach = Magnolia heptapeta (Buchoz) Dan-
dy.

Leaves evenly distributed, deciduous; midrib not
prominent above. Flowers bisexual, precocious and/
or with a much reduced calyxlike outer whorl of
tepals; anthers dehiscing laterally or sublaterally,
connective produced into a short or long append-
age. Gynoecium not stipitate. Fruit cylindric or
oblong, usually ± distorted, at least finally con-
sisting of free carpels which dehisce along the dorsal
suture.

lb- 1 . Magnolia section Yulania (Spach) Dandy
in Camellias and Magnolias Conf. Report: 72.
1950.

Flowers appearing before the leaves (or some
late flowers with the leaves), pink, (greenish) white,
purple, or red, Tepals subequal.

Key to the Species of Magnolia
Section Yulania

1, Gynoecium 8-15 mm high. „„„. 2

1, Gynoecium 20-40 ram high. .„„„ 3

2(1). Twigs yellowish brown to black or gray-brown;

leaves not glaucous beneath, reticulation
coarse; flower purple or red; pedicle 12-15
x 5-6 mm. 22. Magnolia sargentiana

2, Twigs yellowish green turning reddish brown;
leaves glaucous beneath, reticulation fine;
flower white; pedicle 7-12 x 3-4 rum

,.. 20, Magnolia dawsoniana

3(1), Flower purple or red, .... 4

3, Flower pink or white 5

4(3). Tepals 7-8 cm long; stamens 15-17 mm long;
leaf base broadly cuneate or rounded, apex

short-acuminate; stipular scars 3-7 mm.

„..,.,_, 24. Magnolia zenii

4. Tepals 5-6-5 cm long; stamens 9-10 mm
long; leaf base cuneate, apex acuminate or
acute; stipular scars 1-3 mm .„„.

18. Magnolia amoena
5(3). Peduncle 25-30 mm long; fruiting peduncles

2.7-5 cm long. 19. Magnolia campbellii

5. Peduncle 10-20 mm long; fruiting peduncles

1-2 cm long. 6

6(5). Twigs glabrous; tepals 12; terminal winter buds
densely villous; reticulation of leaves distinct;
flowers appearing together or after the leaves;
filaments 5-7 mm long. 23. Magnolia sprrngeri

6. Twigs finely appressed-pubescent; tepals 9;
terminal winter buds sericeous; reticulation of
leaves rather obscure; flowers appearing be-
fore the leaves; filaments 3-4 mm long.

2 1 , Magnolia heptapeta

18, Magnolia amoena W. C. Cheng, Contr.
Biol. Lab. Sci, Soc. China Bot. Series 9: 280,
f. 28. 1933. type: S. Chen 2692, in flower
(lectotype, selected here, PE; isolectotype, A).

Deciduous tree to 12 m high; bark gray or gray-
white; young twigs 2-3 mm diam., slender, purple-
brown, glabrous; terminal buds white sericeous with
long hairs- Stipules adnate to the petiole, stipular
scars 1-3 mm long. Leaves thinly coriaceous, gla-
brous above, curly hairy with long white hairs along
the midrib, the nerves and at the junctions oi the
midrib and the nerves beneath, obovate to obovate-
elliptic, 10-15 x 3.5-5 cm; apex acute to cus-
pidate with a ca. 15-mmdong tip; base cuneate,
somewhat unequal; nerves in 10-13 pairs, nerves
and reticulations prominent on both sides; petiole
pubescent, 8-13 mm long. Flowers appearing be-
fore the leaves, fragrant, ca. 6 cm diam. Peduncles
6-8 x 4 mm, pedicles 3-4 X 4 mm, both densely
yellowish to white hairy. Tepals 9, subsimilar, red
to reddish, spathulate to oblanceolate, 5-6,5 cm
long; stamens ca. 9-10 mm, connective appendage
short-pointed, ca, 1 mm long, anthers dehiscing
laterally, filaments purple, ca. 3 mm long; gynoe-
cium cylindric, ca. 2 cm long, styles ca. 1 mm
long. Fruits cylindric, 4-6 cm long, often curved
as carpels partly abortive; fruiting peduncles long
white pubescent, ca. 10 x 4 mm; ripe carpels
oblong, apex rounded, papuliferous.

Distribution. CHINA. Southern Anhui: Huoshan,
Yin S.F. 14, Southern Jiangsu: Zhejiang, W Tien-
mushan, Cheng W.C. 4444 A.

Ecology. In forests. Altitude: 700-1,000 m.
Flowering April- May; fruiting September-Octo-
ber.

1020

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Note. The description was drawn from the
type specimen only. There are no other collections
available.

19. Magnolia cantpbellii Hook, f. & Thomson,
FL hid, 1: 77. 1855. TYPE: Sikkim, J. I).
Hook. & Thomson s.n. (holotype, K; isotypes,

(;h, NY),

Magnolia mollicomata W. W. Smith, Notes. Roy. Bot.
Card. Edinburgh 12: 21 L 1920. TYPE: Forrest
14466 (lectotype, selected here, E).

Deciduous tree to 30 rn high; hark gray-brown;
young twigs usually purple -brown, sometimes brown
to gray -green when dry, 4-7 mm diam., glabrous
or pubescent, later glabrescent; terminal winter
buds ovoid, yellowish sericeous. Stipules sparsely
or densely pubescent wiih short or long yellowish
hairs, adnate to the very base of the petiole, stipular
scars 3— 7(— 11) mm long. Leaves thinly charta-
ceous, dark green, glabrous above, pale green,
glabrous to scattered-pubescent with rather long,
straight, undulate, crisped and colorless hairs ev-
erywhere or along the midrib and nerves beneath,
elliptic, (broadly) ovate to obovate, 10-23(-33) x
4.5-10(-14) cm; apex rounded, acute, or short-
acuminate, base rounded or broadly cuneate, usu-
ally oblique; nerves prominent beneath, in 7 13
pairs. Petiole glabrous or yellowish pubescent, 2-
5 cm long. Peduncles glabrous to densely woolly
with yellowish hairs, 2.5-3 x 0,7-1 cm, pedicles
1.5-2,5 x 0.3-1 cm. Flowers large, 15-25 cm
diam., precocious, slightly fragrant; tepals 12-16,
white, or pale rose at the base outside to pink
outside, spathulate, oblong-ovate to -obovate,
abruptly constricted into a short claw near the base,
the outer 3 concave, outspread to reflexed, 6-14
x 4-8 cm, the innermost tepals 3, erect, conni-
vent, enclosing the androecinru and gynoeciuin, 8
10 x 4-6 cm; stamens 2-3 cm long, connective
appendage 0.5-1 mm long, anthers laterally de-
hiscent, filaments purple, minutely pubescent, 4-
9 mm long; gynoecium green, 2,5-4 cm long; scar
of perianth and stamens on torus ca. 1,5-2 cm
long. Fruiting peduncles 2,7-5 x 1-1,2 cm, ped-
icles 1,5-2.5 x 0.6-1.3 cm. Fruits erect, soon
pendent, cylindric, 8.5-17 cm long, ripe carpels
packed close to each other; scars of perianth and
stamens along the torus 1-2.2 x 1.3-1.5 cm.
Seeds 7-9 mm long.

Distribution. Northern India, Nepal, Bhutan, China,
northern Burma. In CHINA. Sichuan: Tsang ILL.
33747. Southern Xizang; Kingdon W f ard t\ 10365.
Western & northern Yunnan (Nujiang-Langchuanjian
divide of Weixi Xian, Nujiang divide of Ruili Xian), Salwin

Kui Chiang divide, Forrest 6\ 20841; Mekong- Salwin
divide, 28°15'N, 140; Southeastern Xizang border; Tsa-
rong, Rock J.F. 23066; Che-tse-lo, Tsui HT. 58573;
Duanqing, above Yangbi, Sino-British Exped* 166,

Ecology. In mixed forests . Altitude: 2,500-
3,500 m. Flowering March-May; fruiting Septem-
ber-October,

Uses. Cultivated as an ornamental plant be-
cause of its spectacular flowers.

Collector's notes. Deciduous shrub or tree;
leaves and bud-scales glabrous; flowers pure white,
exterior with purple marking at the base, creamy
white flushed purplish, creamy yellow, bright rose-
pink, pink, precocious, open cup-shaped, fragrant,
fleshy, filaments purple, anthers brown.

Note. We agree with Dandy that there is no
dear separation between Magnolia eamphcllii and
Magnolia mollicomata (see Dandy, 1928a). The
species is misidentified as Magnolia rust rata by
W + W. Smith (1920),

Magnolia grandiflora (non, L., 1759) is the
name used by Griffith (1847) for this species.

20. Magnolia dawsoniana Rehder & E, H.
Wilson in Sarg., PL Wilson I: 397, 1913.
TYPE: E. II Wilson 1241 (holotype, A; iso-
types, BM, K, US).

Deciduous tree to 20 m high and 50 cm diam.;
twigs yellowish green, turning reddish brown later,
glabrous to sparsely pubescent at 1-3 nodes or
internodes below the peduncles, lenticellate. Stip-
ules appressed-pubeseent, adnate to very base of
the petiole, stipular sears 3-4 mm long. Leaves
coriaceous, dark green, glossy, glabrous above,
glaucous, usually pubescent with slightly curly, cob
orless hairs at the junctions between the midrib
and nerves and along the veins beneath, obovate,
sometimes broadly obovate-elliptic, 7.5-14(-17)
x 4,5-8 cm; apex rounded to acute, rarely emar-
ginate, base cuneate to sub rounded, usually oblique;
midrib impressed above, prominent and becoming
brown when dry beneath, nerves conspicuously
elevated beneath, in 8-10 pairs, reticulation
coarsely netted, prominent, on both sides. Petiole
glabrous to minutely pubescent, slender, usually
reddish, 1.5-3 cm long. Peduncles glabrous or ±
pubescent, 1.5-2 x 0.4-0.7 cm, pedicles 7-12
x 3-4 mm; bracts 2, sparsely yellowish pubescent.
Flowers precocious, fragrant, usually horizontal,
nodding later; tepals 9-12, white, tinged with pale
red outside, subequal, oblong-spathulate to ob-
ovate-oblong, 7-11 x 2-5 cm; stamens purple-
red, 1 - 1 .8 cm long, anthers laterally or sublaterally
dehiscent, connective appendage triangular, ca. 1

Volume 80 y Number 4
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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1021

mm long, filaments 2.5-3 mm long, gynoecium
ca. 1 .5 cm; scar of perianth and stamens on torus
ca. 8 x 6 mm. Fruiting peduncles ca. 2.2 x 1
cm, pedicles 0.7-1 x 0.7-0.8 cm. Fruits cylindric,
slightly contorted as carpels partly abortive, ca.
10.5 x 3 cm; ripe carpels obovate, sparsely len-
ticellate, apically short-beaked. Seeds oblong, ca.
1 cm long.

Distribution. CHINA. Central and southern Si-
chuan: Lu Ding Xian, Qiao H.R. 1010; Mr. Tachien
lu, Wilson EH. 124 L Northern Yunnan.

In broad-leaved forest, Altitude:
1,600-2,500 m. Flowering April-May; fruiting
September.

Uses. Bark used for medicinal purposes.

21. Magnolia heptapeta (Buc'hoz) Dandy, J.
Bot. 72: 103. 1934. Lassonia heptapeta
Buc'hoz, PI. Nouv. Decouv. 21, t. 19, f. L
1779. type: f, 1 of t. 19 (Buc'hoz, 1779).

Magnolia denudata Desr. in Lam. Encycl. 3: 675. 1792.
Magnolia ohovata Thunb., Trans. Linn, Soc. Lon-
don 2: 336, 1794. Magnolia ohovata [var.] a de-
nudata (Desr.) DC, Syst, Nat. 1: 457, comb, illeg.
1817, type: t. 43, Mokkwuren 1 (Banks, 1791, in
BM).

Magnolia conspicua Salisb.* Parad. Lund. 1: 38, t. 38.
1806. Yulania conspicua (Salisb.) Spach, Hist. Nat.
Veg. 7: 464. 1839. typei Salisb. t. 38.

Magnolia yulan Desf., Hist. Arbr. France 2: 6. 1809,
Michelia yulan (Desf.) Kostel., Allg. Med.-Pharm.
Fl. 5: 1700. 1836. Gwdlimia yulan (Desf.) C. de
Vos, Handb. Boom. Heest. ed. 2: 116. 1887. type:
not known.

Deciduous tree to 20 rn high and 60 cm diam.;
bark dark gray, rough and fissured; young twigs
3-7 mm diam,, purple -brown, finely ap pressed -
pubescent, later glabrescent, smooth, sparsely white-
lenticellate; terminal winter buds ovoid, densely
hairy with long, silky hairs. Stipules sparsely or
densely yellowish pubescent, adnate to the base of
the petiole, scars 1-4 mm long. Leaves thinly
chartaceous, dark green, glabrous to pubescent
with straight or slightly undulate hairs along the
midrib and nerves or short-scattered-pubescent on
the surfaces above, pale green, sparsely to densely
pubescent with short or rather long, straight or
curly, colorless hairs everywhere or only along the
midrib and nerves beneath, obovate to broadly
obovate, 8-17. 5(-2 1.5) x 5-10. 5(-16) cm; apex
rounded to truncate, abruptly short-acuminate,
acumen 1-15 mm long, base cuneate or rounded;
midrib and nerves visible on both sides, nerves in
7-10 pairs, reticulation coarse, obscured. Petiole

appressed-pubescent, glabrescent, 1,3-2.5 cm long.
Flowers appearing before the leaves, erect, fra-
grant, 10-12 cm diam., peduncles 12-20 x 5-
7 mm, densely appressed-villous with yellowish
hairs, pedicles 4-6 mm long; tepals 9, white, some-
times tinged with purple outside at the base, sub-
similar, obovate to spathulate, 6-12 x 2-6 cm;
stamens purplish, 10-13 mm long, anthers de-
hiscing sublaterally, connective appendage narrow-
ly triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments 3-4 mm
long; gynoecium cylindric, glabrous, 2-2.5 cm long.
Fruiting peduncles 12-20 x 6-9 mm. Fruits cy-
lindric, straight or distorted by the abortive carpels,
7.5-15 x 2.5-5 cm; ripe carpels 1-2 cm long,
usually white-lenticellate, papuliferous outside,
hardly beaked; scars of perianth and stamens along
the torus 7-12 x 6-10 mm. Seeds obliquely ovoid
to broadly ovoid, ca. 9 x 10 mm*

Distribution. CHINA. Anhui: Chiu Hwa Shan, Fan
C.S. & Y.Y. Li 261. Fujian: Hinghwa, Lin Pi 6488.
Guangdong: Heungshan, Chun W.Y. 69; Yuyuen, La-
mont J. 53089. Cuangxi: Quangxian, Chen Y.L. 192.
Guizhou: Gui Yang, Qian Bei Exped. 89. Hunan:
Yang shan, Changning Hsien, Fan CS\ & Y.Y. Li 191.
Jiangxi: Kuling, Chiao C.Y. 18702; Lu shan, Steward
A.i\, 4730, Jiangsu: Sukow, Haichow, Hers J 622.
Zhejiang: Kwatou, 40 li N of Siachu, Ching R.C. 1602;
Mo Kan Shan, Cheo & Wilson 12746; Tien Mu Shan,
Law Y.W, 1385; Tsing yuan distr., Keng YL. 453.

I ses. The straight -grained and fine-textured
wood is used for furniture and boards; flower buds
for medicinal purposes and the extraction of volatile
oil; the tree as an ornamental.

Collector's notes. Bark brownish gray peeling
off in thick plates; flowers white? tinged purple at
base; fruits green.

Notes. Ueda (1986) gave an account of the
complicated synonymy. Formerly, this species was
known under the name Magnolia denudata Desr,,
but Dandy (1934) changed the name to the older
synonym Magnolia heptapeta, based on Lassonia
heptapeta Buc'hoz. Meyer & McClintock (1987)
argued that the names Magnolia heptapeta and
Magnolia quinquepeta should be rejected because
their types, artistic impressions of the species, are
"entirely without botanical credibility. 1 * Ueda
(1986), but also Treseder (1978), in his standard
work on cultivated Magnolias, accepted both names.
The nomenclature specialists I consulted agreed
that the names heptapeta and quinquepeta should
be used, "otherwise many other names should be
rejected too" (H. P. Nooteboom). Magnolia precia
Correa ex Vent., nomen nudum (Ventenat, 1806),
belongs here.

1022

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

22, Magnolia sargentiana Rehder & E. H,
Wilson in Sarg., PL Wilson. 1: 398. 1913.
TYPE: /<;. // + WVson 9/ ?(holotype, A; isotypes,

BM, E, GH, K, US).

Magnolia conspicua var. emarginata Finet & Gagnep,,
Bull. Soe. Dot. France (Memoires) 4: 38. 1905.
Magnolia denudata var. emarginata Pamp,, Bull.
Soc. Tosc. Ortic. 20: 200. 1915. Magnolia emar-
ginata (Finet & Gagnep.) Cheng, J, Bot. Soc. China
1, 3: 298. 1934. type: David s.n. (holotype, P).

Magnolia sargentiana var. robust a Rehder & E. H.
Wilson in Sarg., PL Wilson. 1: 399. 1913. type:
E. H. Wilson 923a (holotype, A; isotypes, K, US).

Deciduous tree to 20 m high and 25 cm diam.;
young twigs 4-7 mm diani., yellow-brown, black-
brown to gray-brown, glabrous; terminal winter
buds ovoid, densely yellowish villous with silky, long
hairs, ca, 2.7 cm long. Stipules sparsely to densely
appressed-pubest ent, adnate to lower base of the
petiole, stipular scars 2-5 mm long. Leaves thin-
coriaceous, dull green, glabrous, glossy above; pale
green> densely appressed -pubescent with rather
long, undulate to crisped, colorless hairs, sometimes
seemingly glabrous when covered with minutely
scattered hairs below; usually inequilateral, ob-
ovate, rarely broadlv obovate, sometimes elliptic,
10.5-17.5(^22. 5) x 5-10(-12) cm; apex acute
to rounded, sometimes emarginate or truncate, base
usually oblique, cuneate to broadly cuneate; midrib
and nerves conspicuously elevated beneath, nerves
in 8-12 pairs, reticulation coarsely netted, visible
above. Petiole glabrous, 1 .5-3.2(-4.7) cm long.
Flowers precocious, slightly fragrant, horizontal or
nodding, 15-20 cm diarn. when fully open; pe-
duncle 20-23 x 6-7 mm, pedicle 12-15 x 5-
6 mm (but absent in fLT. Tsai 51831), glabrous
to densely yellowish villous; tepals 10-12, subsirni-
lar, purplish red outside and white to pale rose
inside, spathulate to obovate, with narrow base,
6.5-9.5 x 2-3 cm; stamens purplish, 14-17 mm
long, anthers dehiscing sublaterally, connective ap-
pendage triangular, ca, 1 mm long, filaments 3-
4 mm long; gynoecium green, cylindric, 8-12 X
3 mm; carpels many. Fruiting peduncles glabrous
to hairy, ea. 2-3.5 x 1 cm, pedicles 1.2-2,2 x
0.6-1 cm. Fruits cylindric, 3-20.5 x 1.5—2,5
cm, erect to curved; ripe carpels subglofaose, 7-
22 mm long, apex short -beaked; torus with scars
of perianth and stamens 1,2-1,5 x 1-1,2 cm.
Seeds subcordate, 8-12 x 7-10 mm.

Distribution. CHINA. Sichuan: Wa shan, Wilson
E.IL 914; Tian Quan, Tsang H.L 34828; near Xizang
border, Pratt A.E. 798; Mt. Omei, Chow H.C 9777;
O-pien hsien, Liu K.S. 2191; Paohsing hsien, Out KL.
3<KM. Yunnan: her wren Tsian and la Ruaru Tsai II C
50843; Wen-shan Hsien > 51831.

Ecology. In broad -leaved forest. Altitude:
1,600-2*500 m. Flowering April-May; fruiting

September.

Uses. Bark for medicinal purposes.

Note. Magnolia sargentiana var, robusta dif-
fers from Magnolia sargentiana var. sargentiana
in its larger leaves and bigger flowers and fruits.
Except for this difference in size, we could not find
any characters to distinguish them. The variety.
therefore, is here abolished.

23. Magnolia sprengeri Painpanini, Nuovo
Giorn, Bot. ItaL 22: 295. 1915. TYPE: Sil-
veslri 4104 (holotype, FF not seen).

Magnolia denudata Desr. var. purpurascens Rehder &
E. H. Wilson in Sarg., PL Wilson 1: 401, 1913.
Magnolia conspicua var, purpurascens sensu Bean,
Kew Bull. 1920: 119, 1920. type: Wilton 373
(lectotype, selected here, A; isolectotypes, E, K, US),

Magnolia diva Stapf ex Dandy in Millais, Magnolias 120.
1927. Magnolia sprengeri var. diva Stapf, Bot,
Mag. (Curtis) 153: t. 9116, 1927. TYPE: E. II.
Wilson 21 (lectotype, selected here, K; isolecto-
types, A, K, NY).

Magnolia denudata Desr. var. elongata Rehder & E.
H. Wilson in Sarg., PL Wilson 1: 402 sub t. 91 16.
1913. Magnolia sprengeri var, elongata (Rehder
& E. HL Wilson) Johnstone, Asiatic Magnolias in
Cultivation: 87. 1955. type: £ H. Wilson 345
(holotype, A; isotypes, E, GH, K, US).

Deciduous tree to 20 m high and 18 cm diam,;
bark black-gray, falling in small flakes when old;
young twigs 3-5 mm diam., yellow to yellow-brown,
becoming purple-brown later, glabrous and sparsely
lenticellate, old twigs gray-black, fissured; terminal
winter buds broadly ovoid, 2.8 3 x 1.8 2.4 em,
densely yellowish villous with straight and silky
hairs. Stipules densely pubescent with appressed
yellowish white hairs, glabrescent, adnate to the
base of the petiole, scars 1— 2(— 13) mm long. Leaves
coriaceous, dark green, glabrous to sparsely pu-
bescent along the midrib and nerves above; pale
green, glabrous to appressed-puhescent with fine,
short, straight and colorless hairs over the entire
surface or covered with long hairs along the midrib
only, glabrescent beneath; obovate to narrowly ob-
ovate, 7-14.5(-22) x 2.5-7. 5(-15) cm; apex
rounded, sometimes truncate and short-acuminate
with 5-15-mm-long acumen, base cuneate to nar-
rowly cuneate; midrib and nerves conspicuously
elevated below, the latter in 6-8 pairs, reticulation
coarse, visible on both sides. Petiole slender, gla-
brous or villous near the base of the blades, 1-3.5
em long. Peduncles yellowish sericeous with straight
hairs, glabrescent, stout, 10 17 x 6-8 mm, ped-
icles 4-8 x 4-5 mm. Mowers appearing together

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1023

with the leaves, saucer-shaped, fragrant, erect, to
20 cm cliarn. when fully open; tepals 12(-14),
subsimilar, spathulate to oblong-obovate, 5- 1 2(~ 1 4)
x 1.5— 4(— 6.5) cm, pure white or sometimes with
red at the base, rose outside and white inside with
flush of red to purple-striate; stamens red, numer-
ous, 1,5-1.7 cm long, anthers sublaterally dehisc-
ing, connective appendage triangular, 1 -2 mm long,
filaments 5-7 mm long; gynoecium cylindric 2-
2.5 x 0.3-0.4 cm, carpels ellipsoid. Fruiting pe-
duncles 10-20 x 7-9 mm, pedicles 4-9 x 5-6
mm. Fruits cvlindric and often distorted by the
abortive carpels, 6-10 cm long, ripe carpels with-
out beak, 7-15 mm long. Seeds subovoid to sub-
cordiform, 8-12 X 7-9 mm, torus with the scars
of perianth and stamens 8-10 x 8-10 mm.

Distribution. CHINA. Guizhou: Lei Gong Shan, Li
)\K. 8921. Henan: Lushih, Laa kiun shan, Hers J 1 139.
Hubei: Changyang Hsien, Wilson E.H. 444; Hsing shan
hsien, 37,3; Ichang, Henry A 2522; Patung hsien, Chow
H.C* 334. Hubei-Sichuan (Metasequoia area);
Cheng W-C. & CT. Hwa 1049; Shennongjia forest ilistr.,
Duanjiangping, Sino-Amer. Hot* Exped, 1 181. Sichuan:
Tchen Keou Tin, Farges R.P. 94; Chin Fu Shan, Pel C,
10242; Mt. Omei, Liu KS. 1174. Yunnan; Likiang,
Ching R.C. 21681. Also recorded from Shaanxi and
southern Gansu*

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved or mixed
forests. Altitude: 1,200-2,000 m. Flowering
March; fruiting June-July.

Uses. Flowers and hark used for medicinal
purposes; the tree is cultivated as an ornamental.

24. Magnolia zenii Cheng, Contr. BioL Lab. Sci.
Soc. China, Bot. Series 8: 291, f. 20. 1933.
TYPE: W. C. Cheng 4233 (holotype, PE).

Magnolia elliptilimba Law & Gao, Bull, Bot. Res. (China)
4(4): 190, t. 1. 1984. TYPE: China. Henan: Nanzhao
Xian, 12 Mar., 1983, alt. 400 800 m, Z. K Gao
0129 (in Herb. Henan Inst. Biol, not seen).

Deciduous tree to 7 m high; bark gray, smooth;
young twigs purple-brown, glabrous, sparsely len-
ticellate. Terminal winter buds narrowly ovoid,
densely sericeous with long hairs. Stipules hairy,
adnate to the base of the petiole, scars 3-7 mm
long. Leaves chartaceous, dull ^reen, glabrous
above; pale green, covered with curly, long hairs
along midrib and nerves beneath; obovate, 7-16
x 3-7 cm; apex abruptly short-acuminate, base
broadly cuneate to blunt; nerves in 8-12 pairs.
Petiole villous, glabrescent, 6-15 mm long. Flow*
ers precocious, cup-shaped, fragrant, 10-12 cm
diam., peduncles densely long-hairy, 2-8 mm long;
tepals 9-12, subequal, spathulate, 7-8 x 3-4 cm,
at first purple- red, becoming white above the mid-

dle and purplish toward the base when fully open,
the inner tepals 6, narrow; stamens purple, 1 .5-
1 .7 cm long, anthers dehiscing laterally, connective
appendage triangular, ca. 1 mm long; filaments ca.
4 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, ca, 2 cm long,
carpels ca. 4 mm. Fruits cylindric, 5-20 x 1-2*5
cm; ripe carpels suhglobose, papuliferous, apex ob-
tuse.

Distribution. CHINA. Henan: Nan Zhao Xian, Gao
Z.Y. 126; Kiangsu, Paoehuashan, Cheng W.C. 4233.

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 250-300 m.
Flowering April-May; fruiting August-September.

Uses. Tree cultivated as an ornamental.

.Xotc. Only the type specimen of Magnolia
zenii was available. We have not seen the type of
Magnolia elliptilimba, but we reduce it to syn-
onymy of M. zenii based on the description and
the geographic distribution.

Ib-2, Magnolia section Buerger ia (Siebold &
Zuccarini) Dandy in Camellias and Magnolias
Conf. Report: 73. 1950. Biter geria Siebold
& Zucc, Abh. Math.-Phys. CI. Kon, Bayer.
Ak. Wiss. 4, 2; 186. 1840. typk species:
Magnolia stellate (Siebold & Zucc\) Maxim.
{Buergeria stellata Siebold & Zucc).

Flowers appearing before the leaves (or with the
leaves), pink (inner tepals sometimes tinged with
rose or purple). Tepals very unequal, those of the
outer whorl calycoidL

Key to the Specjes of Magnolia
Section Buergeria

1

1.

2( 1 ).

3(2).

3.

25.

Inner tepals 4-5 cm long; connective ap-
pendage of anthers 2-3 mm long; filaments
2.5-3.5 mm; peduncles 7-11 x 4-5 mm. ..

...„.„ 25. Magnolia biondii

Inner tepals 3,2-10 cm; connective append-
age of anthers 0.5-1 mm long; filaments 2-

5 mm long; peduncles 2-12 x 2-5 mm. 2

Peduncles 2 10 x 2 3 mm; inner tepals 3.2-

9 cm , 3

Peduncles 10-12 x % T> mm; inner tepals
6.5-10 cm; connective appendage of anthers
1 mm; filament 3 mm- 26. Magnolia cylindrica
Inner tepals 5-9 cm; connective appendage

of anther 0.5 mm; filament 2 mm.

„ , ..„ 27. Magnolia kobus

Inner tepals 3.2-6.5 cm; connective append-
age of anther 1 mm; filament 2-5 mm.

_ 28. Magnolia stellata

Magnolia biondii Painpanini in Nuovo,
Giorn. Bot. Ital. 17: 275. 1910. SYNTYPES:
Scia-men-kvu, ca. 900 m alt.. Parol, 734,
734a (not seen).

1024

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Magnolia conspicua Salisb. var, fargesii Finet & Gag-
nep., Bull, Soc. Bot. France (Memo-ires) 4: 38. 1905.
Magnolia denudaia Desr. var. fargesii (Finet &
Gagnep.) Pamp., Bull. Soc. Tosc. Qrtic. 20: 200
1915. Magnolia fargesii (Finet & Gagnep.) Cheng,
J. Bot. Soc. China 1, 3: 296. 1934. TYPE: Farges
1300 (holotype, P; isotype, K).

Magnolia aulacosperma Rehder & E, H. Wilson in Sarg.,
PL Wilson. 1: 396, 408. 1913. type: E. Wilson
361 (holotype, A; isotypes, K, US).

Magnolia hiondii f. purpurascens Law & Gao„ BulL Hot.
Res, (China) 4(4); 192, t, 2, 1984. TYPE: Gao, Z.
K 0122 (in Herb. Henan Inst. Biol.}.

Deciduous tree to 12 m high and 60 cm diani.;
Lark pule gray, smooth; twigs slender, glabrous to
appressed-pubescent, glabrescent; terminal winter
buds ovate, densely yellowish villous. Stipules yel-
lowish to white pubescent with short hairs, adnate
to the lower base of the petiole, stipular scars 1-

4 mm long. Leaves chartaceous, dull green above,
pale green* usually pubescent with long, straight,
undulate, crisped and colorless hairs along the mid-
rib and nerves to glabrous beneath, ovate, narrowly
obovate-elliptic to oblong-elliptic, rarely oblanceo-
late, 10—21.7 x 3.5-11 cm; apex acute to acu-
minate, base cuneate to rounded; nerves in 10-
15 pairs. Petiole 12 cm long. Peduncles 7-11
x 4-5 mm, densely pubescent with long, yellowish
hairs, pedicles very short, ca. 2 mm long. Flowers
precocious, 6 8 cm diam., fragrant; tcpals 9, the
outer 3 nearly linear, 8- 1 1 mm long, the inner
tepals 6, white, spathulate, 4-5 x 1,3-2,5 cm,
the innermost ones smaller than the others, abaxial
faces tinged with purple at the base; stamens 8-
10 mm long, connective appendage 2-3 mm long,
filaments thick, purple outside, white inside, 2.5-
3.5 mm long. Fruits cylindric, ± contorted, 6-
14.5 cm long; fruiting peduncles ± pubescent,
glabrescent, 1 1.2 x 0.6 cm, pedicles 4-6 mm
long; ripe carpels black, globose, compressed lat-
erally, densely papuliferous, scars of perianth and
stamens along the torus 9-10 x 6-7 mm.

Distribution. CHINA. Henan: Yudong Xtaiu Parka
Biaohen 23252; Lushin, Tungho, Hers J 991; Sunghsien,
Sankuanmiao, 54 1; Yungning, Tsi Li Ping, 1343. Hu-
bei: Li-chuan, Tuan-Pao-Shih, Hwa C.T. 104; Liang
Dung Conn, Chun W, Y. 4409. Shaanxi: Nanwutai forest

5 of Hsingan (Si-an), Fenzel G. 2893, 295 L Sichuan:
Wan-Hsien, Mou-Tao-Chi, Kan-Tsao-Ping, Hwa C.T. 65;
Tchen Keou Tin, Farges R.P. 1300, Also reported from
Gansu (W. Qinling) and Shaanxi (Dabashan).

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 400-2,000 m.
Flowering March; fruiting September.

Uses. Wood used for furniture and general
construction work; flower buds for medicine, flow-
ers for volatile oil; tree grown as an ornamental.

Collector's notes. Bud silky; flowers white;
Iruits purplish red tinged*

\otc. Several new species and varieties of
Magnolia were recently published in Henan. Their
descriptions basically fit in Magnolia hiondii. Un-
fortunately, we have 1 not seen their type specimens
or other collections; therefore, we have dealt with
them under "Dubious Species. 1 " Pavolini (1908)
misidentified this species as Magnolia ohovata
Thunb,

26. Magnolia eylindriea K. H. Wilson, J. Ar-
nold Arbor. 8: 109. 1927. TYPE: /?. C. Clung
2949 (holotype, A; isotypes, E, K, US),

Deciduous tree to 10 rn high; bark white-gray,
smooth; young twigs purple-brown to dark purple,
yellowish appressed-pubescent, sometimes gla-
brous; terminal winter buds ovate, yellowish seri-
ceous with long hairs. Stipules densely pubescent,
adnate to the petiole, stipular scars 2-7(-9) mm
long. Leaves chartaceous to subcoriaceous, dark
bright green, glabrous above, greenish, appressed-
pubescent with fine, short, straight, and colorless
hairs beneath, elliptic, narrow r ly obovate-elliptic,
narrowly obovate to obovate, 8-15 x 3-9 cm;
apex acute to short-acuminate, base cuneate or
narrowly cuneate; nerves fine, prominent below, in
8 11 pairs. Petiole with same indument as young
twigs, 7-10( 24) mm long. Peduncles densely yel-
lowish villous, 1-1.2 x 0.4-0.5 cm, pedicles 5-
6x2-3 mm long; bracts 2, gray-pubescent out-
side. Flowers precocious; tepals 9, the outer 3
subulate, 2-2.5 x 0.5- 1 cm, the inner tepals 6,
white, tinged pale rose outside at the base, broadly
spathulate to obovate, 6.5-10 x 2,5-4.5 cm, the
innermost 3 tepals erect; stamens ca. 7 mm long,
anthers laterally dehiscent, connective appendage
triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments purple, gla-
brous, ca* 3 mm long; gynoecium green, cylindric,
ca. 1,2 cm long. Fruiting peduncles pubescent, 1
1.5 x 0.5-0.6 cm, pedicles 5-10x4 mm. Fruits
cylindric, 5-7.5 x 1.8-2.5 cm, pendulous.

Distribution. CHINA. Anhui: Bai Ma Zhai, Lan Ni
Ao, Jonzhai, Yaa K. 9006; Wang Shan, Ching R.C.
2949. Fujian: near Zhejiang border, Ching R.C, 2501.
Also reported from northern Jiangxi and western Zhejiang.

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 300-800 m.
Flowering May-June; fruiting August September.

27. Magnolia kobus DC, nom. cons, prop., Syst.
Nat. 1: 456. 1817. Magnolia glaum var. a
Thunh., Fl. Jap.: 236, 378, 1784b. Magnolia
tomentosa Thunb., Trans. Linn. Soc. London.

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1025

2: 236. 1794a. Yu Ionia hob us (DC) Spach,
Hist. Veg. 7: 467. 1839, TYPK: Kaempfer
(leetotype, selected by Rehder (1930), BM).

Magnolia precocissima Koidz., Bat, Mag. (Tokyo) 43:
386, 1929. Buergeria obovata Siebold. & Zuce.
(non Magnolia obovata Thunb. 1794), Abb. Math.-
Fhys. CI. KonigL Bayer. Akad. Wiss. 4, 2: 187.
1845. type: Von Siebold, left half of 'L-908-126-
1027 (lectotype, selected by Koidzumi (1929), L.).

This specimen has disappeared in the Leiden Herbar-
ium. Ueda (1985) provided a photo of it, and as long as
the specimen has not been found, that is the only trace
of a type,

Deciduous tree to 20 m high, often branching
near the base; bark gray, rough, fissured; young
twigs 1 .5 3 nun diam., green, soon turning purple-
brown, glabrous or somewhat puherulent; terminal
buds ovate, yellow-sericeous with long hairs. Stip-
ules adnate to the base of the petiole, stipular scars
3~7(-10) mm long. Leaves dark green, white pu-
bescent at the base of midrib above, gray -green,
white pubescent along the nerves and at junctions
with the nerves beneath, obovat e-elliptic, ca. 8-
17 x 3.5-9.5(-l 1) cm; apex abruptly acuminate,
base narrowly cuneate, slightly dec ur rent; midrib
and nerves impressed when dry above; nerves in
8-12 pairs, margin slightly undulate. Petiole white
villous, ca. 1-2.6 crn. Flowers appearing before
the leaves, white, fragrant; peduncles 7-10 x 2-
2.5 mm, glabrous to hairy on nodes, pedicles 1.4-
4 mm long; bracts 2-3, pubescent outside; flower
buds narrowly ovate, flowers ca, 9-10 cm diam.
when fully open, tepals 9, outer tepals 3, greenish
or white, triangular-linear, 5-15 X 2-3 mm, inner
tepals white, sometimes flushed wilh red at the
base, spathulate, ca, 5-7(-9) X 1.5-3 cm; sta-
mens ca. 8-10 mm long, anthers dehiscing la-
trorsely or sublatrorsely, filaments red, ca. 2 mm;
connective appendage triangular, ca. 0.5 mm long;
gynoecium green, cylindric, ca. 1 1.5 cm long.
Fruiting peduncles 8-10 x 3-6 mm, pedicles 6-
9 x 3-4 mm. Fruits cylindric, 3.5-11 cm, often
contorted by sterile carpels; carpels nearly oblong,
white lenticellate. Scars of perianth and stamens
5-6 x 3-5 mm. Seeds subglobose, 10 9 x 9-8
mm.

Distribution, Native of Japan and southern Korea,
cultivated in Qingdao, Nanjing, and Hangzhou*

Uses. Wood used for general construction work
and furniture, tree grown as an ornamental.

Note. The Kaernpfer collection of Magnolia
named "kobus," from which Kaernpfer t. 42 (1791)
is drawn, forms the main part of the protologue of

Thunberg's (1784b) Magnolia glauca var. a.
Magnolia tomentosa Thunb. (1794a) is based on
Magnolia glauca Thunb. var. a, with citation of
Kaempfer t, 42. So far there is no doubt about
the identity of Magnolia tomentosa, especially be-
cause Thunberg visited London and studied
Kaempfer's collections and drawings. But Thun-
berg (1794b) published a list of specimens kept in
UPS, which includes Magnolia tomentosa; this
name is, in his handwriting, written on sheet num-
ber 12887. This specimen, however, appears to
be Magnolia stellata. If Ueda's (1986) interpre-
tation, that Thunberg himself selected number
12887 as the type of Magnolia tomentosa, is
correct. Magnolia tomentosa becomes the legiti-
mate name for Magnolia stellata. The latter name
is then superfluous. Thunberg (1805) also pub-
lished a drawing of sheet number 12887, with the
name Magnolia tomentosa but without a descrip-
tion. This has commonly been cited as Magnolia
tomentosa Thunb. (1805), non Thunb. (1794a),

De Candolle (1817), when describing Magnolia
kobus, cited Banks ic. Kaernpfer L 42 first in the
protologue, and then Magnolia glauca Thunb.
var. Of. He cited Magnolia tomentosa Thunb. with
a question mark, l)e Candolle also cited Magnolia
gracilis Salisb. Salisbury (1806) described Mag-
nolia gracilis with an excellent figure based on a
collection that was sent to De Candolle and is kept
in G-DC. This collection appears to be Magnolia
quinquepeta. However, because Salisbury cited
Magnolia tomentosa without excluding its type,
Magnolia gracilis is a superfluous name of Mag-
nolia tomentosa. De Candolle, possibly not know-
ing what Magnolia tomentosa was, gave a new
name to Magnolia gracilis Salisb.; Magnolia ho-
lms DC. Because De Candolle cited Magnolia to-
mentosa with a question mark, il could be assumed
that he excluded the type of that species, and that
Magnolia kobus DC. is a superfluous name ol
Magnolia quinquepeta (Buc'hoz) Dandy (1931),
based on Lassonia quinquepeta BucTioz (1779).
This was Ueda's (1985, 1986) opinion, and Koid-
zumfs (1929). Koidzumi assumed that the type of
Magnolia gracilis Salisb. was also the type of
Magnolia kobus DC, He therefore adopted a no-
men novum, Magnolia praecossima, for the spe-
cies up to then known as Magnolia kohus. His
name was based on a synonym, Buergeria obovata
Siebold. & Zucc, (non Magnolia obovata Thunb.,
1794a). However, it is also possible to exclude
Magnolia gracilis Salisb. from Magnolia kobus
DC. Then the latter is typified with the type of
Magnolia tomentosa Thunb.

1026

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

In that case there are two possibilities. If Mag-
nolia tomentosa Thunb. is lectotypified with Thun-
berg 12887 \ Magnolia kobus DC. is a superfluous
name for Magnolia tomentosa Thunb. and is the
species hitherto known as Magnolia Stella t a (Sie-
bold & Zucc.) Maxim. (1872), based on Buergeria
stellata Siebold & Zucc. (1845). As pointed out
above, Magnolia stellata is then a superfluous
name for Magnolia tomentosa Thunb. If Mag-
nolia tomentosa Thunb. is lectotypified with the
collection of Kaempier, as done by Rehder (1930),
Magnolia kobus DC. is a superfluous name lor
Magnolia tomentosa Thunb. This is rejected by
Ueda (1986), who stated thai Rehder's lectotypi-
fication was contrary to the rules because he would
have selected it mechanically. Because Rehder gave
ample justification for his choice, we reject that he
chose mechanically. We accept Magnolia kobus
DC. as the name for this species, and we propose
both Magnolia kobus and Magnolia stellata be
conserved*

28. Magnolia stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Max-
im., nom. cons, propos,, Bull. Acad. Sci. St.-
Petersburg 17: 419. 1872. Magnolia kobus
DC. f, stellata (Siebold & Zucc.) Blackb.,
Popul. Card. 5, 3: 68. 1954. Magnolia kobus
var, stellata, Blackb., Amatores. Herb. 1 7: 2.
1955. Buergeria stellata Siebold & Zucc,
Abh. Math.-Phys. CI. Konigl. Bayer. Akad.
Wiss. 4, 2: 186, t. Ha. 1845, Talauma stel-
lata (Siebold & Zucc) Miq., Ann. Mus. Bot.
Lugduno-Batavum 2: 257. 1866. TYPE: Von
Siebold L-908- 1 26-701, -750 (L not seen).

The type was photographed at L for Ueda's
(1985) publication. The specimen had not yet been
incorporated in the family at the time the Rijk-
sherbarium moved to another building. The type
has never been seen again.

Magnolia halleana Parsons ex Robinson, Gard 13: 572,
f. opp. 572. 1878. TYPE: probably the figure.

Magnolia stellata var. keiskei Makino, Bot. Mag. (To-
kyo) 26: 82. 1912. Magnolia keiskei (Makino) Ihr-
ig, Arb. Bull. Univ. Wash. 11, 2: 33. 1948. typf.
= plate cited by Makino.

Magnolia stellata var. rosea Arnott ex Veitch ex Hu,
Man. Econ. PI. 1: 383. 1955. Magnolia rosea
(Veitch) Ihrig, Arb. Bull. Univ. Wash. 11,2: 34.
1948. Magnolia kobus DC. f. rosea (Veitch) Black-
burn, Popul. Card. 5, 3: 73, 1954.

Deciduous large shrub or treelet to 5 m high;
young twigs slender, 2-3 mm diani., brown-purple

to black-purple, sometimes gray-black, densely ap-
pressed-pubescent with long, gray or yellowish hairs,

glabrescent, smooth, old twigs brown, glabrous,
glabrescent. Stipules densely gray pubescent with
silky hairs, adnate to the petiole, stipular scars as
long as the petiole, 3-14 mm. Leaves thinly char-
taceous, dark bright green, glabrous above; pale
green, glabrous below, narrowly obovate to ob-
ovate, occasionally ovate, 7-1 1 x 2-5.6 cm; apex
obtuse to acute, base cuneate to attenuate, usually
decurrent along the petiole, rarely rounded; margin
sparsely pubescent; midrib and nerves finely pu-
bescent above, densely villous, glabrescent be-
neath; nerves fine, visible below, in 10-14 pairs,
reticulation coarse, hardly visible on both sides*
Petiole covered with same indumentum as the stip-
ules, glabrescent later, 3-14 nun long. Flowers
appearing before and after the leaves, white or
rose, fragrant, to 10 cm diam.; peduncles densely
gray villous, 2-6 x 2-3 mm, pedicle 0.2-4 x 3
mm; tepals 12-18, very unequal, usually narrowly
obovate tospathulate, apieally obtuse, rarely acute,
basally broad, 3.2-6.5 x 0.7-1.7 cm; stamens
6-11 mm long, anthers dehiscing latrorse or sub-
latrorse, connective appendage triangular, ca. 1
mm long, filaments 2-5 mm long; gynoecium cy-
lindric, 7-10 x 2-3 mm; carpels many. Fruiting
peduncles densely hairy, 3-6 x 3-4 mm* Fruits
cylindric or irregularly shaped abortive carpels, 2-
4,5 x 1-1.5 cm; ripe carpels subglobose, 7-12
mm long, with short beaks at the apex; scars of
perianth and stamens along the torus 2-6 x 3-5
mm.

Distribution. Native to Japan, cultivated in Nanjing.

Uses. Tree grown as an ornamental.

Note. Ueda (1985, 1986) gave an account as
to why the common star Magnolia, Magnolia stel-
lata, should be legitimately named Magnolia to-
mentosa. However, because of the economic im-
portance of the species it will be proposed as nomen
conservandum. See also the notes under M. kobus.

Ib-3. Magnolia section Tulipaslruni (Spach)
Dandy^ in Camellias and Magnolias, Conf. Re-
port: 74. 1950. Tuli past rum Spach* Hist. Na-
tur. Veget., Phanerog. 7: 481. 1839. typk
SPECIES: Magnolia acuminata L.

Flowers appearing together or after the leaves,
pink, purple, or red. Tepals very unequal (those
of the outer whorl ealycoid).

29. Magnolia quinquepeta (Buc'hoz) Dandy,
J. Bot. 72: 103. 1934. Lassonia quinquepeta
Buc'hoz, PL Nouv. Deeouv. 2: f. 2 of t. 19.
1779, type: f, 2 of t. 19 (BuVhoz, 1779).

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1027

Magnolia glaaca [var,] /3 Thunb,, Fl. Jap,: 236, 378,
1784. Magnolia hi ii flora Desr. in Lam,, Encycl.
3: 675, "lilifiora" 1792. Ohwi, Fl. Jap. rev. ed.:
649, inch var. gracilis, 1978, Magnolia obovata
Thimbu Trans. Linn. Soc. London 2: 336, noni.
superfl. illeg. 1794a. Yulania j aponica Spa ch, Hist,
Nat, Veg. 7: 466, nom. et comb, illeg. 1839. I Yl'K:
t. 44, Mokkwuren 2 (Kaeinpfer, 1791, BM).

Magnolia purpurea Curtis, Bot, Mag. (Curtis) 1 1: t. 390.
1797. type: t. 390.

Magnolia discolor Vent., Jard, Malmaison: t. 24. 1803,
TYPE: t. 24,

Magnolia gracilis Salisb., Par ad. Lond« 2: 87, t, 87,
nom. illeg. 1807. Magnolia liliflora var. gracilis
(Salisb.) Rehder in L. H. Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hort.
4: 1968. 1916, TYPE: Salisbury s.rL (G DC).

Buergeria obovata Siebold & Zucc, Abh. Math.-Phys.
CL KonigL Bayer, Akad. Wiss, 4,2: 187- 1815,
Talauma ?sieboldii Miq. in Ann. Mus. Bot, Lug-
duno-Batavum 2, 9: 257, 1866. Talauma obovata
(Siebold & Zucc.) Benth. & Hook. f. ex Hance, J,
Bot. 20: 2. 1882 (non Korthals, 1851). TYPE: Von
Siebold right half of L-908- 126- 1027 (L),

Deciduous shrub to 3.5 m high; bark gray -brown;
young twigs 2-4 mm diam., dark purple* glabrous
or sometimes hairy on a few nodes near the pe-
duncles, smooth, sparsely lenticellate, old twigs gray-
purple and longitudinally fissured; terminal winter
buds ovoid, 12-14 x 5-6 mm, yellowish sericeous.
Stipules densely yellowish to yellowish white pu-
bescent, adnate to the entire petiole, scars 3-15
mm long. Leaves membraneous to chartaeeous,
dark green, glabrous, sparsely pubescent over the
surfaces or only along the midrib above, pale green,
glabrous to pubescent with long, undulate to rarely
crisped, colorless hairs along the midrib and the
nerves below, broadly elliptic to obovate, 6- 1 5(-26)
x 3-7(-10) cm; apex acute to acuminate with
short or long acumen, base cuneate to attenuate,
usually decurrent along the petiole; midrib and
nerves prominent beneath, nerves in 8-10 pairs.
Petiole pubescent, glahrescent, ca. 3-15 mm long.
Flowers appearing with and after the leaves, slightly
fragrant; peduncles glabrous or densely villous with
silky, yellowish hairs, glahrescent, 5-20 x 6-8
mm, pedicles 10-12 x 5-7 mm, sometimes ab-
sent; bracts densely yellowish sericeous, 1 1 cm
long; tepals 9 y the outer 3 subulate, occasionally
ovate, greenish to purplish, 10-27 x 4-8 mm,
the inner tepals 6, spathulate to obovate, purplish
outside and white inside, 5,5-9 x 2.5-4.5 cm;
stamens purple-red, 8-10 mm long, anthers de-
hiscing laterally, connective appendage triangular,
filaments purple, ca. 2 mm long; gynoecium cylin-
drie, purplish, 1.2-1,4 x 0.4 cm, carpels many.
Fruiting peduncles 10-20 x 3-6 mm, pedicles 3-
8 x 3-4 mm long. Fruits cylindric, erect to curved

as the carpels partly abortive, 3-6.5 x 1-2 cm;
ripe carpels ellipsoid to subglobose, 8-15 mm long,
gray-lenticellate outside, short-beaked; torus with
the scars of perianth and stamens 8-12 x 5-7
mm. Seeds subcordate, ca. 10x7 mm.

Distribution. CHINA, Hubei: Sichuan, Jiang Jin,
Chen S.J. et al. 840055; Chengtu, Fang WJ\ 13256;
Klin Hsien, Wang F.T 20793, China C.Y. & C.S. Fan
444. Yunnan: N end Lichiang valley, 27°5'N, Forrest
G. 2174; Shweli-Salwin divide, 25°48'N, 98°48'E, 24700;
Tien chin pu valley, 25°30'N, 55.39. Widely cultivated.

Ecology. Flowering March-April; Fruiting
August -September.

Uses. Flower buds and bark used for medicinal
purposes, the tree as an ornamental.

Note, Ueda (1985) explained the complicated
synonymy. The species was formerly known as
Magnolia lili{i)flora. The name Magnolia obova-
ta Thunb. has also been used for this species for
a long time.

See also the note under Magnolia keptapeta.

Magnolia hirsuta Thunb, (1794b, 1824), based
on Thunberg 12884, is a nomen nudum,

Ic. Magnolia subgenus Talauma (Juss.) Pierre,
FL For. Cochinch. 1: sub t. 1. 1880. TYPE
SPECIES: Magnolia plumierii Schwartz.

Evergreen tree. Stipular scars up to the apex
of the petiole. Anthers introrse. Fruits with connate
carpels, the apical parts of the carpels falling off
leaving the seeds exposed, hanging from the thread-
like funiculus.

Ic-1- Magnolia section Blumiana Blume, Fl.
Java MagnoL: 32. 1829.

Leaves evenly distributed; midrib prominent
above, at least toward base. Flowers bisexual; tepals
subequal; connective produced into a short or long
appendage, triangular. Gynoecium not stipitate.
Fruits with connate carpels. When mature the api-
cal parts of the carpels circumscissile and falling,
dehiscing along the dorsal suture or not, the basal
parts remaining adnate to the torus, or apical parts
falling in irregular masses.

30. Magnolia candollii (Blume) H. Keng var.
obovata (Korth.) Nooteboom, Blumea 32:
374. 1987. Talauma obovata Korth., Ned.
Kruidk. Arch. 2, VersL: 98. 1851. TYPE: Su-
matra Gunung Pamatton, Korthals sm. (lec-
totype, selected here, L sheet no. 925,250-
739; isolectotype, BO).

1028

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Talauma hodgsoni Hook. f. & Thomson, Fl. Ind. 74.

1855, type: Sikkim, 2,000-5,000 ft., / D. Hook

s.n. (holotype, K; isotype, L).
Talauma oblanceolata Ridley, Fl. Malay Penins. 5: 286.

1925, type: H. N. Ridltey 15590 (K. SING).
Talauma betongensis Craib, Kew Bull. 1925: 7. 1925.

Magnolia betongensis (Craib) H. Keng, Card. Bull.

Sing. 31: 129. 1978. TYPE: Kerr 7449 (holotype,

K; isotype, BM),
Talauma sclerophylla Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 47. 1928.

TYPE: Havitand 3148 (holotype, BM; isotype, K).
Talauma tevissima Dandy, Kew Bull. 1928: 191. 1928.

TYPE: //. TV. Ridley 9047 (holotype, K; isotype,

SING).

Tree to 25 rn high; young twigs whitish, stout,
ca. 1 cm diam., glabrous. Stipules adnale to the
petioles, stipular scars from up to about halfway
the length of the petioles to nearly as long as the
petioles. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous, obovate or
sometimes elliptic, 17-50 x 8-22 cm; apex
rounded to slightly acuminate, base cuneate, usu-
ally attenuate; nerves in 9-25 pairs, curved up-
ward and meeting in an intramarginal vein, retic-
ulation rather coarse, sometimes obscure. Petiole
2.5-7 cm long. Peduncles glabrous, 3-12 x 0.5-
1.3 cm, with 2-18 nodes, pedicles absent or very
short. Tepals 9, thick fleshy, the outer 3 greenish
outside, sometimes reflexed in mature flowers, 1.5-
5(-6.5) x 1-2 cm, the inner tepals 6, creamy
white, erect, shorter than to as long as the outer
tepals; stamens 1.2-3 cm long, connective ap-
pendage triangular to subulate, 1-3 mm long, fil-
aments 1-3 mm long; gynoecium ellipsoid, 1-2
cm long, carpels 10-100, pubescent, the styles
long, becoming woody spines to 15 mm in fruits
but sometimes caducous; scars of perianth and
stamens on torus ca. 5x8 mm. Fruits ellipsoid,
5-15 x 4-7.5 cm.

Distribution. Tibet, Sikkim, Nepal, Assam (Khasia),
Burma, Thailand, and Malesia. In CHINA. Southern
Yunnan: D.T. Tao 413.

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forest.
Altitude: 800-1,500 m. Flowering May June;
fruiting August -September.

Notes. Without fruits this species is hard to
distinguish from Magnolia henry i Dunn. The lat-
ter species has, as typical in subgenus Magnolia,
follicles that dehisce dorsally. In subgenus Talauma
the apical parts of the carpels fall off entirely,
leaving the axis with the carpellar scars and red
seeds hanging from a funiculus. Magnolia henryi
is therefore intermediate between the two subgen-
era. Talauma luchurnsis Law (manuscript), from
Yunnan (DT. Tao 413, KUN), is Magnolia can-
dollii var. obovata, with the developing fruits ab-
normally precocious.

Magnolia candollii var. obovata was errone-
ously identified as Manglietia glauca (non Blurne,
1823) by Ridley (1922) for the collection of L. M.
Bell & Haniff and by Ridley (1913) and Merrill
(1921a) as Talauma candollei (non Blume, 1823).

Hybrids and Cultivated Species of
Sections Not Native to China

31 . Magnolia xsoulangiana Hamel, Ann. Soc.
Hort. Paris 1: 90. 1827. Magnolia yulan
var. soalangiana (Hamel) Lindl., Bot. Reg.
14: t. 1164. 1828. TYPE: We do not know
whether a lectotype has ever been designated.

Deciduous small tree or large shrub to 6-10 m
high; young twigs purple-brown or dark purple, 3-
4 mm diam., sparsely to densely pubescent, or
hairy only at the leaf axils, soon glabrescent; ter-
minal winter buds ovoid, densely brownish villous
with somewhat shiny hairs. Stipules densely pu-
bescent with appressed, long, straight, and brown-
ish hairs, adnate to the petiole, scars 4 15 mm
long. Leaves membraneous to chartaceous, dark
bright green, covered with scattered hairs every-
where or along midrib and nerves above, greenish,
pubescent with long, straight, undulate lo curly,
colorless hairs along midrib, nerves and reticulation
beneath, obovate, 6-17.5(-22) x 4-9(-13) cm;
apex usually abruptly short-acuminate, acumen 3
20 mm long, base obtuse, cuneate to attenuate;
nerves conspicuous below, in 7-10 pairs, reticu-
lation coarsely netted, obscure on both surfaces.
Petiole pubescent, 1-1,5 cm long. Flowers ap-
pearing before and after the leaves; peduncles
densely pubescent with yellow to yellowish white
hairs, 12-14 x 4-6 mm, pedicles 5-8 x 3-4
mm; tepals 9, white flushed with pink or purple
outside, white or pink inside, spatulate to obovate,
the outer 3 subequal to the inner 6 tepals, some-
times about half the length of the inner ones, 5-
12.5(-T5) x 2-5.5(-9) cm; stamens purple, 1-
1 .2(- 1 .4) cm long, anthers dehiscing laterally, con-
nective appendage triangular, ca. 1 mm long, fil-
aments 3-4 mm long; gynoecium green, glabrous
to hairy, cylindric, 1.5-2.2 x 0.3-0.4 cm. Fruits
cylindric, ca. 5-10 x 3 cm; ripe carpels ovoid to
subglobose, white-lenticellate, 1-1 .5 cm long, with-
out beaks; torus with scars of perianth and stamens
ca. 8x8 mm. Seeds broadly ovoid or obovoid,
slightly compressed, ca. 1.2 cm long.

Note. Hybrid from Magnolia heptapeta and
Magnolia quinquepeta, cultivated in gardens as
an ornamental.

Volume 80 3 Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1029

Magnolia (subgenus Magnolia) section Theo-
rhodon Spach, Hist* Natur. Veget, Phaner-
og, 7: 470. 1839.

Stipules free from the petiole, leaves evergreen.
Flowers neither precocious nor with a much re-
duced outer whorl of tepals, tepals subsimilar in
texture. Fruit ellipsoid to oblong. Not native to
China.

32. Magnolia grandiflora L,, Syst. Nat. ed. 10
(2): 1082. 1759. TYPE; ?

Evergreen tree up to 30 m high in its original
habitat; bark brownish or gray; young twigs stout,
6-7 mm diam., dull brown, densely yellowish se-
riceous, eventually glabrous. Stipules covered with
the same indument as the young twigs, free from
the petiole. Leaves thick coriaceous, dark green,
glossy above, green, densely hairy with short to
long, undulate to curly, colorless or brown hairs,
gradually glabrescent beneath, elliptic, ovate to
obovate, 10-20 x 4-10 cm; apex acute to short-
acuminate, base cuneate to broadly cuneate; midrib
and nerves visible on the undersides, nerves in 8-
10 pairs, reticulation coarsely netted, prominent
above, obscured below. Petiole 1.5-4 cm long,
without stipular scars. Flowers erect, heavily scent-
ed, 15-20 cm diam., peduncles 3-4 x 0.8-0.9
cm, densely yellowish sericeous; pedicles verv short,
ca. 1 mm long; tepals 8-12, subsimilar, white,
broadly obovate, broadly elliptic to orbicular, ba-
sally short-clawed, concave, thick fleshy, 8 10 x
5-8 cm; stamens purplish, ca. 2 cm long, anthers
introrsely dehiscing, connective appendage trian-
gular, ca. 2 mm long, filaments flat, 1 2 mm long;
gynoecium ellipsoid, densely yellowish tomentose;
carpels ovate, 1-1.5 ern, styles recurved. Fruiting
peduncles 3-4 x 0.8-0,9 cm, pedicles ca, 1 mm
long. Fruits ovoid-cylindric, 5-10 x 4 5 cm,
densely brown or yellow tomentose; ripe carpels
apieally long-beaked, scars of perianth and stamens
along torus 1,7-2 X 1 cm. Seeds ellipsoid to ovoid,
compressed laterally, ca. 1,4 x 0,6 cm.

Distribution. Native of southeastern United States,
cultivated in southern China.

Uses. Wood yellow- white, heavy and hard,
used for interior finish; leaves, young shoots, and
flowers extracted for volatile oil; the tree is a
spectacular ornamental.

Dubious Names

Magnolia honanensis B. C. Ding & T. B. Chao,
J. Henan Agricultural College 4: 6. 1983.

SYNTYPES: China. Henan: Yu Xian, T. B. Chao
et aL 838281, 838282 (in Herb. Henan Col-
lege of Agriculture Conservatus) = Magnolia
biondii Pamp.(?).
Magnolia biondii var. parvialabastra T. B. Chao,
Y. H. Ren & J. T, Gao, J. Henan Agricultural
College 4: 7. 1983. syntypes: China. Henan:
Nanchao Xian, T B. Chao et aL 83671,
83672 (in Herb. Henan College of Agriculture
Conservatus) = Magnolia biondii Pamp.(?).

Magnolia biondii var. ovata T. B. Chao & T. X,
Zhang, J. Henan Agricultural College, 4: 9.
1983. TYPE: China, Henan: Lushan Xian, T.

B. Chao et aL s.n. (in Herb. Henan College
of Agriculture Conservatus) = Magnolia bion-
dii Pamp.(?).

Magnolia biondii var. purpura T. B. Chao & Y,

C. Qiao, J. Henan Agricultural College, 4: 10,
1983. SYNTYPES: China. Henan: Lushan Xian,
Y. Z, Qiao et aL 0003, 0006 (in Herb. Henan
College of Agriculture Conservatus) = Mag-
nolia biondii Pamp,(?).

Magnolia biondii var. plant ties T. B. Chao & Y,
Z. Qiao, J. Henan Agricultural College 4: 10.
1983. TYPE: China. Henan: Yu Xian, 1\ B.
Chao et aL s.n. (in Herb. Henan College of
Agriculture Conservatus) = Magnolia biondii
Pamp.(?).

Magnolia denudata Desr. var. pyramid a lis T. B,
Chao & Z. X. Chen, J, Henan Agricultural
College 4: 11. 1983. SYNTYPES: China, Henan:
Zengzhou, T. B. Chao et aL 8387 1, 83872
(in Herb. Henan College of Agriculture Con-
servatus) = Magnolia heptapeta (Buclioz)
Dandy (?).

Magnolia axilliftora T. B. Chao, T. X. Zhang &
J. T. Gao in T. B. Chao, Acta Agriculture
Universitatis Henanensis 19(4): 360, 1985,
SYNTYPES: China. Henan: Nanchao Xian, T.
B, Chao et al. 83815, 83816, T. X. Zhang
et aL 829 10, 8291 1 (in Herb. Henan College
of Agriculture Conservatus) = Magnolia bion-
dii Pamp.(?).

Magnolia axilliftora var. alha T. B, Chao, Y. H.
Ren & J, T. Gao, Acta Agriculture Univer-
sitatis Henanensis, 19(4): 360, photo 4, 1985.
SYNTYPES: China. Henan: T. B. Chao, V. IL

Ren & S. D. Zhuao 855181, 855182, 1\ B.
Chao, J. T. Gao et aL 854151, 854152 (flow-
ering, in herb. Henan Agricultural University
Conservatus) = Magnolia biondii Pamp.(?).

Magnolia axilliftora var. multUepala T. B. Chao,
Y, H. Ren & J. T. Gao, Acta Agriculture
Universitatis Henanensis, 19(4): 361. 1985.

1030

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

SYNTYPES: China. Kenan: T. R. Chao* K //.
Ren & S. D. Zhuao 855201, 85471 (flow-
ering, in herb. Italian Agri. Univ.) = Mag-
nolia hiondii Pamp.(?).

Magnolia funiushanensis T. B, Chao, J. T. Gao
& Y. H. Ren, Acta Agriculture Universitatis
Henanensis, 19(4): 362, photo 5, 1985. TYPE:
China, Henan: 7. R. Chao, /. T. Gao & Y.
II. Ren 85019 (flowering, in herb, Henan
Agri. Univ.) = Magnolia hiondii Pamp.(?).

Magnolia funiushanensis var. purpurea T. B.
Chao & J. T. (Jao, Acta Agriculture Universi-
tatis Henanensis, 19(4): 362. 1985. SYNTYPES:
China. Henan: T. R. Chao* et aL 855218,
8552 1 ( ) (flowering, in herb. Henan Agri. Univ.)
= Magnolia hiondii Pamp.(?).

Magnolia hiondii var. flora T. B. Chao, J. T. Gao
& Y. H. Ren, Acta Agriculture Universitatis
Henanensis, 19(4): 362, 1985, SYNTYPES:
China. Henan: X! R. Chao, et aL 855207,
855 208 1 8 10 19 (flowering, in herb. Henan
Agri. Univ.) = Magnolia hiondii Pamp.(?).

Magnolia hiondii var. tatitepala T. B, Chao &
J. T- Gao, Acta Agriculture Universitatis He-
nanensis, 19(4): 363, 1985, type: China. He-
nan: T. R. Chao & J. T. Gao 85472 (flow-
ering, in herb. Henan Agri. Univ.) = Magnolia
hiondii Pamp.(?).

Magnolia denudata Desr. var. angustitepala T.
B. Chao & Z. S. Chun, Acta Agriculture Uni-
versitatis Henanensis, 19(4): 363. 1985,
SYNTYPES: China. Henan: T. R. Chao, et al.
843151* 843512 (flowering, in herb, Henan
Agr. Univ,) = Magnolia kept a pet a (Buc*hoz)
Dandy (?),

Magnolia sinostellata P. L. Chin & Z, H. Chen,
Acta Phytotax. Sin, 27, 1: 79, 1989. TYPE:
China, Zhejiang: Caoyutang of Jingning, /. P.
Si & H. R Pan JH-002 (holotype, HIIBC;
isotype, PE) = Magnolia stellata (?) (Siebold
& Zucc) Maxim.

II. Manglietia Blume, Verh. Bat. Gen. 9: 149,
1823. Magnolia sort. Manglietia (Blutne)
Baillon, Adansonia 7: 66. 1866. TYPE SPECIES:
Manglietia glaura Blurne,

Pararnanglietia Hu & Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. l f 2:
255. 1951. type species: Pararnanglietia aro~
matica (Dandy) Hu & Cheng.

Manglietiastrum Law, Acta Phytotax, Sin, 11: 72, t. 2.
1979, type species: Manglietiastrum sinicum Law.

Tree. Stipules adnate to or free from petiole.
Flowers terminal, solitary, bisexual; tepals 9-13,
3-merous, subequal; anthers introrse, connective

produced into a short or long appendage. Gynoe-
cium sessile, but a gynophore present in section
Manglietiastrum. Follicles free, crowded, dehis-
cent along the dorsal and sometimes also the ventral
suture.

Distribution. About 25 species in tropical and sub-
tropical Asia from the eastern Himalayas eastward to
southern China and Malesia (not in the Moluccas and
New Guinea). Eighteen species in China.

Note. Manglietia is still treated as a separate
genus mainly because the number of ovules is 4-
1 2(— 1 6), while in Magnolia it is 2(-4), Leaf and
wood anatomical characters point to the fact that
Manglietia consists of a group of closely related
species, although the similarity with Magnolia is
great. However, all genera of Magnoliaceae as
recognized by Nooteboom (1985) are quite similar
in anatomical characters.

Many species of Manglietia have a hypodermis
of 1-2 subepidermal layers beneath the upper epi-
dermis, some also adjacent to the lower epidermis;
few species have this hypodermis adjacent only to
the lower epidermis. Species of Magnolia mostly
lack a hypodermis, Manglietia consists entirely of
evergreen species, thus the anatomy must be com-
pared with the anatomy of evergreen species of
Magnolia. The species of Manglietia usually do
not have helical thickenings and usually have sca-
lariform perforations and large vessel-ray pits
throughout the rays; this pitting is present only in
the marginal ray cells of the evergreen species of
Magnolia. Scalariform perforations do occur in
some deciduous species of Magnolia* and helical
thickenings are found in a few species of Man-
glietia.

Regarding Manglietia sinica [Manglietias-
trum sinivum Law, Magnolia sinica (Law) Noot.;
Nooteboom (1985) at that time was not able to
study any collections], we conclude that the num-
ber of ovules, as well as the sometimes well-de-
veloped hypodermis, and the scalariform and uni-
lateral compound vessel-ray pitting throughout the
rays, warrant regarding it as a species of Man-
glietia* not of Magnolia. Moreover, oil cells are
usually absent in the rays, as in Manglietia. How-
ever, the discontinuous helical thickenings in the
vessels point to Magnolia* although this character
is found in a few other species of Manglietia.

Key to the Species of Mangliera
(primarily based on flower characters)

1 . Twigs glabrous. „ __ 2

1. Twigs hairy at least when young 12

2(1). Gynoecium stipitate; stipules free ___

18. Manglietia sinica

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1031

2.

3(2).
3,

4(3),

4,

5(4).

5.

6(3).

6.

7(6).

7.

8(7).

8.

9(6).
9,

10(9).

10.

Gynoecium not stipitate; stipules adnate to

petiole. .. , 3

Leaves glaucous beneath. , 4

Leaves not glaucous beneath. ,„. 6

Twigs 4-5 mm thick; leaf base narrowly

cuneate, reticulation rather obscure.

2. Manglietia conifer a

Twigs 6-10 mm thick; leaf base cuneate, 11(9),

reticulation distinct* ._.„..„ „„„ .„„„„„. 5

Peduncle 15 mm long; stipules pubescent;
leaves obovate, 5-7 cm broad, apex short-
acuminate; gynoecium hairy; fruits ovoid,

6 cm long, follicles hairy. .. 11.

. . 13, Manglietia microtricha

Peduncle 30-34 mm long; stipules gla-
brous; leaves narrowly obovate, 10,5-13
cm broad, apex acuminate; gynoecium gla-
brous; fruits ovoid-oblong, 10-16 cm long, 12(1).

follicles glabrous. ,.. 8, Manglietia grandis 12.

Peduncle 5-7 mm thick. .„.. „ 7 13(12),

Peduncle 2-4 mm thick, 9

Leaves 11-16 cm broad, reticulation dis-
tinct; stipular scars on petiole 16-45 mm
long; peduncle hairy; flower purple or red,
outer tepals 12-14 cm long; gynoecium 27 13.

mm high, carpels 70-80; fruits 9.5 cm

long. 1 1 . Manglietia lucida

Leaves 3.5-10 cm broad, reticulation rath-
er obscure; stipular scars on petiole 1 7
mm long; peduncle glabrous; flower (green-
ish) white, outer tepals 5,5-8(^20) cm long; 14(13).
gynoecium 16-22 mm high, carpels 12-

30 or 38-46; fruits 5-7 cm long 8

Pedicle 4 mm; stipules (rufous) villous; leaf
base cuneate; apex short-acuminate; petiole
not dilated at base; outer tepals oblong;
connective appendage of anthers semior- 14.

bicular, 1 mm long, filaments 1 mm long;
gynoecium ovoid; fruiting peduncles 3-5.5

cm long, fruits ellipsoid. _._„

, 15. Manglietia pachyphylla

Pedicle 6-8 mm; stipules pubescent; leaf

base attenuate-cuneate, apex acuminate; 15(12).

petiole dilated at base; outer tepals obovate- 15.

elliptic; connective appendage of anthers 16(15),

triangular, 1.8 mm long, filaments 2 mm

long; gynoecium broadly ellipsoid; fruiting

peduncles 9-11 mm long, fruits ovoid or

ovoid-globose,

. 5b, Manglietia fordiana var. calcarea

Carpels 45-86. 10

Carpels (12-)20-36. 11

Gynoecium glabrous, tree to 25 m high;
stipules glabrous or pubescent; reticulation
of leaf distinct; outer tepals thin-coriaceous, 1 7,

stamens 13-16 mm long, connective ap-
pendage triangular with a sharp pointed tip,
filaments 2-5 mm long; gynoeciuin ovoid
or narrowly ovoid, 1 7-28 mm high; fruiting
peduncles 5-10 mm thick, fruits ovoid-ob- 18(18),

long or cylindric, 6.5-11 cm long; scars of
perianth and stamens along torus under

fruit 14-20 mm long.

„„„.... 10, Manglietia ins ignis 18.

Gynoecium hairy, tree to 8 m high; stipules
sparsely hairy; reticulation of leaf rather
obscure; outer tepals thick-fleshy, stamens

16,

17(17).

10 mm long, connective appendage trian-
gular, filaments 1 mm long; gynoecium el-
lipsoid, 14-15 mm high; fruiting peduncles
3-4 mm thick, fruits ovoid-ellipsoid, 3.5
cm long; scars of perianth and stamens

along torus under fruit 7-9 mm long.

4, Manglietia duclouxii

Outer tepals 5,5-7 cm long, inner tepals
4-4,8 cm long; connective appendage of
anthers triangular, 1.8 mm long; leaf base

cuneate, reticulation coarse.

5a. Manglietia fordiana var, fordiana

Outer tepals 3.5 cm long, inner tepals 2.8
cm long; connective appendage of anthers
semiorbicular, 1-1.5 mm long; leaf base

narrowly cuneate, reticulation fine.

.„„..__. 2. Manglietia conifer a

Leaves glaucous beneath. ......„„ 13

Leaves not glaucous beneath. 15

Peduncle 10 mm long; apex of leaf short-
acuminate, petiole dilated at base; outer
tepals 2-2.2 cm long, thick-fleshy; con-
nective appendage of anthers triangular. ..

„„... .„ 3. Ma nglietia dandy i

Peduncle 15-90 mm long; apex of leaf
acuminate or acute, petiole not dilated at
base; outer tepals 3.5-7.5 cm long, thin-
coriaceous; connective appendage of an-
thers triangular with a sharp pointed tip,

or semior bicular. 1 4

Stipules glabrous; reticulation of leai dis-
tinct, coarse, base cuneate; pedicle present;
inner tepals obovate or elliptic; connective
appendage of anthers triangular with a sharp
pointed tip, 4 mm long; scars of bracts 2
or 3, .... 7. Manglietia glauca var. sumatrana
Stipules pubescent; reticulation of leaf rath-
er obscure, fine, base narrowly cuneate;
pedicle absent; inner tepals spathulate; con-
nective appendage of anthers semiorbicu-
lar, 1-1.5 mm long; scars of bracts or

1 . „ 2. Manglietia conifer a

Carpels 20-39 16

Carpels 44-88 19

Outer tepals 3.5 cm long; flower (greenish)
yellow or yellowish, inner tepals 2.8 cm

long. .. , 2. Manglietia conifera

Outer tepals 5.5-8 cm long; flower (green-
ish) white, inner tepals 4-8 cm long. 17

Connective appendage semiorbicular; inner
tepals 9; gynoecium ellipsoid; fruits subglo-
bose; scars of perianth and stamens along

torus under fruit 7-10 mm long.

... 1 . Manglietia aromatica

Connective appendage triangular or very
long, narrowly triangular; inner tepals 6 or
7; gynoecium ovoid; fruits ovoid; scars of
perianth and stamens along torus under

fruit 13-22 mm long 18

Connective appendage very long, narrowly
triangular; reticulation of leaves distinct,
petiole dilated at base; filaments 1 mm long.

5c, Manglietia fordiana var, forrestii

Connective appendage triangular; reticu-
lation of leaves rather obscure, petiole not
dilated at base; filaments 1.5-2 mm long,
5a. Manglietia fordiana var, fordiana

1032

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

22(19).

22.

23(22).

23.

24(23).

24.

25(24).

19(15). Leaves glabrous, , 20

19. Leaves hairy beneath at least when young. 22
20(19). Peduncle 30-37 mm long.

_ „ 9. Manglietia hooker i

20. Peduncle 10-15 mm long 21

21(20). Leaves 11-16 cm broad, obovate, reticu-
lation coarse; peduncle stout, 6 mm thick;
outer tepals 12-14 cm long, thick-fleshy;
fruiting peduncles 4.5 cm long, fruits ovoid.
1L Manglietia lueidu

21. Leaves 4-8 cm broad, elliptic or narrowly
obovate, reticulation fine; peduncle slender,

4 mm thick; outer tepals 5-7 cm long, thin-
coriaceous; fruiting peduncles 1.2-2.5 cm
long, fruits ovoid-oblong or cylindric. „..

._ 10. Manglietia insignis

Peduncle 10.1-13 mm thick.

12. Manglietia megaphylla

Peduncle 4-10 mm thick. 23

Peduncle 4.1 10 mm thick. 24

Peduncle 4 mm thick* ,„„ - 28

Twigs in innovations 5.1-12 mm thick. 25

Twigs in innovations 2-5 mm thick, .. 26

Pedicle absent; twigs pubescent, stipules pu-
bescent; leaves minutely (scattered) hairy

beneath, apex short-acuminate,

6. Manglietia garret tii

25. Pedicle present; twigs villous, stipules (ru-

fous) villous; young leaves with longer hairs

beneath, apex acuminate or acute. ..„.

„ 12. Manglietia megaphylla

Gynoecium hairy; hairs white; follicles hairy.

17. Manglietia ventii
Gynoecium glabrous; hairs brown or red,

follicles glabrous. 27

Gynoecium 13-15 mm high; twigs villous,
4-5 mm diam., stipules (rufous) villous;
young leaves with longer hairs beneath, re-
ticulation rather obscure, petiole not dilated
at base; flower creamy white, outer tepals
coriaceous, 3.7-5.7 x 2-2.5 cm, the inner
petals 9-12 cm long; connective appendage
short pointed or semiorbicular, 1-1.5 mm
long, fruiting peduncles slender, fruits ovoid.
,.„. 14. Manglietia nwto

27. Gynoecium 30 mm high; twigs pubescent,

5 8 mm diam., stipules pubescent; leaves
minutely (scattered) hairy beneath, reticu-
lation distinct, petiole dilated at base; flower
purple or red, outer tepals thick-fleshy, 6-
6,5 x 3 cm, the inner ones slightly smaller;
connective appendage triangular, 3 mm
long; fruiting peduncles stout, fruits ovoid-
oblong, .., _. 6* Manglietia garret tit

28(23). Peduncle (22-)31-90 mm long 29

28. Peduncle 10-30 mm long _„. „ 30

29(28). Pedicle absent; twigs villous, stipules (ru-
fous) villous; young leaves with longer hairs
beneath; inner tepals 9-12 cm, outer tepals
3.7-5.7 cm long. 14. Manglietia nwto

29. Pedicle present; twigs pubescent, stipules
pubescent; leaves minutely (scattered) hairy
beneath; inner tepals 2.7-4.5 cm, outer
tepals 4-4.5 cm long. 5d. Man-
glietia for diana var. kwangtungensis

30(28). Gynoecium hairy; pedicle absent; follicles

hairy _ 17, Manglietia ventii

26(24),

26

27(26).

1.

2(1).

2.

3(2).

3.

2
3

7

5

30. Gynoecium glabrous; pedicle present; fol-
licles glabrous. ._ 3 1

31(30). Peduncle 10-15 mm long, pedicle 3-5 mm;
reticulation of leaf distinct; outer tepals thin-
coriaceous; connective appendage of an-
thers triangular with a sharp pointed tip,
filaments 2-5 mm long; gynoecium 17-28
mm high; fruits ovoid-oblong or cylindric,
6.5-1 1 cm long; scars of perianth and sta-
mens along torus under fruit 14-20 mm
long 10. Manglietia insignis

3 1 . Peduncle 22-30 mm long, pedicle 1-2 mm;
reticulation of leaf rather obscure; outer
tepals coriaceous; connective appendage of
anthers semiorbicular, filaments 1 mm long;
gynoecium 11-15 mm high; fruits ovoid,
2.5-3.5 cm long; scars of perianth and
stamens along torus under fruit 9 nun long.

5d. Manglietia for diana var. kwangtun-
gensis

Key to the Species oe Manglietia

(based primarily on fruit characters)

1. Stipules free; gynoecium stipitate.

1 8. Manglietia sinica

Stipules adnate to petiole; gynoecium not

stipitate „„. _..

Follicles hairy. ..„.„.

Follicles glabrous. „._

Pedicle present; leaves narrowly elliptic or

narrowly ohovate

Pedicle absent; leaves elliptic or obovate.
Tree ca. 15 m high; twigs yellowish villous
when young, 4-5 mm diam.; stipules pu-
bescent; reticulation ot leaf distinct; stipular
scars 9- 1 1 mm long; peduncle hairy; flower
(greenish) white; outer tepals ovate or ob-
long; stamens 12-20 mm long; gynoecium
17-25 mm high. 16. Manglietia szechuanira
Treelet ca. 8 m high; twigs glabrous, 3 mm
diam.; stipules sparsely hairy; reticulation
of leaf rather obscure; stipular scars 2 3
mm long; peduncle glabrous; flower purple
or red; outer tepals obovate; stamens 10

mm long; gynoecium 14-15 mm high.

4. Manglietia duelouxii

Young twigs densely tomentellous, 2^3.5

mm thick; leaves not glaucous beneath

17, Manglietia ventii

Young twigs glabrous or rather long-hairy,
6 1 (J mm thick; leaves glaucous beneath. 6
Twigs glabrous; leaves glabrous, reticula-
tion distinct, fine; petiole glabrous; peduncle

glabrous, 15 mm long __

._. 1 3, Manglietia microtrirha

Young twigs with rather long, undulate to
curly, spreading rufous hairs; leaves pu-
bescent beneath at least when young, re-
ticulation rather obscure, coarse; petiole

hairy; peduncle hairy, 10 mm long.

__ 3. Manglietia dandy i

Pedicle absent. „ 8

Pedicle present, ......... 1 5

Fruiting peduncles 11 14 mm thick 9

Fruiting peduncles 2-9 mm thick. 10

Twigs and stipules glabrous; leaves glaucous
beneath, narrowly obovate, 10.5 13 cm

4.

5(3).

5.

6(5).

6.

7(2).

7.

8(7).

8.

9(8).

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1033

9.

10(8).

10.

11(10).

11.

12(10).
12.
1 3( 1 2).

13.

14(12).

14.

broad; petiole not dilated at base; fruits
oblong-ovoid, 10-16 x 6-10 cm; scars of
perianth and stamens along torus under
fruit 15-17 mm long; peduncle 30-34 mm
long, 13-14 mm thick; flower pink; carpels

95-110; scars of bracts 0.

8. Manglietia grand is

Young twigs densely appressed-pubescent;
stipules pubescent; leaves not glaucous be-
neath, obovate or narrowly ovate, 6-9.5
cm broad; petiole dilated at ba.se; fruits
subglobose to ovoid, 8-8.5 x 5.2 cm; scars
of perianth and stamens along torus under
fruit 7 mm long; peduncle 12-20 mm long,
4-5 mm thick; flower white; carpels 29

39; scars of bracts 1 or 2 ..„„

1 , Manglietia aromaiica

Carpels 48-88. _ 1 1

Carpels (12-}20-36, 12

Young leaves scattered hairy with long, dark
brown hairs beneath, 11-19 x 5-7 cm;
twigs and stipules brown to rufous villous;
apex acuminate or mucronate; reticulation
rather obscure; petiole not dilated at base;
fruits ovoid; flower (greenish) white or
(greenish) yellow or yellowish; outer tepals
coriaceous; connective appendage short-
pointed or semiorbicular, 1-1,5 mm long;

gynoeciurn 13-15 mm high. ...

, 1 4. Manglietia moto

Leaves minutely brownish hairy beneath,
18-34.5 x 8-12 cm; twigs and stipules
pubescent; apex short-acuminate; reticu-
lation distinct; petiole dilated at base; fruits
oblong; flower purple or red; outer tepals
thick-fleshy; connective appendage trian-
gular, 3 mm long; gynoeciurn 30 mm high,

6. Manglietia garrettii

Fruiting peduncles 4.1-6 mm thick, 13

Fruiting peduncles 2-4 mm thick. 14

Leaves not glaucous, glabrous or minutely
scattered hairy beneath; petiole not dilated
at base, stipular scar 2-6 mm long; pe-
duncle 4 mm thick; outer tepals 5.5-7 cm
long, thin-coriaceous; inner tepals 4-4.8
cm long; connective appendage 1 ,8 mm
long; filaments 1.5 2 mm long; scars of

bracts L

,..„, r 5a. Manglietia ford i ana var, ford'uma

Leaves glaucous, densely pubescent be-
neath when young; petiole dilated at base,
stipular scar 6-10 mm long; peduncle 5
mm thick; outer tepals 2 2,2 cm long, thick -
fleshy; inner tepals 1,8-2 cm long; con-
nective appendage 1 mm long; filaments 1

mm long; scars of bracts 2.

3. Manglietia dandyi

Twigs 4~10 mm diam., usually glabrous,
sometimes pubescent at the annular scars;
reticulation of leaf coarse, base cuneate;
flower (greenish) w r hite; outer tepals 5.5-7
cm long; inner tepals 4 4,8 cm long; con-
nective appendage triangular, 1 .8 nun long.

5a. Manglietia fordiana var. jordiartfi
Twigs 4-5 mm diam., usually ferrugineous
pubescent when young; reticulation of leaf
fine, base narrowly cuneate; flower (green-

15(7).

15.

16(15).

16.

17(16).

17.

18(15),

18,

19(18).

19.

20( 1 9).

20.

21(19).

21.

22(21).

ish) yellow or yellowish; outer tepals 3,5
cm long; inner tepals 2.8 cm long; con-
nective appendage semiorbicular, 1-1.5 mm

long. _„ 2, Manglietia conifera

Fruits ovoid-globose, 9.5 x 8-10 cm or

7-9.5 x 6-8.5 cm 16

Fruits ovoid, ovoid-oblong, cylindric, ellip-
soid, or oblong, 2,5-8 x 2.5-5.5 cm. 18

Twigs glabrous to minutely hairy; fruiting
peduncles 4,5 cm long; fruits 9.5 x 8-10
cm; stipules pubescent; leaves and petiole

glabrous, 11, Manglietia lucida

Twigs densely and longer hairy when young. 17
Leaves 23-40 x 9.4-17 cm; fruiting pe-
duncles 10-30 x 10-13 mm; stipules (ru-
fous) villous; leaves scattered villous w r ith
long undulate to curly dark brown hairs
beneath at least when young; petiole hairy.

1 2, Manglietia megaph ylla

Leaves 21-32 x 6,5-10 cm; fruits 7-9.5
x 6-6.5 cm broad; peduncle 30-37 x 7-

10 mm; pedicle 7-13 mm,

9. Manglietia hookeri

Leaves glaucous beneath; fruit ovoid to
ovoid-oblong, 3.5-8 x 2,5 5.5 cm; scars

of bracts 2 or 3. _

7. Manglietia glaura var. sit mat rana

Leaves not glaucous beneath; scars of bracts

or 1 1 9

Scars of perianth and stamens along torus

under fruit 7-9 mm long, 20

Scars of perianth and stamens along torus

under fruit 12-22 mm long, 21

Twigs hairy at least when young; fruit ovoid
or irregular, 2.5-3.5 x 2.5 cm; tree of
ca. 15 m high; stipules pubescent; petiole
hairy; fruiting peduncles 3-3.5 cm long, 5
mm thick; peduncle hairy, 22-31 mm long;
flower (greenish) white; outer tepals coria-
ceous; connective appendage semiorhicu-
lar, 1 mm long; gynoeciurn glabrous, ovoid;

styles 1 1.5 mm long. ..„.

.. 5d. Manglietia fordiana var. kwangtungen-

sis
Twigs glabrous; fruits ovoid-ellipsoid, ca.
3,5 cm long; treelet ca. 8 m high; stipules
sparsely hairy; petiole and peduncle gla-
brous; fruiting peduncles 1,3 1,5 cm long,
3-4 mm thick; peduncle 13-15 mm long;
flower purple or red; outer tepals thick-
fleshy; connective appendage triangular, 2
3 mm long; gynoeciurn hairy, styles 3-4

mm long. 4. Manglietia duelouxii

Fruits ovoid-oblong, cylindric, or ellipsoid,
5-7 x 4.5 or 6.5-1 1 x 3-4 cm; peduncle
10-20 mm long; pedicle 3-5 mm; con-
nective appendage triangular with a sharp
pointed tip or semiorbicular; twigs 3-8 or

ca. 10 mm diam, ... 22

Fruits ovoid-globose or irregular, 2,5-6 x
2-5 cm; connective appendage triangular
or very long, narrowly triangular; twigs 3-

O 111111 Uld J 11, ,...,.T...„.,r - - -

Fruits ellipsoid, 5-7 x 4,5 cm; stipules
(rufous) villous; apex of leaf short-acumi-
nate, reticulation rather obscure; peduncle
stout, 7 mm thick; outer tepals coriaceous;

23

1034

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

connective appendage semiorbicular; fila-
ments 1 mm long. ....

„ 15. Manglietia pachyphylla

22. Young twigs glabrous or pubescent at the
nodes, 3-8 mm diam*; fruits ovoid-oblong
to ovoid -cylindric, sometimes irregular, 6,5-
11 x 3-4 cm; stipules glabrous or pubes-
cent; apex of leaf acuminate or mucronate,
reticulation distinct; peduncle slender, 4 mm
thick; outer tepals thin-coriaceous; connec-
tive appendage triangular with a sharp
pointed tip; filaments 2-5 mm long,

10. Manglietia insignis

23(21). Young twigs densely brown pubescent, 3-
6 mm diam.; fruits ovoid, 4-5.5 x 3.5-5
cm; reticulation of leaf distinct; connective
appendage very long, narrowly triangular;

filaments 1 mm long. ,

5c. Manglietia fordiana var + for rest ii

23. Fruits ovoid to ovoid*globose or irregular,
2.5-6 x 2-5 cm; reticulation of leaf rather
obscure; connective appendage triangular;
filaments 1,5-2 mm long 24

24(23), Twigs glabrous, 5-7 mm diam.; base of leaf
attenuate-cuneate; petiole dilated at base;
peduncle 5~6 mm thick; pedicle 6-8 mm;
gynoecium broadly ellipsoid, 16-20 mm

high; scars of bracts 0.

5b. Manglietia fordiana var. calcarea

24. Young twigs glabrous or pubescent at the
nodes, 4-8 mm diam.; base of leaf cuneate;
petiole not dilated at base; peduncle 4 mm
thick; pedicle 0-1 mm; gynoecium ovoid,
13-15 mm high; scars of bracts L

5a. Manglietia fordiana var. fordiana

II- 1, Manglietia section Manglietia

Gynoecium sessile, Stipules ± adnate to petiole,
at least in China.

1. Manglietia aromatica Dandy, J. Bot. 69:
231. 1 93 1 , Paramanglietia aromatica (Dan-
dy) Hu & Cheng, Acta Phytotax. Sin. I: 255,
1951. TYPE: Ft. C Ching 7421 (holotype,
BM; isotypes, NY, PE). Figure 2.

Tree to 20 m high and 50 cm diam., bark gray;
young twigs at first densely appressed-pubescent
with short, straight, gray or brownish hairs, soon
glabrescent, stout, 7 10 mm diam., black-brown,
later gray-brown; terminal buds ovoid, densely hairy,
2-2.4 cm long; stipules densely appressed-pubes-
cent with rather long, straight, yellowish hairs,
adnate to the petiole. Leaves glabrous, thinly co-
riaceous to coriaceous, (narrowly) obovate, 17-
22.5 X 6-9.4 cm; apex mucronate or acuminate,
base cuneate; nerves in 9-16 pairs; midrib im-
pressed above; reticulation coarse, prominent. Pet-
iole glabrous, 2.7-3.5 cm long, conspicuously di-

lated toward the base, stipular scars 5-12 mm
long. Peduncles glabrous, ea. 12 x 4-5 mm, ped-
icles absent. Flowers white, tepals 12, subequal,
obovate to narrowly obovate, 6-8 X 2.5 cm,
3-merous; stamens 1 1.2 cm long, filaments 1—2
mm long, connective appendage semiorbicular; gy-
noecium ellipsoid, ca. 16 x 10 mm; scars of peri-
anth and stamens on the torus 7-10 x 6-10 mm.
Fruiting peduncle 13-20 x 11 mm. Fruits subglo-
bose to ovoid, ca. 8-8.5 x 5,2 cm; torus with
scars of perianth and stamens 0.7-2 X 1 cm;
carpels 29-39, with thick and ligneous wall, free
when ripe, their dorsal faces 10-25 x 0.8-1.9
cm, adaxial parts 1-2 em long, dehiscing along
the dorsal and ventral suture; fruiting peduncles
stout, 1,3-1.9 x 0.6-1.2 cm. Seeds broadly el-
lipsoid, 10-12 x 7-8 mm.

Distribution. China and northern Vietnam. In CHI-
NA. Cuatigxi: Bako Shan, Poseh, near Yunnan border,
Ching R.C. 7421; Lingle, Ling Le Exped. 32928; Don-
glin, Chang C.C. 11432. Cuizhou: Huang I). F* 1651.
Southeastern Yunnan: Guangnan, Wang C.lf ', 87854;
Shichou District, Law Y.W* 4074, Wu C.A. 62- 37; Mar-
li-po, Hwang -jin-in, Feng K.M, 13009; Si-chour-hsien,
Faa-doou, 11990,

Ecology. In mixed forest. Altitude 1,300-
1,900 m. Trees in the natural forest (Jingping of
Yunnan) reach a height of 20.4 m and a diameter
of 40 cm by the age of 54 years. Flowering May-
June; fruiting September -October,

2. Manglietia conifera Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 205.
1930. TYPE: Fleury in Chevalier 37817 (ho-
lotype, P; isotype, L). Figure 3.

Manglietia chingii Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 232. 1931. TYPE:

R. C Ching 8390 (holotype, BM; isotypes, A, K,

NY, PE).
Manglietia tenuipes Dandy, J. Bot. 69: 232. 1931 . type:

R. C. Ching 7117 (holotype, BM; isotype, NY),
Manglietia glaucifolia Law, Guihaia 4(4): 263. 1986.

TYPE: China. Leishan, Guizhou: alt, 1,580 m, C. P.

Chien et al. 50689 (holotype, PE not seen).
Manglietia ovoidea Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci. Nat.

Univ. Sunyatseni {Guangzhou) I: 108. 1988. type:

B. L Chen Gs 86182 (holotype, SYS).

Tree to 28 m high and 55 cm diam., twigs
black-brown and covered with many annular slip-
ular scars, 4-5 mm diam., usually densely ferru-
gineously pubescent in innovations, soon glabres-
cent. Stipules pubescent, adnate to the base of the
petiole. Leaves thinly coriaceous to coriaceous, dark
glossy green, glabrous above, pale green to ±
glaucous, glabrous, or sometimes appressed-brown-
hairy when young, soon glabrescent, usually the

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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1035

FIGURE 2. Manglietia aromatica Dandy. — 1. Branch with deflorated flower. — 2, Flower. — 3. Flower, outer
tepals removed. — 4, Fruit. Based on SYS 161520 = Chen Bao Liang 86 S 109. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

hairs microscopically small and the leaves seem-
ingly glabrous beneath; elliptic to (narrowly) ob-
ovate, 12.3-19,6 x 4.3-6.4 cm; apex acute to
(shortly) acuminate, base narrowly cuneate; midrib

sulcate above, elevated below; nerves in 1 2— 1 4(—
17) pairs, meeting in a looped intraniarginal vein;
reticulation fine, inconspicuous on both sides. Pet-
iole pubescent, glabrescent, sulcate above, L2-

1036

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Figure 3. Manglietia conifera Dandy,- L Fruiting branch.- -2. Fruit. Based on SYS 161743 — Chen Baa
Liang CS 86-182. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1037

1.5 cm, stipular scars on petiole 3-7 mm long.
Peduncle variable in length, 1 .5-9 x 0.2-0.4 cm,
erect or recurved, glabrous to ± pubescent, pedicle
absent, bract single, spathaceous, pubescent, di-
rectly under the perianth, Tepals 9 11, the outer
tepals 3, yellowish green to green, obovate, thinly
coriaceous, ca, 3.5 x 2.4 cm, inner tepals 6-8,
spathulate, fleshy, outside glabrous, yellowish with
a flush of purple at the base, ca, 2.8 x 1.4 cm;
stamens numerous with purple base, 9-1 1 mm,
including 1-1 .5-mm-long blunt connective ap-
pendage; gynoecium ovoid, ca. L5 cm, carpels
20-28, glabrous, slightly connate when young,
styles glabrous, 1-2.5 mm long; ovules 3-11 in
each carpel. Ripe fruits ovoid to globose, 3,2-5.4
x 2.8-4.2 cm, the surface of the torus foveolate
because of the dense scars of the fallen stamens,
deeply depressed, scars of perianth and stamens
ca. 5-16 x 4-7 mm along the torus; fruiting
peduncle 1.5-9 x 0.2-0.4 cm, the dorsal face of
the carpels 16-22 X 7-9 mm, elliptic, opening
along the dorsal suture only or both along dorsal
and ventral suture, Seeds flat, subeordate, 7-9 X
6-8 mm,

Distribution. China and northern Vietnam. In CHI-
NA. Guangdong: Luoding, Wang PS. 614; Ruyuan,
Ko SP. 5292 1 1 Sunyi Tai to Fat Youk Chong Ping, Ko
S.P. 51777; Kung Ping Shan, and Vicinity Taan Faan,
Fang Cheng Dist., Tsang W.T. 26813. Guangxi: Na
Pa, Sup Man Ta Shan, Liang H.Y. 69538; Yeo Mar
Shan, Ching R.C. 7117; Me Kon, Seh Feng, Dar Shan,
S N arming, Ching R.C. 8390; Damiaoshan, Chun S.H,
14206. Yunnan: Maguang, Chen B.L. 87 F 195: Meng-
ze, Xu l.C 5

Ecology. Locally fairly common, in mixed ev-
ergreen forests, on sandshale hills. Altitude: 500-
1,700 m. Flowering May June; fruiting Septem-
ber-October.

Uses. Wood used tor general const ruction work
and furniture, bark used for medicine. Also grown
as an ornamental.

Note. The specimens examined are uniform
in all characters, but the variation in length of the
peduncles is considerable 1 . There are, however, in-
termediate forms.

We were not able to see the type of Mangiietia
glaucifolia Law, Fortunately, Law's original de-
scription gives enough information to enable us to
recognize it. Consideration ol the diagnostic char-
acters and the geographic distribution leads to the
conclusion that Mangiietia glaucifolia belongs to
Ma nglietia con if era .

3, Ma nglietia dandy i (Gagnep.) Dandy in Prag-
lowski, World Pollen Spore FL, 3 (Magnoli-

aceae): 5- 1974. Magnolia dandyl Gagnep.,
Notulae Syst. 8: 63. 1939. TYPE: Poilane
20714 (holotype, P). Figure 4,

Tree to 15 m high, ca. 18 cm diam,; bark gray,
quite rough; the indument with long, undulate to
curly, spreading^ rufous hairs; young twigs 7
mm diam,, at first densely pubescent, finally gla-
brescent, old ones gray to brown-gray, ± pubescent
to glabrous. Stipules densely pubescent, adnate lo
the petiole, scars 6-10 mm long. Leaves mem-
braneous to thinly coriaceous, dark green, slightly
pubescent, especially along the midrib above, glau-
cous, at first densely pubescent, sooner glabrescent
beneath, obovate, elliptic to obovate-elliptic, 16-
24 x 5-8.5 cm; apex short-acuminate, acumen
5-10 mm long, base cuneate to obtuse; midrib
slightly impressed above, nerves obscure above,
conspicuous below, in 8- 1 3 pairs, reticulation laxly
netted, not prominent on both sides. Petiole densely
pubescent, dilatate toward the base, 1.2-2.3 cm
long. Peduncle pubescent, ca. 1 x 0.5 cm, pedicle
absent; bracts 2, densely pubescent outside. Flower
bud ovoid; tepals 9-1 1, subequal, white to yellow-
ish, the outer 3 fleshy, obovate-oblong, pubescent
outside 1 at the base, 2-2.2 x 1.5-1.7 cm, the
inner tepals 6-8, obovate, glabrous, often abruptly
constricted near the base, 1.8- 2 x 0.9 1.6 cm;
stamens numerous, sparsely pubescent outside, 5.5-
7 mm long, connective appendage triangular, ca.
I mm long, filaments ca. 1 mm long; gynoecium
ovoid, 10-13 mm long, carpels 24-30, glabrous
to pubescent, ovules 2-10; scars of perianth and
stamens along torus ca, 6 mm long in flower. Fruit-
ing peduncles 2-4,5 x 0.5 cm. Fruits ovoid to
cylindric, 6-7.5 x 1.8-2.5 cm, entirely connate
when young; mature carpels glabrous or ± pu-
bescent, dorsal faces 1-1.6 cm long in upper and
2-3 cm long in lower carpels, dehiscing along the
dorsal suture; scars of perianth and stamens ca.
1.3 x 0.5 cm. Seeds orange- red. 1 -2 in each
carpel.

Distribution. China, Laos, and Vietnam. In CHINA.
Guangdong Huashuishan, Zheng P. 22; Ruyuan, Chen
B.L. 801 15; Ying-teh District, Ise H. 695; Huangtung,
Yaoshan, Sin S.S, 9966; Lok Chong, Tso C.L. 20508;
Lung T'au Mountain, near Iu, CX.C To Kang Peng cs
12179; Pan Ling Tsze, Chun W.Y. 5860. Guangxi:
Cangwu Xian, Chun S.ff. 10140; He Xian, Chen L.C.
500183. Yunnan: Marlipo, Sze-tai-po, Feng K.M. 13960;
Menglun, Chang N.T. 6342, Si-chour-hsien, Faa*doou,
Feng K.M. 11771; Wenshan, Guo T.X. 5; Xichou, Zhu
D.Q. 5.

Ecology. In evergreen broad -leaved forest.
Altitude: 1,450-2,000 m. Flowering April; fruiting
September-October.

1038

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Figure 4, Manglietia dandy i (Gagnep.) Dandy,— 1, Fruiting branch (Feng 13960, P). — 2. Partly deflorated
flower.- -3. Stamen.- -4. Outer petal. — 5. Inner petal (Poitane 207 14, P). Drawing by Joop Wessendorp, Rijksherbari-
urn, Leiden,

Collector's note. Fruits orange-red, usually
yellow-greenish tinged with a little red when mature
and becoming brown when dry.

Notes. C. Y. Wu & W. T. Wang (1957)
misidentified this species as Manglietia rufihar-
bata non Dandy (1928), The latter species is from
Vietnam and has not been recorded for China. Sec
also under Manglietia mo to.

The species has some noteworthy characters.
(1) The base of the lowest carpels is sometimes
deeurrent along the torus, so a short gynophore
seemingly occurs. (2) Sometimes there are three
ovules in the lowest carpels and two above the
middle carpels, instead of more than four ovules
as normal in Manglietia. (3) The carpels are from
glabrous to hairy throughout the area of its dis-

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1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1039

tribution. The mature fruits as seen in the field
often become greenish yellow instead of purple as
is common in fruits of Magnoliaceae.

4. Manglietia duclouxii Finct & Gagnep., Bull.
Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4: 33, t. 5A.
1905. Magnolia duclouxii (Finet & Cagnep,)
Hu in Hu & Chun, Icon. PI. Sin. 2: 18, t,
68S. 1929. TYPE: Ducloux 2133 (lectotype,
selected here, P).

Tree of ca. 8 m, young twigs slender, ca. 3 mm
diam., glabrous, yellow-brown, gray-black later.
Stipules sparsely hairy. Leaves thinly coriaceous
to coriaceous, glabrous, dark green above, pale
green, glabrous or scattered appressed-pubescent
with fine, rather short, straight, brown hairs, with
long colorless hairs along the; margin and the midrib
beneath, narrowly obovate to elliptic, 10.2-16 x
3—4 cm; apex acuminate, base cuneate; nerves
fine in 9-11 pairs; reticulation netted, inconspic-
uous. Petiole glabrous, lengthwise grooved above,
1-1-2 cm long, with a stipular scar 2-3 mm long.
Peduncle glabrous, 1.3—1.5 X 0*3-0,4 cm, bract
1, pedicle 2-3 mm long. Tepals 9, usually outer
ones larger than inner ones, fleshy, purple or red,
obovate to broadly obovate, 2.8-3.5 x 1.5-2.3
cm; stamens ca. 10 x 2 mm, including 2-3-mm-
long connective appendage and 1 -mm -long fila-
ments; gynoecium ellipsoid, 1,4-1 ,5 x 0,7 0.8
cm, carpels 45-55, narrowly elliptic, ferrugineou.s-
hairy, ca. 7-8 mm; styles glabrous, ca. 3-4 mm
long; ovules ca. 5 in each carpel. Fruits ovoid-
ellipsoid, ca. 3.5 cm long (not seen). Scars of peri-
anth and stamens 7-9 x 3-4 mm.

Distribution. Vietnam and China. In CHINA,
Guangxi; Longgui, Li Y.K. 430. Sichuan: Gu Lin Xian,
Qiao H.R. 1 114; Gulin, Gulin Yiyao Gongsi 846. Yun-
nan: Long ky, Maire E,E. s.n.; Malipo Xian, KlIN 76298;
Wenshan, Feng KM, 22369.

Ecology. In evergreen forest. Altitude: 700-
1,800 m. Flowering May-June; fruiting Septem-
ber-October,

Note* Manglietia duclouxii is easily recog-
nized by its slender twigs, thin, small leaves, which
are usually covered with minute, short, and rather
long hairs beneath, and the pubescent gynoecium.

Paramanglietia microcarpa Chang, Acta Sci. Nat, Univ.

Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 1: 53. 1961. TYPE: S. K.

Lau 4246 (holotype, SYS; isotype, A),
Manglietia hainanensis Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 204. 1930.

type: Tsang & Fung 656 in Herb, Lingn. Univ.

18190 (holotype, BM; isotypes, A, K, MO, NY).
Manglietia yuyuanensis Law, Bull. Bot. Res. (China) 5,

3: 125. 1985. TYPE: China, Zhejiang: Changhua

Xian, alt. 1,000 m, X. K Hoo 23326 (IBSC not

seen).

5, Manglietia fordiana Oliver in Hook., Icon.
PL 10: t. 1953. 1891. Magnolia fordiana
(Oliver) Hu, J. Arnold Arbor. 5: 228. 1924.
TYPE: C. Ford 90 (holotype, K).

5a Manglietia fordiana var. fordiana.

Tree to 30 m high and 1,5 m diam.; young
twigs 4-8{-10) mm diam., yellow-brown to dark
brown, usually glabrous, sometimes pubescent only
along the annular scars of the stipules. Stipules
usually ± pubescent with ferrugineous hairs, ad-
nate to the base of petiole. Leaves thinly coriaceous
to coriaceous, both sides glabrous or minutely scat-
tered-pubescent beneath, narrowly obovate, ob-
ovate-elliptic to narrowly elliptic, 8-16(-20) x
2.5-5.4(-7) cm; apex mucronate to acuminate,
base cuneate, sometimes slightly decurrenl into the
petiole; midrib impressed above, elevated and gla-
brous or hairy below, nerves in 8-12(^17) pairs,
reticulation coarse, hardly visible. Petiole glabrous
or pubescent, suleate on the upper side, 1.4-4,2
cm long, stipular scar glabrous or pubescent, 2-6
mm long. Peduncles glabrous or ferrugineous-pu-
bescent, 8-13 x 4 mm, pedicles absent or to 1
cm long; bracts 1-2. Tepals 9, the outer 3 slightly
larger than the inner ones, the tepals concave,
thinly coriaceous, obovate-elliptic, greenish out-
side, hardly pubescent outside at the base, 5,5-7
x 2.5-4 cm, the inner tepals pure white, fleshy,
spathulate to broadly obovate, with cuneate to short-
clawed base, 4-4.8 x 1.5-2.2 cm; stamens nu-
merous, 9-12 mm long, connective appendage short
triangular, ca. 1.8 mm long, filaments glabrous,
1.5-2 mm long; gynoecium ovoid to subglobose,
glabrous and smooth, 1.3-1.5 X 1-1.2 cm, car-
pels (12-)24-36, styles glabrous, 0.5-1 mm long.
Fruits ovoid or sometimes irregular-shaped because
the carpels are partly abortive, 2.5-6 x 2-3.5(-
5) cm; fruiting peduncle 1-2.5 x 0.4-0.6 cm,
pedicle l-5(-9) mm long; ripe carpels sometimes
only 4- 1 0, torus w ? ith scars of perianth and stamens
1.3-1.7 x 0.4-0.5 cm. Seeds flat-ovate, ellipsoid
or irregularly shaped, 6-10 x 4-7 mm.

Distribution. China and Vietnam. In CHINA. An-
hui: Wangshan, Cheng W.C. 4030. Fujian: Chung
H.H. 2940. Guangdong: Loh Fian mountain, Funk-
houser W.L. CCC 9082 a; Lok Chong, Tso CL 21005;
Luh Fau Mountain, Merrill EJ). 10904; Ruyuan, Chen

1040

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

B.L 315; Sunyi Dist., Wang C. 31135; Tsengshing
District, Naam Kwan Shan, Tsang W.T 20440. Guang-
xi : Cangwu Xian, Chun Sdi. 10035; He Xian, Li }\K.
401535; Lungnan Xian, Lau S,K. 4850; Pingnan, Wang
C. 39230. Hainan: Bak Sa, Lau S.K. 25956; Dai Land
Dungta, Chun N.K, & C.L. Tso 43956; Dung Ka to
Wen Fa Shi, Chun N.K. & C.L. Tso 43687; Fan ya to
Y»k Tsok Mau, McClure F.A. CCC 9652; Jianfong,
Chang ILT. 6095. Zhejiang: King Yuan, Ching H.C.
2472. HONG KONG. Tai Mo Shan: Chan K.Y\ 1033;
Ma On Shan, Hu S. Y. 10169 A. Also in Yunnan, Guizhou,
Jiangzi, Hunan.

Ecology. In subtropical evergreen broad-
leaved forest; usually the trees grow on granite and
sandshale. It was reported that this tree was easily
cultivated and grew fast. It had attained a height
of 18 in and a diameter of ca. 23 cm after 28
years at Xinyi Xian in Guangdong Province. Al-
titude: 500-1,300 in. Flowering April-May; fruit-
ing August-October.

I ses. Because of the nicely structured and
medium-hard wood, the timber is used for house
building, veneer, furniture, and musical instru-
ments. The local people in Guangxi treat dry cough
and constipation with the bark. The tree is also
cultivated as an ornamental.

Collectors note. The bark is brownish gray,
smooth; branches are dark gray; leaves are glossy
dark green above and pale green below; the flower
buds are solitary, terminal, ovoid, flowers are creamy
white, fragrant* anthers red; young fruits are pur-
plish; seed coat is orange.

Note. Manglietia hainanensis is conspecific
with Manglietia fordiana. It differs from the latter
only in the length of the pedicle and the texture
of the leaves. Although the pedicle usually is absent
in Manglietia hainanensis, it sometimes occurs
and then varies in length from to 5 mm, occa-
sionally to 7-9 mm (//. Y. Liang 62008) through-
out its geographical range. The leaves of Man-
glietia hainanensis are generally thinner than those
of Manglietia fordiana. This difference is not a
reliable character, however, because the leaves of
Manglietia fordiana show a continuous variation
in texture. Thus, there is no character left to dis-
tinguish Manglietia hainanensis from Manglietia
fordiana. Regarding Manglietia yuyuanensis,
there is no doubt that it is conspecific with Man-
glietia fordiana, despite its glabrous leaves. The
degree of hairiness varies in Manglietia fordiana,
too. Manglietia yuyuanensis represents an ex-
treme, glabrous form. Manglietia fordiana and all
synonyms mentioned above possess a leaf hypo-
dermic with sinuous anticlinal walls and ± suhglo-
bose to ovoid sclereids, not known in other species
of Manglietia in China. Manglietia globosa and

Paramanglietia microcarpa are easily recogniz-
able as Manglietia fordiana.

5b. Manglietia fordiana var. calcarea (X. IL
Song) B. L. Chen & Nooteboom, stat. nov,
Manglietia calcarea X. IL Song, J. Nanjing
Inst. Forest. 4: 46. 1984. TYPE: China, Gui-
zhou: Mogan, Libo Xian, alt, 670 m, A. //.
Song <&: F. Gao 640 (NF not seen).

Tree to 14 m high and 35 cm diam,; young
twigs 5-7 mm diam.; plant entirely glabrous except
for the stipules. Stipules densely pubescent with
straight, appressed, brown hairs, adnate to the very
base of the petiole, scars 4-5 mm long. Leaves
coriaceous, rigid, dark green above, obovate-ellip-
tic to narrowly obovate, 14.5-20 x 3.5-7 cm;
apex rounded with an acumen 6- 1 0(- 1 4) mm long,
base attenuate-cuneate; midrib impressed above,
elevated beneath, nerves obscure above, visible to
hardly prominent below, in 14-17 pairs. Petiole
2.8-3,8 cm long, dilatate toward the base. Pe*
dunele 5-8(-20) x 5 6 mm, pedicle 6 8 mm
long. Tepals 9, white, the outer 3 obovate-elliptic,
ca. 6.2 X 2,5 cm, apex rounded, the inner tepals
spathulate, 4,5-5,5(-6) cm long; stamens many,
1.2 cm long, connective appendage triangular, ea.
1.8 mm long, filaments ca. 2 mm long; gynoecium
broadly ellipsoid, ca. 1.6-2 x 1 cm, carpels 12-
16(-30), ovules ca. 7; torus with the scars of
perianth and stamens 8-14 X 5-6 mm. Fruiting
peduncle ca. 9-11 x 6 mm. Fruit ovoid to ovoid-
globose, ca. 6 x 5 cm, ripe carpels ligneous, dorsal
face elliptic, dehiscing along the dorsal venture;
scars of perianth and stamens 1.2-1,3 x 0.7 0.8
cm. Seeds oblong, 8-10 x 5-6 mm, 2-5 in each
carpel.

Distribution. CHINA. Guizhou; Pinfa, Ca valeric
X 3182; Yunnan -sen District, Cavuterie J. 2263.

Ecology. In margin of forest, growing on lime-
stone. Altitude: 600 800 m. Flowering April- May;
fruiting August-September.

Uses. Good timber, beautiful flowers; the tree
also cultivated as an ornamental.

Note. This variety is characterized by both
twigs and leaves being glabrous, the gynoecium
broadly ellipsoid, and the carpels narrowly elliptic.

5c, Manglietia fordiana var. forrestii (W. W.
Smith ex Dandy) B. L. Chen & Noot., stat.
nov. Manglietia jorrestii W. \\ . Smith ex
Dandy, Notes Roy. Bot, Gard, Edinburgh 1(>:

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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1041

126. 1928. typk: G. Forrest 26705 A (ho-
lotype, E; isotypes, A, K, NY).

Manglietia globosa Chang, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Suny-
atseni (Guangzhou) k 53. 1961, type; R. C. Ching
8394 (holotype, SYS; isotype, NY).

Tree to 18 m high, 46 cm diam.; stipules, young
twigs, petiole, peduncles, and outer tepals outside
at the base densely brown-pubescent with short to
long, straight, oppressed hairs; young twigs brown-
ish, 3-6 mm diam., old ones dull brown, gray
pubescent with straight to curly hairs; leaves and
midrib scattered-pubescent with short, straight hairs
beneath. Stipules adnate to the base of the petiole.
Leaves coriaceous, bright green, glabrous above,
pale green below, usually obovate, rarely narrowly
obovate, 13-24.5 x 5.4-9.6 cm; apex mucronate
to abruptly acuminate, acumen 5-17 mm long,
base cuneate; nerves fine, in 9-14 pairs; reticu-
lation distinct beneath, fine or coarse. Petiole sili-
cate on upper face, dilated toward the base, 1.5-
2.6 cm long, stipular scars 2-8 mm long. Pedun-
cles stout, 1.4-2.6 x 0.4-1 cm, pedicles 2-5 mm
long. Flowers pure white, fragrant; tepals 9(-10),
outer 3 thinly coriaceous, obovate to oblong-ob-
ovate, brown-pubescent outside at the base, 6.3-
7 x 3.4-4.8 cm, the inner tepals 6, fleshy, spath-
ulate, obovate to ± subcircular, clawed at the
base, 4-5,3 X 2—3.5 cm; stamens 1-1.5 cm long,
connective appendage obtuse, filaments ca, 1 mm
long; gynoecium ovoid, smooth, 1.22.2 x 1-1.4
crn, carpels 26-28, styles 1-2 mm long. Fruiting
peduncles, 1.7-2.6 x 0.6-1 cm, pedicles 2-8
mm long. Fruits ovoid, 4-5.5 x 3.5-5 cm, dorsal
faces of carpels 1.5-2 crn long in the upper to
3.5-4 cm long in the lower carpels, carpels densely
papuliferous, with short beak, dehiscing along dor-
sal and ventral suture; torus with scars of perianth
and stamens 1.3-2.2 x 0,5-0,9 cm.

Distribution. China and Annam. In CHINA. South-
western Cuangxi: Chu Fang Shan, 30 Li S W of Shan
Fang, Wang C-W. 3930 L Ching R.C 5910. Southern
Yunnan: Cangyuan, Li S.P. Mu 199; hills NW of Ten-
gyueh, Forrest G. 27300; Nan-Chiao, Wang CW. 73474;
Szemeo, Forrest G. 1 1988; Pingpien, Feng K.M. 5193;
Si-chour-hsien, Ting-maim, 12254,

Ecology. In mixed broad -leaved or deciduous
forests. Altitude: 540-2,400 m. Flowering June;
fruiting September-October.

Collector's notes. Widely branched; flowers
green-white or pure soft white, fleshy, fragrant,
anthers purple; fruits creamy reddish.

Uses. The timber is used for doors, windows,
and furniture.

Note. This variety differs from variety for-
diana in young twigs, stipules, undersides of the
leaves, petioles, peduncles, and the outer tepals
outside at the base being brown pubescent; the
leaves are larger, to 24.5 cm long and 9.6 cm
wide.

5d. Manglietia fordiana var, kwangtuiigen-

sis (Merr.) B. L. Chen & Nooteboom, stat.
nov . Ma nglietia kwangtungen sis ( Merr.)
Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927: 264. 1927. Mag-
nolia kwangtungensis Merr., J. Arnold Ar-
bor. 8: 5. 1927. type: K. P. 7b, W. T. Tsang
& U. K. Tsang 345 in C. C C. 12344 (ho-
lotype; A; isotypes, BM, E, MO, SYS, I C) +

Tree 15 m liigh; young twigs, stipules, midrib
beneath, petiole and peduncles densely pubescent
with short to long, straight to undulate, rufous
hairs; young twigs 4-5 mm diam. Leaves dark
green glossy above, pale green, scattered ap-
pressed-pubeseent with short, straight, rufous hairs
below, coriaceous, (narrowly) obovate, 14.4- 19 x
3.2-6.4 cm; apex (shortly) acuminate, base nar-
rowly cuneate to cuneate; nerves fine in 9 1 3
pairs, reticulation inconspicuous on both sides. Pet-
iole sulfate above, 1.3 2.2 cm long, stipular scars
3-5 mm long. Peduncles 2.2—3.1 x 0.4 cm, with
only one bract scar near the base of perianth,
pedicle 1-2 mm long. Tepals 9, the outer 3 ob-
ovate-oblong, coriaceous, greenish with a flush of
purple, ± brown hairy outside at base, 4—4,5 x
2-2.5 cm, the inner tepals 6, white, spathulate to
obovate, short-clawed at base, thick, fleshy, 2.7-
4*5 x 0.9-2.3 cm; stamens 0,7-1.5 cm long,
connective appendage blunt, ea. 1 mm long, fila-
ments glabrous, ca. 1 mm long; gynoecium broadly
ovoid, 1.1-1.5 x 0.9-1.1 cm, carpels 44-49,
styles 1-1.5 mm long, scars of perianth and sta-
mens along the torus 0.9- 1-2 x 0.4 cm. Fruits
ovoid to irregularly shaped because partly abortive,
2.5-3.5 x 2.5 crn; fruiting peduncles 3-3.5 x
0.5 cm, pedicles ca. 5 mm long; ripe carpels 7-
10 mm long.

Distribution. CHINA. Guangdong: Ruyuan,
Yingde, C.C.C. 12344. Cuangxi: Darniaoshan, Chen
T.C 617.

Ecology- In mixed forest. Altitude: 700- 1 ,000
m. Flowering May-June.

Note, Because of its rufous or red-brown in-
dumentum, it is not too difficult to distinguish Man-
glietia fordiana var. kwangtungensis from vari-
eties fordiana and forrestii. In addition, variety

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pels, and bigger fruits; the fruits are the largest in
Chinese Manglietias so far as we know. We have
not seen the mature flowers and therefore cannot
describe them in detail.

9. Manglietia hookeri Cubit t & W. W. Smith,
Records Bot. Surv. India 4: 273. l ( M3. Mag-
nolia hookeri (Cubit t & W. W. Smith) Raju
& Nayar, Indian J. Bot. 3, 2: 170, 1980.

SYNTYPKS: Siliim and other station:- in tin- Hlia-
mo division of Upper Burma: Cuhit t 302 A,
327 (CAL not seen), Rorigrrs 311 (CAL).

Free to 25 m high, 90 cm diam.; young twigs,
stipules, petiole, and peduncles covered with an
indument of straight, white, silver, to brownish
appressed hairs. Twigs brown, stout, (4 )8 12 mm
diam. Stipules adnate to the base of the petiole.
Leaves glabrous on both sides, coriaceous, narrowly
obovate (or elliptic), 21-32 x 6,5-10 cm; apex
acuminate, base cuneate, ± decurrent along the
petiole; nerves in 12-19 pairs, reticulation prom-
inent when dry. Petiole conspicuously sulcate above,
2-3.5 cm long, stipular scar obvious, nearly to the
base of the blade, usually 1 .2-2 cm long. Peduncles
stout, 1.5 3.7 x 0,5—0,7 cm, pedicles 0.7 -1,3
cm long. Flowers white, ca. 10 cm diam,; tepals
9- 12, the outer 3 thinly coriaceous, obovate, 7
10 X 3,5-4 em, creamy above the middle, be-
coming greenish toward the base, the inner tepals
6-9, thick, fleshy, spathulate to obovate, 7-8,5
x 3-3*5 cm, narrow r ly and short-clawed at base;
stamens 1.7-2.2 mm long, connective appendage
triangular with a sharp-pointed tip, 1-2 mm long,
filaments 3-5 mm long. Gynoecium ovoid to broad-
ellipsoid, 1.8-2.3 x 1,3-1*5 cm; carpels 50-64,
reddish brown when dry, styles black-brown, 4-7
mm long. Scars of fallen perianth and stamens 1 .6-
2 x 0,6-0,7 cm. Fruiting peduncles 1,7-4 x
0.7-1 cm, pedicles 0.9 1.5 cm long. Fruits ovoid
to subglobose, 7-9,5 x 6-6.5 cm; dorsal face of
the ripe carpels from 1-1.3 cm long in the upper
to 2.3-3 cm long in the lower carpels, short -beaked,
smooth, dehiscing dorsally. Seeds ovate, elliptic-
ovoid, elliptic to irregularly shaped, 8-13 x 5-7
mm.

Distribution. China and Upper Burma. In CHINA.
Guizhou: Wangmo Xian, Zhang Z.S. 1395. South-
western Yunnan: Shweli-Salwin divide, Forrest C
15952; Chen-Kang Hsien, Wang C.W. 72797; Hills 3
days Sof Tengyueh, 24°40'N, 98°30'E, Forrest G. 27364;
Jingdong, Li M.K. 3515; Menghai, Li YJf. 4068; Tung-
kwong valley, 25°5'N, Forres! G. 7725; Shuning, Yu T.T*
16559; Tengchong, Li IV. Z. 827 I.

Ecology. In mixed forests. Altitude: 1,000-
3,000 m. Flowering April-May; fruiting October.

Collector* $ note. The flower buds green, flow-
ers white, purple- white, deep pink fleshy; fruit fol-
licles conelike, green or black.

10. Manglietia insignis (Wall.) Blume, Fl. Ja-
vae: MagnoL 22. 1828. Magnolia insignis
Wall., Tent. Fl. Nepal.: 3, t. L 1824. TYPE:

(/ alii ch 973 (holotype, K; isotypes, HM, VAX).

Magnolia shanpaensis Hu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 157.

1951. TYPE: H. T. Tsai 5656(1 p.p. (holotype, PE;

usotype, A).
Manglietia yunnanensis Hu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 159.

1951. type: H: T. Tsai 56560, p.p. (holotype, PE).
Manglietia patungensis Hu, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 335.

195L type: H. C, Chow 484 (holotype, PE; iso-
types, A, E, NY).
Manglietia maguamea Chang & B, L, Chen, Acta Sci,

Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 1: 109. 1988.

type B. L. Chen & K H. Su 86 S 053 (holotype,

SYS).
Manglietia tenui folia Chang & B, L, Chen, Acta Sci,

Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 1: 110, 1988,

type B. L. Chen & Li 86 S 195 (holotype, SYS).

Tree to 25 m high and 50 cm diam.; young
twigs glabrous or ferrugineous to yellowish pubes-
cent at the node, usually 3-8 mm diam. Stipules
glabrous, sometimes pubescent, adnate to the base
of the petiole, 19-27 mm long. Leaves thinly co-
riaceous to coriaceous, shining green above, pale
green, glabrous to minutely pubescent beneath,
narrowly obovate to elliptic, 1 4.5-26. 5(-30) x
4.3-7.8 cm; apex acuminate to mucronate, acu-
men 5-15 mm long; base cuneate, ± attenuate
along the petiole; nerves fine, in 10-22 pairs, re-
ticulation densely netted, prominent on both sur-
faces. Petiole sulcate above, 1 .7-3,5 cm long, stip-
ular scars glabrous or sometimes scattered-hairy,
4-10(-13) mm long. Peduncles glabrous to pu-
bescent only near the scar of the fallen bract, 1
L5 x 0.4 cm, pedicles 3-5 mm long. Flowers
fragrant, tepals 9-12, the outer 3 obovate-oblong,
5-7 x 2-2.5 cm, thinly coriaceous, brown-green-
ish, sometimes white-hairy outside at the base, re-
flexed later, the inner 6-9 white to purple, spathu-
late to narrowly obovate, short -clawed at base, 5-
6.5 x 1,3-2.5 cm; stamens 1.3-1.6 cm long,
connective appendage triangular with a sharply
pointed tip, 1 2 mm long, filaments glabrous, 2-
5 mm long; gynoecium ovoid to ovoid-cylindric,
1,7-2.8 x 1-1.2 cm, carpels 50-86, glabrous,
styles glabrous, 2-4 mm long. Fruiting peduncles
1.2-2,5 x 0.5-1 cm, pedicles 0.5-1.1 cm long.
Fruits ovoid-oblong, sometimes irregularly shaped
because part of carpels abortive, 6.5- 1 1 x 3-4
cm, the sears of perianth and stamens along the
torus 1,4-2 x 0,6-0,7 cm; ripe carpels 0,7-1.2

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1045

cm long in the upper and 1-2 cm long in the lower
carpels, dehiscing along the dorsal suture, obvi-
ously papuliferous, apex short-beaked.

Distribution, Nepal, northeastern India, China,
northern Burma, northern Vietnam. In CHINA. Guang-
xi: Damiaoshan, Chun SJI. 15857; He Xian, Chen Z.Z<,
52125; Lingui, 51153; Longsheng, 51 134; Quan Xian,
Tsoong C.H+ 81657. Guizhou: Kaili Xian, Qiannan
Exped. 2081; In silva frondosa collis ad vie. Yudong,
Haad.-Mazz. 2099. Hunan: Xinning Ziyushan, Li Z.Y.
56; Ghengbu, Cao TM. 830703; Yongshun, Hunan
Exped. 387. Hubci: Patung Hsien, Chow H.C. 484,
Sichuan: Jiang] in Xian, Chen S.J. 840092; Kuan-hsien,
Liu KS. 1401; Miyi Xian, Wti S.K. 85. Xizang: Mt.
Kenichunpo, eastern and western Salwin and Irraway
divide, Rock J.F. 21991; Tsarong, Forrest G, 18964;
Shweli-Salwin divide, N of Ho-tou, 26738. Yunnan:
K'raikha-Sahveen divide, Forrest G. 18371; Salween-Me-
kong divide, 14402; Shangpa Hsien, Tsai H.T. 56560;
Shunning Hila, Wumulung, Yu TT 16727; Tengyueh
valley 25°N, Forrest G* 8678; Wen shan Hsien, Tsai
II. T. 51702; Salwin-Kui chiang divide, 28°24'N, 98°24'E,
Forrest G 20844; Chen-Kang Hsien, Wang CW\ 72322.

Ecology. In mixed forests, usually growing on
yellow loam. Altitude: 600-2,000 m. Flowering
May- June; fruiting August-September.

Uses. Wood used for furniture, tree grown as
an ornamental because of its beautiful flowers.

Collector's notes. Bark gray, smooth; flowers
greenish shaded purplish outside-, white, ivory white,
yellow-white to deep purple inside, fleshy, fragrant;
leaves green above, pale green below, bruised leaves
spicy-fragrant; fruit follicles conelike, green when
young, orange-green, reddish yellow, red later.

Note. Manglietia ins ignis is a very wide-
spread species. It therefore displays many varia-
tions in shape and size of the leaves as well as size
and color of the flowers throughout the area of
distribution.

curved upward and meeting in an intramarginal
vein; all lesser veins forming a coarse reticulation
on rather dull upper faces; petiole glabrous, often
conspicuously thickened toward its base, 3,6-6 cm
long, stipular scars 16-45 mm long. Peduncle pu-
bescent as stipules, ca. 1.4 cm long and 6 mm
thick, pedicle with same indumentum, 5-6 mm
long; spathaceous bract only one, rather thick co-
riaceous, broadly obovate, at the base of pedicle,
its outside face pubescent, 83 x 69 mm, Tepals
9(-l 1), purple, the outer 3 narrowly obovate, fleshy,
12-14 x 5.8-6 cm, the inner 6-8 in two rows,
shorter and narrower than the outer tepals. Sta-
mens numerous. Gynoecium ovoid, ca. 2.7 x 1,8
cm, carpels 70-80, glabrous, nearly entirely con-
nate when young. Fruits ovoid -globose, 9.5 x 8-
10 cm, torus with scars of perianth and stamens
ca. 3 x 2 cm; fruiting peduncle ca. 4.5 x 1 cm,
pedicle ca, 2,5 x 1 cm, ripe carpels ligneous, 20-
35 x 8-10 mm, abaxial part 10-15 mm long,
dehiscing along the dorsal suture at first and later
also along the ventral suture. Seeds ca. 3 in each
carpel.

Distribution. CHINA: Southeastern Yunnan:

Maguan, B. L. Chen & C. N. Mai 87 T 002.

Ecology. In secondary forest. Altitude: 550-
670 m. Flowering March May; fruiting Septem-
ber October.

Note. Manglietia lac Ida is apparently most
closely allied to Manglietia garrettii and Man-
glietia grandis. It differs from the former by the
obovate leaves, glabrous leaves and petioles, and
bigger flowers, and from the latter by the pubescent
stipules and peduncles, as well as by its smaller
fruits.

1 1 . Manglietia lucida B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang,
Acta Sci. Nat. Univ, Sunyatseni (Guangzhou)
3: 94. 1988. type: B. L. Chen & C. N. Mai
87 T 002 (holotype, SYS), Figure 6.

Tree to 18 m high and 65 cm diam.; young
twigs stout, 8-10 mrn diam,, grayish, smooth, often
longitudinally wrinkled when dry, glabrous to mi-
nutely hairy. Stipules ferrugineous-pubescent, ad-
nate to the base of the petiole, 3-4(— 11.5) cm
long. Leaves coriaceous, glabrous on both sides,
with slightly recurved margins, obovate, approxi-
mately three times as long as broad, dark green
and glossy above, often pale green below, 27-44
x 11-16 cm; apex acuminate, acumen 10-25
mm long; base cuneate, decurrent with two ridges
into the petiole; midrib lengthwise sulcate above,
rather elevated below; nerves in 13-19 pairs,

12. Manglietia megaphylla Hu & Cheng, Acta
Phytotax. Sin, 1: 159. 1951, TYPE: China.
Yunnan: Faadou, Sichour Hsien, 1,100 m, C.
W* Wang 8S156 (holotype, PE not seen).
Figure 7,

Free to 25 m high and 85 cm diam.; buds,
young twigs, stipules, petiole, midrib and nerves
below r , and peduncles densely villous with rather
long, undulate to curly, dark brown or rufous hairs;
twigs stout, 8-12 mm diam., black-brown. Stipules
adnate to the base of the petiole. Leaver thinly
coriaceous, dark green, glabrous above, pale green,
scattered -villous w T ith long, undulate to curly, dark
brown hairs below, obovate, 23-40 x 9.4-17 cm;
apex acute to abruptly short-acuminate, base cu-
neate; nerves visible beneath, in 20 22 pairs; re-
ticulation coarsely netted, prominent on both sur-

1046

Annals of the

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Figure 6, Manglietia lucida B, L. Chen & S. C. Yang. — 1. Fruiting branch. — 2* Bract. — 3, Outer tepal
4. Inner tepal. — 5. Follicle, Based on SYS 161496 = Chen Bao Liang 87 T 002. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1047

FIGURE 7. MangUetia megaphylla Hu & Cheng. — 1. Branch with flower bud. — 2. Fruit. — 3. Follicle. — 4
Undersurface of leaf. Based on SYS 161435 = Chen Baa Liang 87 T 102, Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

faces. Petiole usually dilatate toward the base, 1 .5—
3,7 cm long, stipular scars 0.7-3 cm long. Flowers
not seen. Fruits ovoid to globose or oblong, ca. 7-
9 x 6.5-8.5 cm; carpels 57-65, 2.5-3 cm long,

apex with sharp beak 4-7 mm long, slightly re-
curved, dehiscing along the dorsal and the ventral
suture; fruiting peduncles stout, ca. 1-3 x 1-1,3
cm. Pedicle 6 mm.

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Distribution* CHINA. Guangxii Donglin, Chang
C*C. 11438. Yunnan: Maguang, Chen B,L. GS 9 5;
Si-chour-hsien, Faa Doou, Feng K. M. 1 1808.

Ecology. In evergreen broad -leaved forests,
Altitude: 800 1,500 m. Flowering April; fruiting
September -October.

Uses. Wood straight -grained, eoarse-tex hired
and durable, moderately ligbt and soft, commonly
used for construction work, furniture, and plywood.

Collector** note. Fruit pale green, globose.

Note. In Manglietia megaphylla the distin-
guishing characters are the rufous indumentum
with dense and long hairs, large leaves, and ovoid
to oblong-ovoid fruits.

13. Manglietia microtricha Law, Bulb Bot. Res.
(China) 5(3): 125, t. 4. 1985. type: Tibet
Complex Exped. 74-1847 (holotype, PE not
seen).

Tree to 30-40 m high, 40-60 cm diam.; young
twigs stout, 6-10 mm diam. Stipules appressed
brown pubescent, adnate to the base of the petiole,
sears 6 13 mm long. Leaves coriaceous, green.
glabrous above, glaucous beneath, obovate, 13-
16 x 5-7 cm; apex short-acuminate, base cuneate;
nerves in 15-17 pairs, reticulation fine, densely
netted, prominent on both sides when dried. Petiole
2-2.5 cm long. Flower not seen. Fruiting peduncle
ca, 1.5 cm long. Fruit ovoid, ca. 6 cm long, the
dorsal face of the ripe carpel narrowly ellipsoid,
appressed brown pubescent, with a ca. 3 -mm -long
beak at the apex. Seeds brownish, 1.5 2 em long.

Distribution. CHINA. Xizang (Moyuo).

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forest.
Altitiude: 2,000 m. Fruiting September-October.

Note. No collections of this species were avail-
able; thus, hased on Law's original description,
Manglietia microtricha seems closely related to
Manglietia szechuanica.

14. Manglietia motn Dandy, Notes Roy. Bot.
Gard. Edinburgh 16: 128. 1928. TYPE: K. P.
To, It ". T. Tsang <£ ILK. Tsang 180 in C C.
C 12179 (holotype, A; isotypes, MO, SYS,
UC),

Tree to 20 rn high, 60 cm diam.; buds, young
twigs, stipules, petiole, midrib below, bracts and
peduncles densely villous with rather long crispy
to curly dark brown to rufous hairs; young twigs
4-5 mm diam. Leaves green, glossy above, scat-
tered-hairy with long, undulate to curly dark brown
hairs beneath, glabrescent later, coriaceous, (nar-

rowly) obovate, 11-19 x 5-7 cm; apex mucronate
to acuminate, base cuneate to broadly cuneate,
nerves in 9-19 pairs, reticulation obscure on both
sides; petiole lengthwise narrowly sulcate above,
1.5-3.7 cm long, stipular scars narrowly trian-
gular, 0.4 1 ,5( 3) cm long. Peduncles 4.3-9 cm
x 4-6 mm, pedicle absent. Flowers fragrant; tepals
9, creamy white, the outer 3 coriaceous, oblong
to ovate-oblong, ± hairy outside at the base, 3.7-
5.7 x 2-2.5 cm, the inner 6 thick and fleshy,
spathulate to obovate, slightly concave, the inner-
most ones usually becoming short -clawed toward
the base, 9-12 X 1-1.8 cm; stamens numerous,
1.1-1.4 cm long, connective appendage semi-
rounded or sometimes with a short, sharp tip, 1-
1.5 mm long, filaments glabrous, ca. 1 mm long;
gynoecium broadly ovoid, 1.3-1.5 x 1-L2 cm,
number of carpels 48-71; styles ca. 2 mm long;
scars of the fallen perianth and stamens 9-12 x
4-7 mm. Fruiting peduncles ca. I 1 x 0.5-0.6
cm. Fruits ovoid, 5-7 x 3.5-6 cm; carpels pap-
uliferous on the dorsal face, apex with a ca, 2-3-
mm-long beak. Seeds ovoid to elliptic, 6-9 x 4-
6 mm, 6-9 in each carpel.

Distribution. CHINA, Guangdong; Wat Shui Shan,
North river region, Chun W.Y* 7353; Yuyuen distr., Ko
S.P* 53514; also reported form Ruyuan, Yaoshan, Ying-
teh, Lokchong, and Huanshuishan. Western, central, and
northern Guangxi (He Xian, Cangwu Xi). Southern Hu-
nan.

Ecology t In mixed forests. Altitude*: 400-900
m. Flowering May June; fruiting August-Septem-
ber.

Uses. Wood fine-textured, soft, used for gen-
eral construction work and furniture.

Collector's note. Bark dull gray, flowers
creamy white.

Notes. See Dandy (1928a). Manglietia moto
is a notable species and is easily distinguished by
its rufous iudument and long peduncles.

Manglietia rufibarbata, which was originally
collected from Vietnam, has not been recorded in
China so far as we know. In our opinion, it closely
resembles Manglietia moto in all characters, ex-
cept for its stout peduncles and the fruits with
rufous hairs. Because we have not seen sufficient
material of Manglietia rufibarbata, we still main-
tain it here.

The type was identified as Magnolia kwang-
tungensis Merr. by Merrill (1927a) = Manglietia
for di an a Oliver var. kicangtungensis.

15. Manglietia paehyphylla Chang, Acta Sci.
Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 1: 53,

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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1049

1961- type; P. S. Wang & //. //. Chitt 241
(holotype, SYS). Figure 8.

Manglietia crassipes Law, Bull* Rot. Res. (China) 2: 133.
1982. TYPE: China, Guangxi: Jinxiu Xian, 1,300 m,
Q. H. Lu 4319 (holotype, IBK not seen).

Tree 16 m high and 30 cm diam.; bark gray-
black; twigs dull black, stout, ca. 1 cm diam.,
glabrous, covered with a waxy substance; stipules
brown-villous, adnate to very base of the petiole*
Leaves coriaceous, thick, rigid when dry, glabrous,
dark glossy green above, pale green, minutely pu-
bescent beneath, (narrowly) obovate or elliptic, 1 3-
32 x 5-10 cm; apex blunt, short-acuminate; base
cuneate; nerves in 8-14 pairs, faint on both sur-
faces, reticulation obscure. Petiole stout, sulcate
above, 3-5 cm long, stipular scars 1-7 mm long.
Peduncles minutely pubescent, ca. 1.7-2 x 0.7
cm, pedicle ca. 4 nun long; bract only one, broadly
ovate, coriaceous, glabrous, ca. 4.8 x 7 cm. Flow-
ers fragrant, tepals 9, white, the outer 3 oblong,
coriaceous, 5.5-8 x 3,2-3,5 crn, the inner 6
obovate or broadly obovate, attenuate toward the
base, convex, thick and fleshy, 3.2-4.3 x 2.5 3
cm, the innermost tepals usually short-clawed ba-
sally; stamens 0.7-1,2 cm long, connective ap-
pendage with rounded apex, ca, 1 mm long, fila-
ments glabrous, ca. 1 mm long; gynoeciurn ovoid,
ca, 2.2 x L8 cm; styles glabrous, ca, 1 nun long;
the torus with scars of perianth and stamens ca.
1,5 x 0.7 cm. Fruiting peduncles 3-5.5 x 1-
1.2 cm. Fruits ellipsoid, 5-7 x 4.5 crn; ripe carpels
38-46, ca. 1.5-2,5 mm long, short-beaked. Seeds
3-4 in each carpels, flat globose, 5 mm diam.

Distribution. CHINA. Guangdong: Conghus Xian,
Guang 242: Tsung-hwa District, Sam Kok Shan, Wang
P.S. & Chiu, H.S. 24 U Tsang W.T. 25175, Guizhou:
Anlong Xian, Huangshan Exped. 3049. Also reported
from Guangxi (Dayaoshan and Jinxiu Shan).

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forests.
Altitude: 800-1,500 m. Flowering May; fruiting
August-September.

Uses. The timber is used for general construc-
tion work, furniture and plywood; the tree is grown
also as an ornamental plant because of its handsome

crown.

Notes, The type specimen of Manglietia
crassipes has not been seen. However, according
to the published description and the collections
examined, it is clear that Manglietia crassipes is
conspecific with Manglietia pachyphylla.

16. Manglietia szechuanica Hu, BulL Fan.
Mem. Inst. Biol. (Peiping) 10: 117. 1940.

type: 7' 71 Yu 3105 (holotype, PE; isotype,
A).

Tree 15 m high and 30 cm diam.; young twigs
green, 4-5 mm diam., at first yellowish villous,
soon glabrescent or only hairy at the nodes; stipules
pubescent, adnate to the base of the petiole. Leaves
glabrous above, pale green, appressed-pubescent
with short, straight, brown hairs on the surface
and with rather long, straight, colorless to yellowish
hairs along midrib and margins beneath, coria-
ceous, narrowly obovate, 13-20 x 4-7.3 cm;
apex mucronate to acuminate, acumen 15-17 mm
long; base narrowly cuneate to cuneate; midrib
impressed above, elevated below, white villous with
brown pigment, nerves fine in 8-19 pairs, retic-
ulation coarse. Petiole white villous or later gla-
brescent, 1,5-2.5 cm long, stipular scars 9-11
mm long. Peduncles villous, glabrescent, 1-1.6 x
0.4-0,5 cm, pedicles 3-4 mm long. Flowers white;
tepals 9, the outer 3 ovate-oblong, greenish with
a flush of purple, sparsely villous, 4-5,5 x 2 2.8
cm, the inner 6 oblong to obovate, short-clawed at
base, 4.5-6 x 1 .5-3 cm; stamens 1.2-2 cm long,
connective appendage triangular; gynoeciurn ovoid-
ellipsoid, 1.7-2,5 x 1.5-3 cm, carpels 42-58,
the lower narrowly ellipsoid, yellowish pubescent,
8-10 mm long. Styles glabrous, 4-6 mm long.
Scars of perianth and stamens 7-10 x 5 mm.

Distribution. CHINA. Northern Yunnan: Sui-
jiang. Sun B., S. 34 L Southern and central Sichuan;

Omei Xian, Chow H.C. 11944: Pingshan, Yu T.T. 3105.

Ecology- Altitude: 1 ,400- 1 ,800 m.

(!ailrctor\s note. Flowers pink or pur pie -red,
scented. Bark grayish brown, smooth; leaves dark
green above, yellowish brown with long hairs be-
neath.

17. Manglietia ventii Tiep, Feddes Repert. 91,
9-10: 560. 1980. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Din-
bian Hsien, alt. 880 m, 9 Aug. 1953, P. /.
Mao 2842 (LE not seen).

Tree to 30 m high. Young twigs 2-3,5 mm
diam., black -gray, densely appressed-tomentellous
with short, straight, glistening, yellowish hairs, old
ones ± gray-pubescent to glabrescent. Stipules yel-
lowish appressed-tomentellous, adnate to the base
of the petiole, scars 1-2 cm long. Leaves usually
crowded at the end of the tw r igs, chartaceous to
thinly coriaceous, elliptic, broadly elliptic, obovate-
elliptic to obovate, sometimes unequal; glabrous
above, appressed-tomentose with short, straight,
glistening, yellowish to silver hairs beneath, 9 18

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Annals of the

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FIGURE 8. Manglirim paciiyphvliu Chang.- I. Branch with flower bud. — 2. Fruit. — 3. Follicle
follicle with seeds. Based on SYS 12 L't:i4, Anonymous 241. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

4. Open

x 2.2-6.5 cm; apex short-acuminate to acumi-
nate, acumen 3-17 mm long, base cuneate to
obtuse; midrib impressed above, elevated below,
densely pubescent to glabrescent, nerves fine, in

12-16 pairs, obscure above, visible beneath, re-
ticulation lax, faint on both sides. Petiole slender,
tomentellous, with same hairs as the young twigs,
glabrescent, 2.6-3 cm long. Flower not seen. Fruit-

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1051

ing peduncle yellowish appressed-tomentose, 1 — 1.5
x 0,4-0.6 cm, with a bract scar, pedicle absent.
Fruit ovoid to long-globose, 3.5-7 x 2.5-4.5 cm;
ripe carpels ca, 64, long-ovoid, the lowest carpels
decurrent along the torus, ± yellowish pubescent,
especially toward the base of the lowest carpels,
beak rather long, erect or recurved, dehiscing along
the dorsal suture, 2-2.2 cm long; torus with 6-9
x 7 mm scars of perianth and stamens; scars of
the fallen tepals ca. 10. Seeds subcordate to ovoid,
± impressed, 1-3 in each carpel, 7 7.5 x 5-6
mm.

Distribution. China and Vietnam. In CHINA.
Southeastern Yunnan: Ping-pien Hsien, Tsai FLT.
61619.

Ecology. Altitude: 880 m.

II-2. Manglietia section Manglietiastrum

(Law) Nooteboom, Manglietiastrum Law, Acta
Phytotax. Sin. 11: 72, t, 2. 1979. Magnolia
sect. Manglietiastrum (Law) Noot., Blumea
31: 91 . 1985. TYPE SPECIES: Manglietiastrum
sinieum Law,

Stipules free from petiole. Young leaves spread-
ing in bud. Gynophore present.

18. Manglietia sinica (Law r ) B. L. Chen & Noo-
teboom, comb. nov. Manglietiastrum sini-
cum Law, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 17: 73, t. 2,
3. 1979, Magnolia sinica (Law Yuh-wu)
Noot,, Blumea 31, 1: 91, photo. 3. 1985.
TYPE: China. Yunnan: Xichou, 1,550 rn. Law
& Wang 6-75 (IBSC, v. spont,).

Tree to 40 m high and 1.2 m diarn.; bark gray,
longitudinally fine-fissured; trunk somewhat but-
tressed at the base; plant entirely glabrous; twigs
dark green when young, faint brown when old;
stipules free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous,
dark shining green above, pale green beneath, nar-
rowly obovate, 15-26(-30) x 5-8(-9,5) cm; apex
short-acuminate, with ca. 5-mm-long acute tip,
base cuneate; margin slightly revolute; nerves in
13-16 pairs, reticulation coarse, prominent on both
surfaces when dry. Petiole smooth above, slightly
thickened at base, 1.5 2 cm long, Tepals 9,
3-merous, in 3 whorls; stamens ca. 65, connective
appendage long-pointed; carpels 13-16* Fruits
green at first, slightly flushed, obscure brown when
dry, ovate, oblong-ovoid to obovoid, 5—8,5 X 3.5—
6.5 cm; carpels thick woody, narrowly oblong-
elliptic to obovoid-elliptic, 2,5-4 x 1.5-2.5 cm,
opening along the ventral suture and splitting at
the apex, dorsal faces conspicuously lenticellate;

gynophore ca, 1 X L3 cm. Seeds 1-3 in each
carpel, elliptic, compressed laterally, 1-1.3 cm
wide, ca. 7 mm thick.

Distribution* CHINA. Southeastern Yunnan:

Xichou, Chen B>L< 87 F 180.

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved rainfor-
est. Altitude: 1,300-1,500 m. Flowering April;
fruiting September-October.

Note. Manglietia sinica, a magnificent tree,
is confined to a small area in southeastern Yunnan.
One of the authors has investigated it several times
in the field. The species possesses the chief diag-
nostic characters of Manglietia, e.g., habit of tree,
the terminal flowers with 9 tepals, and more than
2 ovules in each carpel. Therefore, we prefer to
include it in Manglietia. On the other hanad, there
occur some remarkable character- m this species,
such as the petioles without stipular scars and the
gynoecium with a short gynophore. These features
easily distinguish it from the other species in this
genus and warrant its status as a section. The
sections in Magnolia are based on the same kind
of characters.

III. Kmeria (Pierre) Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927:
262. 1927. Magnolia subg. Kmeria Pierre,
Fl. Forest, Cochineh. 1; sub t. 1. 1880. TYPE
SPECIES: Kmeria duperreana (Pierre) Dandy,

Tree. Stipules adnate to the petiole. Flowers
terminal, solitary, unisexual; tepals 6-7, 3-merous,
subequal; anthers dehiscing introrsely, the connec-
tive produced into a short or moderately elongated
appendage. Gynoecium sessile. Carpels compara-
tively few, concrescent. Ovules 2. Fruiting carpels
woody, separating on dehiscence, dehiscing com-
pletely along the ventral suture and partly along
the dorsal suture, thus finally becoming bifid. Seeds
1-2 in each carpel.

Distribution. Two species, southern China to Indo-
china.

Note. This genus is closely related to Mag-
nolia. It could also be treated as a section close
to section Gwillimia. In China the only species
that occurs is Kmeria septentrionalis.

1. Kmeria septentrionalis Dandy, J. Bot. 69:
233. 1931. type: /?. C Citing 5247 (hoh>
type, BM; isotypes, NY, PE),

Tree to 18 m high; bark gray; twigs green, ±
glaucescent when dry, appressed short pubescent.
Stipules glabrous or sparsely pubescent, adnate to
rather high on the petiole, stipular scars nearly to

1052

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

its apex. Leaves coriaceous, bright green, glabrous
above, greenish, glabrous or sparsely pubescent
toward the base when young beneath, elliptic-ob-
long or obovate-oblong, 8-15 x 3.5-6 cm; apex
ret use, base hroadly cuneate; midrib prominent
below, nerves visible on both sides, in 12-17 pairs,
reticulation prominent on both surfaces when dry.
Petiole slender, pubescent to glabrescent, 2-3.5
cm long* Brachy blast glabrous, 1 .5 cm long. Flower
bud (the male flower) subglobose; tepals 6; stamens
1 — 1,5 cm long, connective appendage triangular,
1 2.5 mm long.

Distribution. CHINA. Northern and central
Guangxi: Huanjiang* Pang C.F. 28; southeastern Lu-
rhen, Ching RAl. 5247, Yunnan: Huang Jingtn, Mar
Li Po, Wang C.W. & Liu 83157; Maguan, (Jien ILL.
87 F 173.

Ecology. In evergreen forest. Altitude: 300-
500 m. Flowering May -June.

Collectors notes. Tree with a large dense
crown; bark gray; leaves evergreen; flowers white,
fragrant.

\ote. This species is closely related to K. du-
perreana (Pierre) Dandy. Recently, a new record
of X\ duperreana in Libo of Guizhou was reported,
but we have not seen a collection from that locality.

TRIBE MICHELIEAE

IV. Michelia L>, Sp. PL: 536. 1 753. (Jiampaca
Adans., Fam. PL 2: 365, 537. 1763. Sam-
pacca 0, Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 1: 6, 1891.

TYPE SPECIES: Michelia champaca L.

Liriopsis Spaeh, Hist. Natur. Veget,, Phanerog, 7: 460*
1839, nun Liriopsis Reichenb. (1828), TYPE 5PE-
ciKs: Liriopsis fuseata (Andr.) Spach.

Paramichelia H. H. Hu, Sunyatsenia 4: 142. 1940. rvn
SPECIES: Paramichelia haillonii (Pierre) Hu.

Tsoongiodendron W. Y. Chun, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8:
7, 1963, TYPE SPECIES: Tsoongiodendron odorum
Chun.

Trees or shrubs. Stipules adnate to or free from
the petiole. Flowers bisexual, on short brachy blasts
in the axils of the leaves, growth monopodial. IV
pals 6-21, 3-6-merous, suhequal or rarely the
outer whorl different. Anthers lairorse or subla-
trorse (to introrse), connective produced into a
short or elongated appendage. Gynoecium stipitate;
carpels many In few (rarely I), tree or connate;
ovules 2 to many; follicles free, ± spaced along
the torus, dehiscing along the dorsal suture, finally
becoming 2-valved, or concrescent, forming a fleshy
syncarp, tardily and irregularly dehiscent, or a
woody synrarp, the upper parts of the carpels

falling away while also dehiscing along the dorsal
suture, the basal parts remaining attached to the
torus with their suspended seeds.

Distribution. About 40 species, in Southeast Asia
from India and Sri Lanka eastward to southwestern and
southeastern China, northeastward to southern Japan and
southeastward into Indonesia (not in Sulawesi and New
Guinea).

2( 1 ).
o

3(2),

2
3

Key to the Sections of Micueua

1 . Tepals very dissimilar, those of the outer whorl
much shorter and narrower those of the inner
whorls; fruit apocarpous; stipules free from
petiole. IV-2, Michelia sect. Anisochlamys

I. Tepals of the outer whorl sometimes smaller
and thinner than those of the inner whorls,
hut not very dissimilar; fruits apocarpous or
synearpous; stipules tree irom or adnate to

petiole. .„

Fruits syncarpous; stipules adnate to petiole.
Fruits apocarpous; stipules free from or adnate

to petiole .._.._ „ „__. 4

Tepals 9; fruits 13-16 cm. .„_.„„._ .._.,.

„.,. „_ IV- 5* Michelia sect. Tsoongiodendron

3. Tepals 12; fruits 3-9 cm. .„

IV-6* Michelia sect. Paramichelia

4(2). Tepals 6, or occasionally 4, 2-merous; stipules

free from petiole

IV-3* Michelia sect. Dichlamys

4. Tepals 6-21, 3-6-merous; stipules free from

or adnate to petiole. 5

5(4). Petioles not exceeding 1 mm, stipules adnate

to it; shrubs or small trees,

IV-4. Michelia sect. Micheliopsis

5. Petioles longer than 10 mm, stipules free or
adnate, IV- 1. Michelia sect. Michelia

Key to the Species ok Michelia

(primarily based on floral characters)

1.
1,
2( 1 ).

9

i_r ■

3(2).
3.

4(3).

4.

5(3).

5.

6(2).

Tepals 6 or 7. 2

Tepals 8 20 1

r etiole z—lU mm. .... „ .„ ,i

Petiole 10-45 mm. .. 6

Gynoecium longer than androecium. „,„„„..... 4

Gynoecium shorter than androecium, often

entirely hidden 5

Petiole 5 10 mm long, stipular scars nearly
to its apex; tepals 22-35 irmi long; gyno-
phore 5-8 mm long; gynoecium ovoid to

oblong. 33. Michelia yunnanensis

Petiole 3 5 mm long, stipular scars to half-
way; tepals 15 25 mm long; gynophore 1-

3 mm long; gynoecium cylindric.

32a. Michelia Jigo var. figo

Stipules adnate to petiole; petiole 2-4 mm;
flower purple or red; stamens 1 mm long;

gynoecium cylindric,

32b. Michelia Jigo var, crassipes

Stipules free; petiole 10 mm; flower white;
stamens 11-1 5 mm long; gynoecium ellip-
soid. _ 26. Michelia angustioblonga

Leaves glabrous „_ 7

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1053

6.

7(6).

7.

8(6).

8.

9(8).

9.

10(1).

10.

11(10).

LL

12(11).

12.
13(12),

13,

14(13),

14.

15(12).

Leaves hairy beneath at least when young. 8
Base of leaf broadly cuneate or attenuate-
cuneate, nerves in 7-17 pairs; brachyblast
pubescent, 7-15 x 3~9 mm; gynophore
and carpels glabrous; twigs and stipules pu-
bescent; sears of perianth and stamens along

torus under fruit 6 8 nun long.

30. Mickelia mart inn

Base of leaf cuneate or rounded, nerves in
9-12 pairs; brachyblast tomentellous or pu-
berulous, 3-1 1 x 2-4 mm; gynophore and
carpels silver gray tomentellous; twigs to-
mentellous; stipules glabrous, puberulous,
or tomentellous; scars of perianth and sta-
mens along torus under fruit 4-5 mm long.

.„„. 28. Mickelia chapensis

Leaves 1.5-2.5 cm broad; shrub to I ni
high; leaf apex obtuse; outer tepals spathu-
late, 18-20 x 4-5 mm; gynoecium hidden
by the stamens; gynophore 3-4 mm long.

., 26, Mickelia dngustiohlonga

Leaves 2.8-16.5 cm broad; tree to 15-18
m high; leaf apex short-acuminate, acu-
minate, or acute; outer tepals obovate, ob-
long, or elliptic; gynoecium ovoid or cylin-

dric; gynophore 5-10 mm long. .... , 9

Pedicle present; twigs appressed tomentel-
lous; stipules glabrous or tomentellous; leaves
2,8-4.5 cm broad, reticulation rather ob-
scure; petiole not dilated at base; gynoe-
cium cylindric, 29. Mickelia leveilleana

Pedicle absent; twigs pubescent; stipules pu-
bescent; leaves 4.5- 10(- 16.5) cm broad,
reticulation distinct; petiole dilated at base;

gynoecium ovoid , 27. Mickelia halansae

Stipules free. „.... 1 1

Stipules adnate to petiole. 25

Leaves glabrous „ 1 2

Leaves hairy beneath at least when young. 17
Brachyblast 10-40 mm long; outer tepals

5-8 cm long; stamens 13-25 mm long. 13

Brachyblast 2.5 ft mm long; outer tepals
1-3 cm long; stamens 2.5-10 mm long. 15
Leaves glaucous beneath, nerves in 12-14
pairs; stipules silky; petiole hairy; outer te-
pals 35 mm broad; gynoecium golden pu-
berulous, ca. 20 mm long.

13. Mickelia ingrata
Leaves not glaucous beneath; stipules gla-
brous or pubescent; petiole glabrous; outer
tepals 15-40 mm broad; gynoecium gla-
brous „.... 14

Plant entirely glabrous; reticulation of leaf
densely netted, nerves in 7-12 pairs; inner
tepals 4.5-5 cm long; gynoecium 10-13
mm high; scars of perianth and stamens

along torus under fruit 5^6 mm long,

18. Mickelia maudiae

Plant hairv at least in innovations: stipules
pubescent; reticulation laxly netted, nerves
in 9-20 pairs; inner tepals 5.5-7 cm long;
gynoecium 17-20 mm high; scars of peri-
anth and stamens along torus under fruit

20-22 mm long 15, Mickelia lacei

Twigs glabrous, 1-2 mm diam.; stipules
puberulous; midrib of leaf prominent above,
at least toward base; tepals very dissimilar,

15.

16(15).

16.

17(11).

17.

18(17),

18.

19(18).

19.

20(17).

20.

21(20).
21.

22(21).

22.

23(21).

outer tepals small, nearly linear, ca. 1 mm
broad; gynophore under fruit 2-3 mm long.

25. Mickelia kypolampra

Twigs hairy at least when young; stipules
pubescent or tomentellous; midrib of leaf
not prominent above; tepals subsimilar, out-
er tepals obovate or spathulate; gynophore

under fruit 10 17 mm long, ... 16

Gynoecium glabrous, cylindric, 10 12 mm
long; stipules tomentellous; reticulation dis-
tinct; petiole dilated at base; filaments 2.5-

3 mm long 5. Mickelia coriacea

Gynoecium hairy, ovoid, 4-6 mm long;
stipules pubescent; reticulation of leaf rath-
er obscure; petiole not dilated at base; fil-
aments 1 mm long. 4, Mickelia compressa

Outer tepals 1-3 cm long. 18

Outer tepals 3.1 { ) cm long. 20

Pedicle present; leaves 5-10(-16.5) x 3-
4(-7) cm, reticulation distinct; brachyblast
silver or brown tomentellous, 6-10 mm
long; connective appendage linguiform, 2-

4 mm long; filaments L5-2 mm long; gyno-
phore under fruit 5-8 mm long. .„..

19. Mickelia mediae ris
Pedicle absent; leaves 4-26 x 1.5 12.5
cm, reticulation rather obscure; brachyblast
3-6 or 13-25 mm long; connective ap-
pendage triangular, 0.5-1 mm long; fila-
ments 1-6 mm long; gynophore under fruit

10-30 mm long. 19

Gynophore 12-15 mm long; twigs tomen-
tose; stipules silky; brachyblast 13-25 mm
long; outer tepals 16-24 mm broad; sta-
mens 17-20 mm long, filaments 4-6 mm
long; gynoecium cylindric, 17-20 mm high;
number of ovules per carpel 10; follicles

hairy 10. Mickelia foveolata

Gynophore 2-6 mm long; twigs puberulous;
stipules pubescent; brachyblast 3-6 mm
long; outer tepals 3-10 mm broad; stamens
2.5-7 mm long, filaments 1 mm long; gy-
noecium ovoid, 4-6 mm high; number of
ovules per carpel 2-8; follicles glabrous. ..

_ 4. Mickelia compressa

Leaves glaucous beneath; twigs villous, 5-
7 mm diarn.; stamens 17-22 mm long,
filaments 4-6 mmm; gynoecium golden pu-

berulent 13, Mickelia ingrata

Leaves not glaucous beneath; twigs pubes-
cent, tomentose, or tomentellous 21

Gynophore 10-15 mm long; stipules silky. 22
Gynophore 2-5 mm long; stipules pubes-
cent or tomentellous. 23

Filaments 3 mm long; twigs glabrous or
pubescent; leaves minutely scattered hairy
beneath, reticulation distinct, laxly netted;
gynoecium 3-6 mm high; fruiting brachy-

blasts 5-7 cm long; follicles glabrous.

„ 17. Mickelia masiieata

Filaments 4-6 mm long; twigs tomentose;
young leaves tomentose beneath, reticula-
tion rather obscure, densely netted; gynoe-
cium 1 7-20 mm high; fruiting brachy blasts

1.5-3 cm long; follicles hairy.

1 0. Mickelia foveolata
Leaves 6,5-14 x 4-6.5 cm; connective

1054

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

appendage linguiform; twigs and stipules
tomentellous; tepals 9-12, outer tepals 35-
45 x 1() 15 mm; gynoecium cylindric, ...
.......... „. 16. Michelia macclurei

23. Leaves (10-)12-20(-24) x 3.5-7 or 18-
25 x 4-7.5 cm; connective appendage
triangular; twigs pubescent or tomentose;
stipules pubescent; tepals 9- 12 or 13-17,
outer tepals 32-36 x 10-12 or 45-70 x
20-25 mm; gynoecium ellipsoid „„_.. 24

24(23). Pairs of lateral nerves 11-15; twigs pu-
bescent, 2-3 mm diam.; leaves finely ap-
pressed pubescent beneath, base cuneate
or broadly cuneate; tepals 9-12, 45-70 x
20-25 mm; filaments 2-3 mm long; scars
of perianth and stamens along torus under
fruit 5-10 mm long. .... 2. Michelia cavaleriei

24. Pairs of lateral nerves 16-18; twigs to-
mentose, ca. 4 mm diam,; young leaves
densely appressed tomentellous beneath,
base rounded; tepals 13-17, the outer ones
32-45 x 10-12 mm; filaments 4 irirn long;
scars of perianth and stamens along torus
under fruit 12-14 mm long. ..„, _

1 . Michelia aenea

25(10).

25.

26(25).

26

27(25).
27,

28(27).
28.

29(28).

29.

30(28).

31(30).

31.

32(27),

32.

33(32).

33.

34(32).

34.

35(34),

37(36),

30

Stamens 20-39 mm long, 26

Stamens 5-15 mm long. „.„. 27

Brachyblast 20-22 mm long; tree to 15 m

high; twigs in innovations 8-12 mm thick;

petiole dilated at base; stipular scars 7-10 35,

mm long; brachyblast 10-12 mm thick;

petiole absent; stamens 33-39 mm long,

filaments 7-8 mm long; gynoecium shorter

than androecium, often entirely hidden, 24

mm high; gynophore 6 mm long _ 36(34).

„„ 12. Michelia fulva

Brachyblast 30-35 mm long; treelet to 5-
6 m high; twigs in innovations 2-3 mm
thick; petiole not dilated at base; stipular
scars 3-4 mm long; brachyblast 5 6 mm 36,
thick; petiole present; stamens 20-24 mm
long, filaments 2-4 mm long; gynoecium
longer than androecium, 15 mm high; gy-
nophore 30 mm long. _

7. Michelia elliptilimba

Outer tepals 10-30 mm broad 28

Outer tepals 2.5-10 mm broad. 32

Pedicle present. . 29

Pedicle absent „. 30 37.

Petiole hairy, 2.5-3 cm; stipular scars 15
mm long, leaf base cuneate, reticulation
rather obscure; outer tepals 3; gynophore

4 mm long. .„_ 20. Michelia microtricha

Petiole 0.8-2.5 cm, glabrous; stipular scars

2-6 mm long; leaf base broadly cuneate or 38.

rounded; reticulation distinct; outer tepals

4 or 5, gynophore 5-12 mm long.

...„,„, 6. Michelia doltsopa

Connective appendage 2-4 mm long, nar-
rowly triangular or linguiform; twigs sparse-
ly minutely puberulous or tomentellous;
leaves minutely appressed pubescent be- 1.

neath, reticulation distinct; gynoecium 6-
10 mm high; fruiting brachyblasts 5 mm

thick. 14. Michelia kisopa

Connective appendage very short to long

38(37).

triangular, 0.5-3 mm; twigs pubescent or
tomentose; young leaves densely or sparsely
pubescent beneath, reticulation rather ob-
scure; gynoecium 9-14 mm or 3 5 mm
high; fruiting brachyblasts 2-4 mm thick. 31

Gynoecium ovoid to oblong, 3-5 mm high;

petiole 3-5 mm long,

33. Michelia yunn&nensis

Gynoecium cylindric, 9-14 mm high; pet-
iole 9-25 mm long. 9. Michelia fioribunda

Outer tepals 4-6 33

Outer tepals 3 ... , 34

Stipular scars 3-5 mm long; leaves elliptic
or narrowly elliptic, reticulation rather ob-
scure; brachyblast stout; gynoecium 9-15

mm high; gynophore 6-7 mm long

„„..„_.... 22. Michelia velutina

Stipular scars 1 7-28 mm long; leaves ovate
or narrowly ovate, reticulation distinct;
brachyblast slender; gynoecium 7-12 mm

high; gynophore 3 5 mm long,

- 3. Michelia champaca

Stipular scars 1-5 mm long 35

Stipular scars 6-20 mm long. .,. „ 36

Tepals 9-12; connective appendage ca. 0.5
mm long; stipules pubescent; fruiting
brachyblasts 1 1 mm long and 8 mm thick;
fruits 13.5-15.5 cm long; gynophore under
fruit 20-25 mm long. .23. Michelia wilsarui
Tepals 12-15; connective appendage 1-3
mm; stipules tomentellous; fruiting brachy-
blasts 5-8 mm long and 3-4 mm thick;
fruits 2.5-6 cm long; gynophore under fruit

10-15 mm long 9. Michelia fioribunda

Tepals 9, 15 20 x 5-7.5 mm; stamens
7.5-8.5 mm, connective appendage 0.5
mm; gynoecium ovoid, 3-4 mm, carpels

10-12; stipular scars 6-18 mm.

.„ 34. Michelia odor a

Tepals 9-20, 19-50 x 6-23 mm; con-
nective appendage 1-4 mm long; gynoe-
cium ovoid or more often cylindric; carpels
often more than 12; stipular scars 2-20

mm 37

Stipular scars 14^20 mm; gynoecium 6-
10 mm; tepals 9-15, 22-35 mm x 7-13

mm; connective appendage 2-4 mm.

14. Michelia kisopa

Stipular scars 2-4 mm; gynoecium 9-14
or 6-9 mm; tepals 12-20, 12-20 x 19-
35 mm; connective appendage 1 3 mm. 38

Tepals 6-23 mm broad; gynoecium 9 14
mm; connective appendage 1-3 mm; stip-
ular scars 2-14 mm. .. 9. Michelia fioribunda
Tepals 2.5-7 mm broad; gynoecium 6-9
mm; connective appendage 1-2 mm; stip-
ular scars 6-10 mm. ... 35. Michelia baillonii

Key to the Species gf Micheua

(primarily based on fruit characters)

Fruits with connate carpels, when mature
the apical parts of the carpels falling, de-
hiscing along the dorsal suture or not, the
basal parts remaining adnate to the torus,
or apical parts falling in irregular masses.

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1055

1.

2(1).

2.

3(1).
3,

4(3).
4.

5(4).

5,

6(5).

6.

7(6).

7.

8(4).

8.

9(8).

9,

1 0(8).
10.

11(10).

11.

12(11).

12.

Fruits consisting of free carpels, which de-
hisce along the dorsal suture, main nerve

often persistent 3

Reticulation densely netted; fruits 3-9 cm

long and 2.5-4.5 cm broad, „

.„.. .„. 35, Michelia halllonii

Reticulation laxly netted; fruits 13-16 cm
long and 7-9 cm broad. .. 34. Michelia odor a

Stipules adnate to the petiole. ,„...... 4

Stipules free, .. _. 1 7

Stipular scars 11-28 mm long. 5

Stipular scars 1-10 mm long. 8

Pedicle present, at least 3 mm long; leaves
elliptic or narrowly obovate, reticulation

rather obscure; twigs tomentellous.

20. Michelia microtricha

Pedicle absent or very short, 6

Leaves minutely appressed pubescent, gla-
brescent beneath; twigs puberulous or to-
mentellous; fruiting brachyblasts 7x5 mm;

follicles 8-14 x 7-10 mm

1 4, Michelia kisopa

Young leaves tomentose or pubescent be-
neath; twigs pubescent or tomentose; fruit-
ing brachyblast 5-30 x 3-5 mm; follicles

7-20 x 7-14 mm 7

Leaves 1-5 cm broad; reticulation rather
obscure; twigs tomentose; stipules tomen-
tellous; fruiting brachyblast 5-8 mm long.

. ...... „ 9. Michelia floribunda

Leaves 3,4-12 cm broad; reticulation dis-
tinct; twigs and stipules pubescent; fruiting

brachyblast 10-30 mm long.

, .„., 3, Michelia champaca

Petiole 2-5 mm (Michelia yunnanensis
with very short petiole is also possible here), 9

Petiole 5.1-30 mm „. 10

Shrub to 2-5 m high; flower purple or red;
fruiting brachyblast 10-20 x 3-5 mm, ...
32b. Michelia figo var. crassipes

Shrub or treelet to 15 m high; flow r er white
or yellow; fruiting brachyblast 7-25 x 2-

4 mm. 32a. Michelia figo var. figo

Pedicle present. ,.„ ... 1 1

Pedicle absent, 1 3

Treelet to 5 or 6 m high; twigs silky, 2-3
mm diam.; stipules silky; leaves 16-22 x
7.5-10 cm, nerves in 9-14 pairs; petiole
2-2.5 cm; brachyblast 30-35 mm long;
outer tepals 3; stamens 20-24 mm long;

gynophore 30 mm long

7 . Michelia elliptilimba

Tree to 15-30 m high; twigs pubescent or
tomentellous; stipules pubescent or tomen-
tellous; brachyblast 4-17 mm long; leaves
9-22 x 4-8 or 11-24 x 3.5-6. 5(-8. 5)
cm, nerves 10-28 pairs; petiole 0.8-2,5
cm; outer tepals 4-6; stamens 8-15 mm

long; gynophore 5-12 mm long, 12

Scars of perianth and stamens along torus
under fruit 5 mm long; twigs and stipules
pubescent; reticulation of leaf rather ob-
scure; petiole hairy. 22. Michelia velutina

Scars of perianth and stamens along torus
under fruit 7-10 mm long; twigs sparsely

17(3).
17.

18(17).

tomentellous; stipules tomentellous; retic-
ulation distinct; petiole glabrous,

6, Michelia doltsopa

13(10), Fruiting brachyblasts 2-4 mm thick. .„. 14

13. Fruiting brachyblasts 5-12 mm thick. 15

14(13). Shrub or small tree 6-12 m; petiole 5-10

Trim; stipular scar 3-7 mm; nerves in 7-9
pairs, _ 33. Michelia yunnanensis

14. Tree to 28 m high; petiole 9-25 mm; stip-
ular scar 2-14 mm; nerves in 8-14 pairs.

9, Michelia floribunda

15(13). Young twigs 8-12 mm thick; stipules his-
pid; reticulation of leaf distinct; stipular scars
7-10 mm long; scars of perianth and sta-
mens along torus under fruit 10 mm long.

1 2. Michelia full a

15. Young twigs 1-3 mm thick; stipules pu-
bescent; reticulation rather obscure; stip-
ular scars 1-5 mm long; scars of perianth
and stamens along torus under fruit 2-5
mm long. 1 6

16(15). Leaves glaucous beneath; twigs glabrous to

tomentose; fruits 13.5-15.5 cm

23. Michelia wilsonii

16. Leaves not glaucous beneath; twigs pubes-
cent; fruits 3.5-13 cm long.

22. Michelia velutina

Leaves glabrous. .„..„ 1 8

Leaves hairy beneath at least when young. 25

Gynophore under fruit 2-3 mm long; mid-
rib prominent above, at least tow r ard base;
fruits 3,5-4 cm long; follicles 2-4.5 x 1-

2.5 cm with a stipe of 3-8 mm

25 , Michelia hypolampra

18. Gynophore under fruit 8 -30 mm long; mid-
rib not prominent above 19

1 9( 1 8), Leaves glaucous beneath; stipules silky; twigs
5-7 mm diam.; fruits 6-10 cm long; fol-
licles sessile, 9-14 x 7-10 mm. ..„.

13. Michelia ingrata

19. Leaves not glaucous beneath; stipules gla-
brous, pubescent, puberulous, or tomentel-
lous. „.. .......... 20

20(19). Scars of perianth and stamens along torus
under fruit 20-22 mm long; fruits 7-10

cm long; twigs 4-6(-10) mm diam

15. Michelia lacei

20. Scars of perianth and stamens along torus
under fruit 2-8 mm long, 21

21(22). Plant entirely glabrous; twigs 2-3 mm diam.;
leaves 9.5-17.5 x 3-7 cm; nerves in 7-
12 pairs; petiole 1-3 cm; fruit 10-14 cm

long; brachyblast 17-30 mm. .,

„ 18. Michelia mtiudiae

21. Plant hairy at least in innovations; brachy-
blast hairy 22

22(21), Reticulation rather obscure; twigs I 2 mm
diam.; leaves 4-12 x 1.5-3.5 cm; nerves
in 8-15 pairs; fruits 5-7 cm long; brachy-
blast 3-8 mm long. 4, Michelia campressa

22. Reticulation distinct; twigs 2-7 mm diam.;
leaves 5,5-18 x 2-6,5 cm; fruits 3-10

cm; brachyblast 6-25 mm. 23

23(22), Twigs glabrous, sometimes pubescent, 2-4
mm diam,; stipules pubescent; fruits 6.5 =

1056

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

23.

24(23).

24.

25(17).

25.

26(25).

26.

27(26).

27.

28(27).

8.

29(28).

29.

30(29).

30.

31(30).

31.

32(26).

32.

33(32).

33.

34(32).

34.

35(34).

35.

10 cm long; brachyblasts 13-14 x 4-9

mm. 30. Michel i a martinii

Twigs puberulous or tomentellous; stipules
glabrous, puberulous, or tomentellous* leaf

base cuneate or rounded. 24

Reticulation of leaf laxly netted; twigs to-
mentellous; petiole not dilated at base; fruits
3-10 c:m long; brachyblast 6-12 mm long;

follicles 6-15 x 8-10 mm „„

-.. 28. Michelia chapensis

Reticulation of leaf densely netted; twigs
puberulous; petiole dilated at base; fruit 3-
6 cm long; brachyblast 8 25 mm long;

follicles 18-25 x 12-17 mm

... ._.— 5, Michel Ui coriacea

leaves glaucous beneath. 13. Michelia ingrata

Leaves not glaucous beneath 26

Pedicle present 27

Pedicle absent. .......... „„„. 32

Leaves 1.5-2.5 cm broad, apex rounded,

26. Mirhelia angustiobtonga

Leaves 2,8-7.5 cm broad, apex acuminate

or acute. „..„.. 28

Pairs of lateral nerves 16-18; twigs to-
mentose; scars of perianth and stamens along

torus under fruit 12-14 nun long,

. 1 . Michelia aenea

Pairs of lateral nerves 9-15; twigs pubes-
cent or tomentellous; scars of perianth and
stamens along torus under fruit 3-10 nun
long.,., _ 29

Fruiting brachyblasts 3 cm long; twigs to-
mentellous; stipules glabrous or tomentel-
lous; young leaves rufous pubescent be-
neath, apex acuminate or acute, reticulation
rather obscure; pedicle 4-6 mm, tepals 6,
gynoecium cylindru . 29. Mirhelia Irreilleana

Fruiting brachyblasts 1 2.5 cm long, , 30

Twigs pubescent; stipules pubescent; leaves
obovare or narrowly elliptic, 12-20 X 3.5-
5.5 cm; petiole 1.5-3 cm; fruit 5 15 cm;
gynophore 10 2T) nun. 2. Mirhelia cavaleriei

Twigs tomentellous; stipules tomentellous;
leaves elliptic or ovate, 5- 14 x 3-6.5 cm;
fruits 2-5 cm long; gynophore 5 10 mm. 31

Carpels 13 18; leaves 6.5-10 x 3-4 cm;
petiole 1,5-2.5 cm. ... 19. Michelia mediocrk
Carpels 28; leaves 6.5-14 x 4-6.5 cm;
petiole 2.5-4 cm. ,.,...... 16. Michelia macclurei

Leaves 1.5-2.5 cm broad. „„„„. _..._, 33

Leaves 2,6 16.5 cm broad. „ 34

Apex of leaf rounded, reticulation distinct;
treelet to 4 m high; leaves narrowly oblong,
6.5-10 x 1,5 2.5 cm; petiole 10 15 cm.

26. Mirhelia angustioblonga

Leaves (narrowly) elliptic, 4 12 x 1.5-
3.5 cm, apex acuminate or acute, reticu-
lation rather obscure; petiole 5-22 mm. ...

4. Mirhelia compressa

Pairs of lateral nerves 16 19. 35

Pairs of lateral nerves 8- 15. „„_..„ 37

Twigs pubescent, 2-5 mm diam.; leaves 8-
28 x 4.5-10.5 cm, reticulation laxly net-
ted; petiole 19-45 mm; nerves in 12-14
pairs; follicles 20-65 x 13 18 mm.

— 27. Mirhelia balansae

Twigs tomentose; reticulation of leaf dense-

ly netted, nerves in 16-18 pairs; follicles
14-25 x 10-15 or 8-22 x 7-14 mm. 36
36(35). Scars of perianth and stamens along torus
under fruit 5-7 mm long; stipules silky;
reticulation of leaf rather obscure; follicles
hairy. 10. Michelia foveolaia

36. Scars of perianth and stamens along torus
under fruit 12-14 mm long; stipules pu-
bescent; reticulation of leaf distinct; follicles
glabrous. \ t Mirhelia aenea

37{34). Twigs puberulous, 1-2 mm diarn.; leaves

4-12 x L5-3.5 cm; fruits 5-7 cm.

„„.. 4. Michelia compressa

37. Twigs pubescent or tomentose. 38

38(37). Twigs tomentose; leaf apex acuminate or

acute, reticulation rather obscure; fruits
5.5-14 cm long; follicles 8-22 x 7-14
mm. ___ 10, Michelia foveolaia

38. Twigs pubescent, leaf apex short-acumi-
nate, reticulation distinct „.. 39

39(38). Young leaves pubescent beneath, 8-28 x
4.5-16.5 cm; petiole dilated at base; fruits
4-12 cm long; follicles 2-6.5 x 1.3-1.8
cm. .. 27. Michelia balansae

39. Leaves finely scattered appressed-pubes-
cent beneath; petiole not dilated at base;
fruits 5-53 cm long; follicles 6-14 or to
100. _ _ 40

40(39). Reticulation of leaf laxly netted; stipules
silky; fruit 10-53 cm long, follicles to 100.
17. Michelia masticata

40. Reticulation of leaf densely netted; stipules
pubescent; fruits 5-15 cm long, follicles 6-

14. 2. Michelia cavaleriei

1. Michelia section Michelia* Michelia L.
Champava Adans. Sum pacta O. Kuntze.

Liriopsis Spach.

Stipules free from or adnate to the petiole. Bracts
2-6. Tepals 6-21, 3-6-merous, subsimilar or dis-
similar with those of the outer whorl, smaller or
thinner in texture than those of the inner whorl or
whorls. Fruits apocarpous.

Key to the Species of Section Michelia

1. Stipules adnate to petiole. _ .„ 2

1. Stipules free. „„. „ _ 10

2( 1 ). Gynoecium shorter than androeciurn, often

entirely hidden, twigs in innovations 8-12
mm thick, stipules (rufous) villous, stamens
33 39 mm long, filaments 7-8 mm long f
gynoecium 24 mm high. 12. Mirhelia fulva

2. Gynoecium longer than androeciurn, twigs
in innovations 1 A mm thick, stipules pu-
bescent, silky, or tomentellous, stamens 7-
24 mm long, filaments 1-4 mm long, gy-
noecium 6-20 mm high 3

3(2). Leaves minutely (scattered) hairy beneath,
connective appendage very long, narrowly
triangular, or linguiform. 14. Mirhelia kisopa

3. Leaves with longer hairs beneath, connec-
tive appendage triangular. 4

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1057

4(3).

4.

5(4).

5.

6(5).

6.

7(6).

7.

8(5).

8.

9(8),

9.

10(1).
10.
1 1(10).

11.

12(11).

12.

13(10).

13.

14{13).

14.

Gynophore 30 mm long, twigs silky, stipules
silky, brachyblast 30-35 mm long, stamens

20-24 mm long. 7. Michelia elliptilimba

Gynophore 2-15 mm long, twigs pubes-
cent, tomentose, or tomentellous, stipules
pubescent or tomentellous, brachyblast 3-

17 mm long, stamens 7-15 mm long. 5

Reticulation rather obscure. 6

Reticulation distinct. 8

Pedicle present, twigs tomentellous.

, 20. Michelia microtricha

Pedicle absent, twigs tomentose, 7

Stipules pubescent, leaf apex shortly acu-
minate, fruiting brachyblasts 1 1 cm long,
8 mm thick, fruits 1 3 + 5- 15.5 cm long,
gynophore under fruit 20-25 mm long, ....

23. Mir helm wihonii

Stipules tomentellous, leaf apex acuminate
or acute, fruiting brachyblasts 0.5-0.8 cm
long, 3-4 mm thick, fruits 2.5-6 cm long,
gynophore under fruit 10-15 mm Ion}:-

9. Michelia florihunda

Outer tepals 14-30 mm broad, twigs and

stipules tomentellous. „ 6. Michelia doltsopa

Outer tepals 7-9 mm broad, twigs and stip-
ules pubescent 9

Stipular scars 3-5 mm long, leaves elliptic

or narrowly elliptic, brachyblast stout.

,„ 22. Michelia velutina

Stipular scars 17-28 mm long, leaves ovate
or narrowly ovate, brachyblast slender. „„„

,„„ 3, Michelia champaca

Gynoecium glabrous. ..... „„.„ 11

Gynoecium hairy. ,..,. 1 3

Plant entirely glabrous, 18. Michelia maudiae

Plant hairy at least in innovations, stipules

pubescent or tomentellous. .„.. 1 2

Petiole 25-30 mm, twigs tomentose, stip-
ules pubescent, reticulation laxly netted,
petiole not dilated at base, brachyblast 15-
25 mm long, outer tepals 5.5- 7 cm long,
15 30 mm broad, stamens 20-25 mm long,
gynoecium 17-20 mm high, gynophore 10-
20 mm long, fruiting brachyblasts 5-10
mm thick, fruits 7 10 cm long, scars of
perianth and stamens along torus under
fruit 20-22 mm long, gynophore under
fruit 29 mm long ,. 15. Michelia lacei

Petiole 10-20 mm, twigs puberulous, stip-
ules tomentellous, reticulation densely net-
ted, petiole dilated at base, brachyblast 2.5
inni long, outer tepals 2.3 3 cm long, outer
tepals 8-10 mm broad, stamens 8-10 mm
long, gynoecium 10-12 mm high, gyno-
phore 2-7 mm long, fruiting brachyblasts
3-3.5 mm thick, fruits 3 6 cm long, scars
of perianth and stamens along torus under
fruit 4-6 mm long, gynophore under fruit

12-15 mm long. 5. Michelia coriacea

Gynophore 10-15 mm long 14

Gynophore 2-6 mm long. 15

Gynoecium 3-6 mm high, twigs pubescent,
leaves minutely (scattered) hairy beneath,
apex shortly acuminate, reticulation dis-
tinct, laxly netted, filaments 3 mm long,
fruiting brachyblasts 5-7 cm long, fruiting

carpels glabrous 17. Michelia masticata

Gynoecium 17-20 mm high, twigs tomen-

tose, young leaves with longer hairs be-
neath, apex acuminate or acute, reticula-
tion rather obscure, densely netted, filaments
4-6 mm long, fruiting brachyblasts 1.5-3

cm long, fruiting carpels hairy

jlj 1 0. Michelia foveolata

15(13). Outer tepals 1-3 cm long. .. ..„ 16

15, Outer tepals 3.2-7 cm long. 17

16(15). Leaves minutely (scattered) hairy beneath,

twigs and stipules tomentellous, reticulation
distinct, pedicle present, connective ap-
pendage linguiform, 2 4 mm long, fila-
ments 1.5-2 mm long, gynoecium cylin-
dric, gynophore under fruit 5-8 mm long.
1 9. Michelia mediocns

16, Leaves with longer hairs beneath, twigs pu-
berulous, stipules pubescent, reticulation
rather obscure, pedicle absent, connective
appendage triangular, 0.5-1 mm long, fil-
aments 1 mm long, gynoecium ovoid, gyno-
phore under fruit 10-17 mm long,

4. Michelia compressa
17(1 5). Leaves glaucous beneath, twigs villous, stip-
ules silky, gynoecium 20 mm high.

1 3. Michelia ingrata

17, Leaves not glaucous beneath, twigs pubes-
cent, tomentose, or tomentellous, stipules
pubescent or tomentellous, gynoecium 6-

13 mm high. ...... 18

18(17). Pairs of lateral nerves 16-18, twigs to-
mentose, leaf base rounded, inner tepals
10-14, filaments 4 mm long, scars of peri-
anth and stamens along torus under fruit
12-14 mm long. .„.. 1. Michelia aenea

18, Pairs of lateral nerves 10-15, twigs pu-
bescent, or tomentellous, leaf base cuneate
or broadly cuneate, inner tepals 6-9, fila-
ments 1-3 mm long, scars of perianth and
stamens along torus under truit 4-7 mm
long, , -

19(18). Leaves with longer hairs beneath, twigs and
stipules tomentellous, leaves elliptic or ovate,
outer tepals ovate or spathulate, connective
appendage linguiform, gynoecium cvlin-
dric. 1 6, Michelia macclurci

19, Leaves minutely (scattered) hairy beneath,
twigs and stipules pubescent, leaves obovate
or narrowly elliptic, outer tepals obovate or
elliptic, connective appendage triangular,
gynoecium ellipsoid 2. Michelia cavaleriei

19

1 , Michelia aenea Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 2 1 1 . 1930.
TYPE: Poilane 12611 (holotype, P; isotype,
K).

Michelia oblongifolia Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci.

Nat, Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 3: 86. 1987.

type: B. L Chen 86S193 (holotype, SYS).
Michelia longistyla Law & Y. F. Wu, Acta Bot. Yun-

nanica 10, 3: 341, t. 7. 1988. type: China. Yunnan:

Jinping, 1,800 m, Q. Wang 142 (holotype, PE not

seen).

Tree to 16 m high and 50 cm diam, Indumcnt
straight to slightly undulate, usually cupreous,
sometimes clear to gray. Young twigs terete, ca.

1058

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

4 mm diam., purplish brown, densely short-to-
mentose, glabrescent; old ones dull dark brown,
somewhat rough, ± pubescent to glabrous, con-
spicuously lenticellate and fissured. Stipules densely
long -pubescent, free from the petiole. Leaves co-
riaceous, rigidulous, bright green and glabrous
above, pale green, densely appressed-tomentellous
below, oblong to narrowly oblong, 18.7-25(-28.5)
x 4-6(-7.5) cm; apex shortly acuminate to acute;
acumen 3-18 mm; base rounded or obtuse to cu-
neate or narrowly cuneate; midrib impressed above,
prominent below; nerves in 16-18 pairs, anasto-
mosing and meeting in an intramarginal vein, which
is slightly more prominent than the fine, densely
netted reticulation, inconspicuous above, promi-
nent below r . Petiole appressed hairy, glabrescent,
slightly thickened toward its base, without scars,
1.3-2,8 cm long, Braehyblasts stout, finely to-
mentose; spathaceous bracts 2, coriaceous, pubes-
cent outside with same indument as stipules. Flow-
ers white to yellowish; tepals 13-17, the outer 3
obovate, fleshy, 32-35 x 10-12 mm, the inner
tepals 10-14, narrowly obovate to spathulate, 21-
27 x 5-7 mm; stamens many, 13-16 mm long,
connective appendage short -triangular, 0.5-2.5
mm long, filaments yellowish puberulent, ca, 4 mm
long; gynoecium ellipsoid, tomentellous, exserted
from the androecium, 8-13 mm long; gynophore
2-4 mm long; carpels many, ovoid; ovaries ca. 1
mm long; ovules 8-10; styles ca. 2 mm long.
Fruiting braehyblasts pubescent, 3-3.5 cm long,
ca. 5 mm wide at the top. Fruits cylindrie, 6-10.5
cm long; ripe fertile carpels 4-25, obovoid to el-
lipsoid, sessile to short-stipitate, 1.4-2.5 x 1-1.5
cm, apically short-beaked; gynophore 1.8-2.5 x
0.4 cm; scars of perianth and stamens along the
torus 12-14 x 6 mm. Seeds not seen.

Distribution. China and Vietnam. In CHINA.
southeastern Yunnan: Jinping, Maguan, Chen B.L.
GS 302, Chen B.L. GS 86187,

1906. TYPE: Cavalerie & Fortunat 2203 (ho-
lotype, P; isotopes, K, K).

In forests. Altitude: 1,800-1,950
m. Flowering April; fruiting September-October.

Uses, Wood very hard and dense, generally
used for pillars, planks, and other purposes.

Collector's note, Bark rough, slightly brown-
ish.

Note. The specimens examined are quite uni-
form in all characters. There was no material of
Michelia longistyla available; it is reduced to
Michelia aenea based on the published description
and figure.

2, Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep., Bull.
Soc, Bot, France 53: 573, f. 1-8 of t. 1.

Michelia fallax Dandy, Notes Roy. Bot. Card. Edinburgh
16: 130. 1928. type: Hand.- Mazz, 12281 (ho-
lotype, W). [The flowering material collected by Wang
Te-Hui is not M. fallax.]

Michelia plat y pet a la Hand. -Mazz., Akad. Wiss, Wien
Math.-Natuurwiss Kl. 58: 89. 1921. type; T. H.
Wang in Hand.-Mazz. 12281 (holotype, W; iso-
types, A, K, WU). [Only the flowering material is
M. platypetala.]

Much branched tree 10-20 m high and 50 cm
diam,; bark white-gray; buds, young twigs, stipules,
petiole, braehyblasts, and bracts outside densely
appressed-pubescent with fine, short to long,
straight, clear to brown, glossy hairs; young twigs
terete, dull black, 2-3 mm diam., later glabrescent;
old ones brownish to brownish gray, smooth or
longitudinally fissured, white lenticellate, idahnnis
to ± pubescent; terminal buds narrowly ovoid, 1-
2 cm long. Stipules free from the petiole. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, dark green, sparsely scattered-
pubescent with short or long, straight or sometimes
undulate, clear or brown hairs above, pale green,
finely appressed-pubescent with short, straight, clear
and brownish hairs, except the midrib beneath soon
glabrescent, narrowly elliptic or obovate-elliptic,
(10-)12-20{-24) x 3.5-5.5(-7) cm; apex short-
acuminate, acumen 7~20 mm long; base cuneate
to broadly cuneate; midrib conspicuously promi-
nent below, ± impressed above; nerves fine, visible
on both sides, in 11-15 pairs, reticulation fine,
closely netted. Petiole ca. 1.5-3 cm long, without
stipular scars. Flower buds narrowly ovoid, 2-3
cm long; braehyblasts 5-15{ 25) mm long, 3-5
mm wide at the top, pedicles 0-2 mm long; bracts
3-4. Tepals 9-12, white, the outer 3-4, obovate-
elliptic, 4.5-5.6(-7) x 2-2.5 cm, the inner tepals
narrowly obovate to spathulate; stamens 7-15 mm
long, connective appendage triangular, ca. 1 mm
long, filaments 2-3 mm long, ca, 1 mm wide;
gynoecium ellipsoid, tomentellous, 6-10 mm long,
slightly protruding from the androecium; gyno-
phore tomentellous, 4-5 mm long, ovaries ovoid,
1.5-2.5 mm long; ovules ca, 10; styles glabrous,
1.5-3 mm long. Fruits 5-15 cm long; ripe carpels
6-14 (some carpels abortive), ovoid to obovoid,
dark brown, smooth to lenticellate, short-stipitate
to sessile, with short beaks at the apex, 13-25 x
7-13 mm; gynophore 10-25 x 2-3 mm; torus
with the scars of perianth and stamens 5-7 x 5-
6 mm* Seeds 1-4 in each carpel, ellipsoid to sub-
cordate, 5-9 x 6-8 mm.

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Magnoliaceae of China

1059

Distribution. CHINA. Fujian: Nanjung Xian, Ye.
G.D. 1301, Guangdong: Tou Che Swi, Yuyuen, Kwok
S.P. 80166. Guangxi: Damiaoshan, Lu Q.H. 3526;
Guan Xian, Chen ZZ. 52664; Lingui, Deng X.F. 201;
Longsheng, Long Sheng Exped. 50416; Nandang, Cai
C.X. 77- 2; Tianlin, Li Y*K. 591; Yanshan, Liang J.Y.
100312; Chuen Yuen, Tsoong C.H 82048; Ling Yuri
Hsien, Steward A.N. & Cheo, H,C. 23; Ziyuan, Huang
Z.F. 20. Guizhou: Leishan Xian, Jiang R*B. 13; Fan-
jinh Mt., Sino-British Exped. 37; Jiankou Xian, Sino-
American Guizhou Bat, Exped. 396; Songtao Xian, Sino-
American Guizhou Bot. Exped. 1983, Hunan: Qian-
yang, Li Z.T. 1708; Sheng, Xinning Xiang, Ziyu Shan,
Li Zhen-yu et al. 1899; Wugang, Lin Q.Z, 10435.
Hubei: Lichuan, Tang G.G, 679. Sichuan: Fanching-
shan, Du D.H. 3854. Yunnan: Fengging, Zhu T.P. 554;
Yuanyang, He S*C. 85170; Pin-fa, Cavalerie J. 7312.

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 800-1,500 m.
Flowering March; fruiting September-October.

Collector's note. Trees in mixed forests on
rock or open area on riverbank; flowers white,
fragrant, gynoecium hairy, extending outside an-
droecium; fruits greenish or brownish; seeds red-
dish to red.

3, Michelia champaca L., Sp, PL: 536. 1753.
Michelia rheedii Wight, Ilk Ind. Bot. 1: 13.

1840. TYPE: Hermann FL Zeyl. 144 (holo-
type, BM).

Michelia euonymoides N. L. Burm,, FL Ind.: 124, 1768.
Sampacca sylvestris Rumph, syntypes: Hb. Bur-
mann 15 & 55 (L).

Michelia suaveolens Pers., Syn. PL 2: 94, 1806, Miche-
lia blumei Steudel, NomencL ed. 2, 2; 139. 1841.
Michelia tsiampacca var. blumei Moritzi in ZolL,
Syst, Verz.: 36. 1846. Sampacca suaveolens Q.
Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PL 1: 6. 1891. type: Rumph.,
Herb. Amboin. 2: t. 67. 1741.

Michelia tsiampacca Blume, Bijdr.: 7. 1825, non Miche-
lia tsiampacca L. 1 767. Michelia velutina Blume,
FL Javae Magnoliaceae: 17. 1829, non Michelia
velutina DC., 1824, Champacca velutina O. Kuntze,
Rev. Gen. PL 1: 6. 189L Michelia pilifera Bakh,
f., Blumea 12: 61. 1963. type: Blume s.n. (holo-
type, L, sheet no. 908.126-1868; isotypes, K, NY).

Michelia pubinervia Blume, FL Javae Magnoliaceae: 14,
t, 4, 1829, Michelia rufinervis Blume, Bijdr,; 8.
1825, non Michelia rufinervis DC, 1817, Michelia
champacca var. pubinervia (Blume) Miq., Ann. Mus.
Bot, Lugduno-Batavum 4: 72. 1868. type: Blume
670 (holotype, L; isotypes, B, K).

Talauma villosa Miq. forma celebica Miq., Ann. Mus.
Bot. Lugduno-Batavum 4: 70. 1868. type: De Vriese
& Teijsmann s.n, (holotype, BO).

Magnolia champaca Baillon ex Pierre, F. Forest. Coch-
inch,: t. 3. 1880. TYPE: Herb. Pierre 187. (?)

Magnolia memhranacea P. Parm., Bull. Sci. France Bel-
gique 27: 200, 258, 1895, syntypes: Mauritius,
Sieber III (K, L, MEL), Sieber 156 (MEL, P), lo-
cality unknown, D.J. Anderson, 1868 (MEL),

Tree to 30-40 m high and 1 m diarru; indument
composed of short, straight or slightly undulate,
appressed or erect, clear to yellowy rarely brownish
hairs; young twigs 2-3 mm diam., brown-gray,
pubescent, glabrescent; old ones gray to black-
brown, ± lenticellate. Stipules pubescent, adnate
to the petiole from about half of its length to nearly
to the top, scars 1.7-2.8 cm long. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, green, above glabrous, or at first es-
pecially on the midrib sparsely pubescent, later
glabrescent, beneath paler green, pubescent, gla-
brescent, ovate-oblong to narrowly ovate, 8-
23(-34) x 3.4-9(-12) cm; apex acute to grad-
ually long-acuminate; base attenuate to cuncate or
more often rounded; midrib ± impressed above,
prominent below, nerves fine, visible on both sides,
more prominent below than above, in 1 1 -22 pairs.
Petiole pubescent, glabrescent, 2-3.2(-4.5) cm
long* Flowers very fragrant; bud ovoid to ovoid-
ellipsoid; bracts 3 or more rarely 4, tomentellous
or pubescent outside; brachyblast usually slender,
7-12 x 2-3 mm, tomentose or densely pubescent,
pedicles 0-1 rnrn long. Tepals 12-15(-21), yellow
to orange, subsimilar, glabrous or pubescent outside
at the base; the outer 4-6 narrowly obovate, nar-
rowly obovate-linear, to spathulate, 20-40 x 7-
9 mm; stamens 7.5-8 mm long, connective ap-
pendage short-triangular, 0.5-1 mm long, fila-
ments 1.5-2 mm long; gynoecium ovoid-cylindric,
7-12 mm long; gynophore tomentellous, 3-5 mm
long; carpels ca. 30, tomentellous; scars of perianth
and stamens along torus 1-2 mm long. Fruiting
brachyblast glabrescent, gray-brown, 10-30 X 3-
5 mm. Fruit 2-15 cm long; ripe carpels 4-19 or
more, ovoid to ellipsoid, densely lenticellate, gla-
brescent, 10-20 x 7-1 1 mm, sessile and without
a beak. Seeds subcordate, ellipsoid to irregularly
shaped, 9-10 X 6-8 mm, 2-4 in each carpel.

Distribution. India, China, Burma, Vietnam, and
Malesia. In CHINA, Southern and southwestern
Yunnan: Che-li Hsien, Wang C.W. 77767; Fo Hai,
Wang C.W. 73905; Jengyueh, 25°N, 98°36'E, Forrest
G. 25302. Southeastern Xizang. Cultivated in Guang-
dong, Hainan, and Giangxi.

Ecology. In forests. Altitude: 650-1,600 m.
Flowering June-July; fruiting September-October.

Uses. Wood used for furniture and ships; the
flowers and leaves are extracted for volatile oil; the
tree is grown as an ornamental.

Collector's note. Flowers ivory yellow to yel-
low, strongly fragrant.

Note. De Candolle (1817, 1824), Decaisne
(1835), Spanoghe (1841), Moritzi in Zollinger

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Missouri Botanical Garden

(I8l(>), and Miquel (1 858) misspelled the name
as Mivhvfia tsiampacca (auct, non I,,, 1797),

For further ititsa|>( ilitvl names and noniina inula
see NooteBoom { I 985).

1. lYlichelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg*, Forest
H. Japan. 1: 75, 77, t. 13. 1803. Magnolia
compressa Maxim., Hull. Acad, hup. Sej. Saint-
Petershourg 17: 117. 1872- TYPK: Yagami,
near Nagasaki* Ih/eri Prow, Kiushu, Maxi-
moivicz* 1862 (hulotype,?: isotype, HM).

\hif*tu)ii<i philippinvnsis P. Par in.. Bull. Sri. France
Belgnuie (Parrnentier) 27: 20b, 270. 1895. Miehe*
liu philippinrrtsis (P. Parm.) Dandy, Kew Bull.
1927: 2<>:t. 1**27. Wichelia caminpii Men, & Rolfe,
Philipp. J. Sci. 3 Hot.: 100. 1908, TYPE: Cuming
783 (hobtype, MEL: Lsotypes, A, BM, K, L, NY).

Wichelia compressa var. formasti Kanehira, Trans. Nat.
Him. Soc. Taiwan 20: 384. 1930. Mohrlia for-
mosona (Kanehira) Masumune & Suzuki, Annual
Kep. Tailirhu Bot. Gard. 3: 57. 1933, Mirhetia
taitoaniana Y. W. Law, Iconugr. Corninplh Sini-
eorum 1: 796, t. 1592. 1972, uunien illeg. Wicfieliti
itcophvlln C Y. Wu ex Law & Y. F, \Yu, Aria
Bui. Yunnanica 10, 3: 337, L 7. 1988. nfPE: Lo
1330 (holotype, KIN),

Small tree, 8 I 2 m high; voting twigs terete,
slender, I 2 mm diani*, dull Brownish lo dark
Black-Brown, smooth and appressed-puBerulent with
short, straight, clear. Brown lo rufous hairs; old
ones purple-Brown, glahrescent, sparsely lenticeB
laie; terminal Buds nhovoid to cvliudric ', 8 1 I ruin
long, densely appressed-puBeseenl with gray or
rufous, glistening hairs. Stipules puBescent, tret'
from the petiole. Leaves rharlaeeous to coriaceous,
glabrous on Both surfaces, or at first sparsely pu-
Beseent with long, straight and slightly undulate
hairs on Both sides, or Below, especially on the
inidrih and toward the Base, densely hairy with
long, straight, erect, rufous hairs, finally glahres-
cenl, elliptic to narrow l\ ellipti< . 1 12 x 1.5 3.5
em; apex acute to acuminate* acumen I 15 mm
long, sometimes ohluse and occasionally slightly
emarginate. Base cuueate, rarelv oBtuse and often
slighlK unequal; midrih slightly impressed aBtne;
neryes in 8 1 5 pairs, oBscure, slightly more prom-
inent than the rather fine rcliculalion Below, retic-
ulation densely netted. Petiole slender, glaBrous or
with same indument as young twigs, without stip-
ular scars, 5-22 mm long, lirachvhlasl tomenlel-
lous willi gray to Brown hair-, 3 x 1.5 3 mrm
pedicle aBsent; Bracts 2 3, puBescent outside as
are terminal Buds. Flower while to ereamv yellow,
much scented; tepals 9( 1 1), suBsimilar, the outer
3 oBlanoeolate to oBlauceolatedinear, mostly Broad-
er than the inner tepals. 10 28 X 3 10 mm;

stamens manv, 2.5 7 mm long, connective ap-
pendage triangular, 0.5 1 ititn long, filaments ca.
I mm long; gvnoecium ovoid to ovoid-ohlong, to-
mentellous, 4-0 mm long, much longer than the
audroeeiuui: gvnophore with same indument as
gvnoecium, 2 mm long; carpels 5 13 or more,
ovaries ea. 1.8 nun long; styles ca. 0.2 mm long;
ovules 2 8, Fruiting hrachvBlast gray hairy, 3-8
x 1.5-8 mm. Fruit 5-7 cm long; ripe carpels 1
12 or more, ovoid to ellipsoid, dark brown, sessile
or with a ea. 2 9-uimdoug stipe, sparsely white-
lenticellate, apicalEv short-Beaked, 11 15x8 II
mm; gynophore ± puBescent, 10 17x2 1 mm;
torus with the scars of perianth ant) stamens, 2-
3 x 2.5 (> mm. Seeds 1 2, suBeordate, ellipsoid
to irregularly shaped. 7-9 X 7 mm*

Distribution. China, the Philippines, and southern
Japan. In CHINA, Taiwan: Taihokushv, Sasaki S. ( )3\
Taipei, kankuu, Hsu C*C. tt Ml. Kao K 3hH0\ Bun
Bun, I Lan, Lino Jih-(lhin$i KHiOh: Bnirl 1 uhagu, (.hang
(\K r ,io5/; llenchun Peninsula* (hang ('J:. 32H ( K Also
eastern anil southern Yunnan.

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 200 2,600 m.
I H lowering, Iruiting January.

/ scs. \\ ood straight-grained, line-1e\tured,
heavy and hard, used lor Building, furniture, ships,
woodcarving, and other purposes.

\(tf(\ After comparative studies of collections
of all the cited svuonvms from Japan, China, and
the Philippines* we came to the conclusion that
thev all Belong to a single species: Wichelia com-
pressa is tin' most widely distrihuted species ol the
genus.

It is noteworthy that Michelia comprvssti shows
much variation throughout its area in si/e of tin
flowers, numlier ol carpels and ovules, as well as
length of the stipe of the ripe carpels. The flowers
are smaller in tin 1 specimens of the Philippines*
larger in Taiwan and Japan. Both carpels and ovules
from Taiwan and Japan are slightly more in number
than Irom the Philippines. The length ol the stipe
of the follicles varies from to 8 nun, These
variations can Be oBserved even in the same spec-
imen,

Cagnepain (1920) named this species Wichelia
figo (auct. non Loureiro, 1700), Merrill (1906)
used the name Michrlia parvifloni (non DC*.
1817).

5. Michelia coriacea Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta
Sci. Nat. Univ- Sunyatseni 3; 89. July 1988.
TYl'K: IL L Chen & H t Li CS 9035 (holotype,
SYS). Figure 9.

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1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1061

FIGURE 9. Michel ia coriacea Chang & B. L. Chen. — 1 . Fruiting branch. — 2. Seed. — 3.
Based on SYS 161742 = Chen Bao Liang GS 9035. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

Seeds with testa removed.

1062

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Figure 10, Michelia doitsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC— 1. Fruiting branch. — 2. Flower. Based on SYS 161753
= Chen Rao Liang 86 S 049. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

Michelia poly near a C. Y. Wu ex Law & Y. F. Wu,
Acta Bot. Yunnanica 10(3): 340, f. 1-8 of t. 5.
Aug. 1988. TYPE: K. M. Feng 12030 (holotype,
KUN; isotype, A).

Tree 10-18 in high and 20-45 cm diam.; young
twigs dull brown, 3-7 mm diam., ± gray puher-

ulent; old ones dark brown, glabrescent, with sparse
orbicular and white lenticels; terminal buds ovoid,
densely tomentellous with short, straight, clear,
gray to brownish hairs. Stipules with same indu-
ment as the terminal buds, free from the petiole.
Leaves coriaceous, green, glossy above, pale green

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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1063

beneath, both surfaces glabrous, oblong to broadly
elliptic, sometimes obovate, often unequal, 9.7-
13,9(-16,1) X 2.2-3,6(-6) cm; apex acute to
acuminate, acumen 5-10 mm long, base cuneate
or rounded; midrib slightly impressed above, rather
prominent beneath; nerves in 12— 1 3(— 1 6) pairs,
much visible on both sides, curved upward and
meeting in an intramarginal vein, all lesser veins
forming together a dense reticulation that is prom-
inent on both surfaces, the larger alveoli filled with
the smaller veins, which are obvious to obscured.
Petiole glabrous, dilatate toward the base, 1-2 cm
long. Rrachvblast tomentose, 2.5 mm long {mature
flowers not seen). Flower buds ellipsoid, tepals 9,
white, subsimilar, obovate to narrowly obovate,
2.3-3 x 0.8-1 cm; stamens ca. 80, 8-10 mm
long, connective appendage narrowly triangular,
1.5-2 mm long, filaments 2,5-3 mm; gynoecium
glabrous, subcylindric, exserted from the androe-
cium, 1-1.2 cm long; gynophore 2-7 mm long.
Fruiting brachyblasts yellowish pubescent, with 3
scars of bracts, 8-25 x 3-3,5 mm, pedicles absent
or very short, ca, 1.5-2 rnrn long if present. Fruits
3-6 cm long with 1 — 4(— 10) fertile carpels and 6-
8(— 1 7) abortive carpels, the ripe carpels sessile,
ovoid, dull and dark brown, conspicuously lenti-
cellate, 1 8-25 * 12-17 mm; gynophore 1 .2-1 ,5
cm long, scars of perianth and stamens along 4-
6 mm of the torus. Seeds ellipsoid, smooth, 10-
1 1 x 6-7 mm.

Distribution. CHINA. Southeastern Yunnan:

Guangnan, Wang C, W. 88023; Malipo, 869/5; Si Chour
Hsien, Feng KM. 12030.

Ecology. In forests, on limestone formations.
Altitude: 1*450 m. Flowering April; fruiting Sep-
tember-October,

Note. The type of Michelia coriacea bears
fruits. In the absence of flowers, we misrepresented
the tepals as 6-7 in number, based on the faint
scars of the perianth on the torus. The collections
with flow r ers collected from the same tree one year
later showed that the flower has 9 tepals,

6, Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham. ex DC-, Syst,
Nat. 1: 448. 1817. TYPE: Buchanan- Ham-
ilton s.n> (holotype, BYI). Figure 10.

Michelia excelsa (Wall) Blume, FL Javae Magnoliaceae:
9. 1829. Magnolia excelsa Wall., Tent. Fl. Nepal.:
5, t. 2. 1824, Sampacca excelsa (Blume) Kuntze,
Revis. Gen. PL 1:6, 1891. TYPE: Wallich 6494
(holotype, K; isotypes, BM, NY).

Michelia calcuttensis P. Parm., Bull, Sci, France Bel-
gique (Parmentier) 27: 283. 1895. type: Type spec-
imen not traced. According to P. Pann., its label
said: "Michelia ?Assam. ex herb. horL hot. calcut-
tensis,"

Michelia manipurensis G, Watt ex Brandis, Indian Trees:

8. 1906. type: G. Watt 6329 (K),
Michelia wardii Dandy, Kew Bull. 1929: 222. 1929.

TYPE: F. Kingdon Ward 8060 (holotype, K)-
Michelia opipara Chang & B. L. Chen, Acta Sci, Nat.

Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 3: 90. 1987, TYPE:

B. L. Chen GS86237 (holotype, SYS).

Tree or rarely a shrub, to 30 m high; buds
appressed- rufous or gray tomentellous, later gla-
brescent; young twigs 2,5-3 mm diam., sparsely
tomentellous, glabrescent, brownish to dull black-
brown. Stipules appressed-rufous or gray tomen-
tellous, adnate to the petiole, sears 2-6(-20) mm
long. Leaves chartaceous to thinly coriaceous,
green, olive green to brown when dry, above scat-
tered-pubescent with slender, straight to undulate,
clear hairs, glabrescent, beneath pale green to glau-
cous, appressed -tomentose with short or long,
straight to occasionally undulate, usually rufous,
sometimes clear to brownish hairs, elliptic, oblong-
elliptic, oblong to narrowly ovate-elliptic, usually
± unequal, 9-22 x 4-8 em; apex acuminate or
subacuminate, acumen 1-3 cm long, base broadly
cuneate or rounded, the margin slightly wavy; mid-
rib impressed above, prominent below, nerves
prominent below, in 10-14 pairs, reticulation fine,
densely netted- Petiole pubescent, glabrescent, 0.8-
2,5 cm long. Brachyblasts densely appressed-ru-
fous to gray tomentose, 4-13{-23) x 4-6 mm,
pedicles 2 5 mm long; bracts 2-3{-5), densely
rufous tomentose. Flowers with pleasant smell; buds
ovoid to oblong, 4-5 cm long; tepals (8-)12-16,
white to yellow, the outer 4-5 obovate to spathu-
late-obovate or oblanceolate, 3,7-7.5 x 1.4-3 cm,
glabrous to pubescent outside toward the base;
stamens 8-15 mm long, connective appendage
short to long triangular, 1-3 mm long, filaments
2-3 mm long; gyunecrium subcylindric, 1-2 cm
long, exserted from stamens; gynophore 5-12 mm
long, tomentellous; carpels many, subovoid, ca, 1 .5
cm long, appresscd-tomentcllous: styles glabrous:
scars of perianth and stamens on torus 4-6 mm
long; Fruiting brachyblasts glabrous or ± pubes-
cent, 9-13(-23) x 4-7 mm. Fruits (2-)5-12,5
cm long, some carpels abortive; ripe carpels sessile
or substipitate, 10-15 x 8-12 mm; gynophore
10-22 x 2-4 mm, scars of perianth and stamens
under fruit 7-10 x 4-7 mm. Seeds ovoid to el-
lipsoid, 8-11x8 mm,

Distribution. Nepal, Bhutan, northeastern India,
China, and northern Burma. In CHINA, Southern Xi-
zang: Kingdon Ward F. 19299, 1921 1. Yunnan: Shweli-
Salwin divide, 24°2Q\ Forrest G. 8949; Jinping, Sino-
Rossica Yunnan Exped. 1532; Mienning, Foshang, Yu
T.T. 18055; Shange-pa, Tsai H.T* 58995; Shunning,
Hila, Wumulung, Yu T.T 16662; Taron-Taru divide, Yu

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Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

FT 20866; Yengyueh, 25°25'N, 98°30'E, Forrest G.
26258.

Ecology. In broad- leaved forest. Altitude:
1,600-2,400 m. Flowering April-May; , fruiting
September-October,

I ses, Wood light, soft, fine-textured, very du-
rable and easily workable; used for various objects
of construction work and carpentry, as well as for
planking, doors, window frames, anil furniture.

Collector's note. Flowers pale yellow or white,
fragrant.

Note, See Dandy (1927b), Michelia opipara
is similar to Michelia do It so pa except for its gray
to yellowish indument. The former name is there-
fore reduced to a synonym of the latter.

7. Michelia elliptilimba B. L. Chen & Noo-
teboom, sp. nov. TYPE: China. Yunnan: Meng-
hua, Chukai, alt. 2,000 m, 12 May 1938, T.
T. Yit 15854 (holotype, A; isotypes, E, IBSC).

Figure 1 1 .

Arbor 5 ad 6 m aha, ramunculis, sttpults extra,
foliis utrinque, petiolibus, brachyblastis, braeteis, gy-
nophoris, ovariisque indumenta pilis tenuibus parvis
vel longis, undulatis, brunneis. Ramuneuli 2-3 nun
diametro. Stipulae petiolis 2-2.5 cm longis cicatri-
cibus 3-4 mm longis adnatae. Folia clliptiea ad ova-
to-elliptica 16 ad 22 cm longa, 7-5 ad 10 cm lata
apicibus acutis vel acuminatis basibus obtusis gla-
brescentia, glaucescentia, nervis primariis 9-14 pa-
ribus dense reticulata, Brachiblasti 3 ad 3.5 cm longi
cicatricibus bractearum 3 ad 4. Flores pedicello 5
ad 7 mm tongo, tepalis exterioribus 3, obovatis, 5.5
ad 6.5 cm longis, tepalis interioribus 8, obovatis ad
spathulatis, ca. 5.7 cm longis, staminibus 20 ad 24
mm longis, gynaecio cvliudrieo 15 nun longo gy<
nophoro 30 mm longo et 6 in mm lato.

Tree 5-6 in high; bark greenish gray, smooth;
young twigs, stipules outside, leaves on both sides,
petioles, brachyblasts, bracts, gynophore, and ova-
ries covered with fine, short or long, undulate,
brownish to brown hairs. Young twigs 2-3 mm
diam., old ones ± hairy or glabrous; terminal buds
ca. 1 5 mm long; stipules adnate to the lower bases
of the petiole, stipular scars 3-4 mm long. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, green above, glabrescent and
becoming glaucous beneath, elliptic to ovate-ellip-
tic, 16-22 x 7,5-10 cm; apex acute or acumi-
nate, base obtuse; midrib impressed above, con-
spicuously prominent below, nerves visible on both
sides, more prominent beneath than above, in 9
14 pairs, reticulation closely netted, prominent on
botli sides. Petiole 2-2,5 cm long. Mowers creamy
white, with a pleasant scent; brachyblasts with 3-
4 scars of bracts, 3-3.5 cm long, 5-6 mm wide
at the base, pedicles 5-7 mm long; tepals 11-12,

subsimilar, the outer 3 obovate, attenuate toward
the base, short-clawed, 5.5-6.5 X 2.5-3 cm, the
inner tepals 8, obovate to spathulate, ca. 5.7 x
1,5-2 cm; stamens 20-24 mm long, connective
appendage triangular, ca. 0.5 mm long, filaments
2-4 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, much longer
than the androecium, ca. 15 mm long; gynophore
ca, 30 x 6 mm; carpels many, ovaries ovoid, 4-
5 mm long; styles glabrous, 2.5-3 mm long. Fruits
not seen.

Distribution. CHINA. Yunnan: Meng-hua, Chukai,
Z T. Yii 15854.

Note. This species resembles Michelia bail*
lonii in the vegetative characters except in its
glaucous lower leaf surface. The flowers, however,
are very similar in size and shape to those of
Michelia foveolata. Only one collection available.

8. Michelia flavi flora Law & Y. F. Wu.
See under dubious species.

9. Michelia floribunda Finet & Gagnep,, Bull.

Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4: 46, f. b of t.
7, 1905, TYPE: Hons (VAaty 30 (holotype, P;
isotypes, K, E).

Michelia kerrii Craib, Kew Bull. 1922: 166. 1922. rvri-:
Kerr 4679 (holotype, K; isotypes, BM, K, P, UC),

Tree to 28 m high and 1 m diam,; bark gray;
young twigs slender, 1.5 2 mm diam., brown or
purple-brown lo purple-black, at first tornentose
with short or long, straight, glistening, brown, yel-
lowish to gray hairs, soon glabrescent. Stipules
appressed-tomentellous w r ith same hairs as young
twigs, adnate to the petiole, stipular scars 2-14
mm long, sometimes to 2.2 cm long. Leaves thinly
coriaceous to coriaceous, dark green, glossy, at
first sparsely appressed-pubescent with slender,
clear hairs, especially on the midrib, later glabres-
cent above, glaucous or not, appressed-pubescent
with long to rather long, straight, clear, brown,
rarely dark brown hairs, glabrescent beneath, nar-
rowly elliptic, narrowly obovate-elliptic, ovate-el-
liptic, oblong-elliptic to narrowly ovate; 6-
14, 5( 17) x l-4.5(-5) cm; apex acute to acu-
minate, sometimes ± caudate, acumen 5-15 mm
long, occasionally to 2 cm long, base cuneate or
rounded; midrib impressed above, nerves fine, ob-
scure on both sides, more prominent beneath than
above, in 8-14 pairs, reticulation fine and dense,
hardly visible on both sides. Petiole appressed-to-
mentellous or pubescent, 9-25(-40) mm long,
Brachyblast covered with same indument as young

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1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1065

FIGURE 11. Michelia ettiptiXimba B. L. Chen & Noot. L Branch with defiorated flower. — 2. Flower. — 3.
Stamen.— 4, Follicle. Based on T* T Yu 15854 (A), Drawing by Joop Wessendorp, Rijksherbarium, Leiden.

twigs, 3-6(-8) x 2.5-4 mm, pedicle absent; bracts
3^-4}, brown or silver sericeous outside. Flower
bud ovoid to cylindric, 2-4.4 cm long; flower fra-
grant; tepals 12-15, outer tepals 3, while, subsim-

ilar, glabrous to puberulent outside toward the
base, spathulate, broadly obovate, obovate-linear,
rarely narrowly rhombic, tapering toward the base,
usually basally with short or long claw, 19-45(-50)

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Missouri Botanical Garden

x 6-I8(-23) mm; stamens 7-11 mm long, con-
nective appendage short- or long-triangular, 1-3
mm long, filaments ca. 2 mm long; gynoecium
cylindric, longer than the androeciurn, 9-14 mm
long; gynophore brown to gray tomentellous, 3-
15 mm long; carpels tomentellous; styles glabrous;
ovules 3-8 in each carpel; torus with scars of
perianth and stamens 2-6 x 3-5 mm. Fruiting
brachyblast pubescent, 5-8 x 3-4 mm. Fruit 2.5-
6 cm long, contorted; ripe carpels 1-14, subglo-
bose, brown to dark brown, lenticellate, ± puber-
ulent, apically beaked, 7 20 x 8-14 mm, Scars
of perianth and stamens 3-5 x 3-4 mm. Gyno-
phore under fruit pubescent, 11,5 cm. Seeds el-
lipsoid, cordate to irregularly shaped, 6-8 x 5-6
mm.

Distribution. China, Thailand, Vietnam, Laos, and
Burma. In CHINA, Guangxi: Jinxiu Xian, Da Yao Shan
Exped> 10756. Ilubei Sichuan: Metaseqoia area, Hwa
C>T. 503, Jiangxi: Gongda 740250. Guizhou; Fan
Ching Shan, A.M. & Cheo* H.C 870; Yinkiang, Tsiang
Y. 7589, Sichuan: Guan Xian, Yi Gl\ 76002; Pei Pah,
Law Y.W. 306. Yunnan: Ma Chang Kai valley, Forrest
G. 9460; Mienning,Poshang, Yu T*T. 17894; Chen kang
hsien, Wang CW\ 72551; Si Chou Hsien, Wang C.W.
85542; Tengyueh, Rock IF. 7933; Szemao, Rock J.F
2766.

Ecology. In forests. Altitude: 800-2,700 m.
Flowering February-June; fruiting July October.

Collector's notes. Flowers white to creamy
yellow; fruits green, with red fleshy seeds.

Note. The ranges of both Michelia doltsopa
and Michelia ftoribunda overlap in western Yun-
nan, Some collections are difficult to identify and
probably are hybrids,

L. Diels. (1912, 1913) and Hu in Hu & Chun
(1929 pro parte) erroneously dealt with this species
under Michelia wilsonii (auct, non Finet & Gag-
nep. 1905). Craib (1925a) named it Michelia man-
ipurensis [auct. non Watt ex Brandis. 1906: Kerr
4926 (BM, E, K)].

10. Michelia foveolata Merr, ex Dandy, J. Bot,
66: 360. 1928. typk: W. T. Tsang & K. C.
Wong 2738 (in C. C. C. 14599) (holotype,
UC; isotype, SYS).

Michelia fitlge ns Dandy, J. Bot. 68: 210. 1930. type:

Poilane 7092 (holotype, P; isotype, K).
Michelia foveolata var. cinerascens Law & Y. F. Wu,

Bull, Bot. Res. (China) 6, 2: 99. 1986. type: China.

Zhejiang: Qingyuan Xian, X Wu 7720 (holotype,

1BSC not seen).

Tree to 45 m high and 90 cm diam.; hark pale
gray or dark gray; young twigs yellow or brown,
appreHsed-tomentose with short, straight, glossy,

clear to yellowish or brown hairs; old ones purple-
brown, ± pubescent, lenticellate. Stipules brown

tomentose or sericeous, free from the petiole. Leaves
coriaceous, rigid, above dark green, glossy, ap-
pressed-pubescent with slender, straight, brown
(when young) to clear (when old) hairs, especially
on the midrib, below appressed- tomentose with
short, straight, silver to brown hairs, glabrescent,
considerably variable in shape and size, narrowly
to broadly obovate, obovate-elliptic, narrowly ob-
ovate-elliptic to elliptic-oblong, 9.5-26 x 4.5-
12.5 cm; apex acute to acuminate, base cuneate
or obtuse to rounded, sometimes nearly cordate,
± oblique; midrib impressed above, prominent be-
neath, nerves visible on both sides, in 12-16 pairs,
reticulation dense, seemingly foveolate, obscure on
both sides. Petiole tomentose, glabrescent, 1.5-
3.5 cm long, without scars, Brachyblast tomentose
with same indurnent as young twigs, 13-25 x 4-
7 mm, pedicle absent; bracts 3-4(-5), densely
brown sericeous outside. Flower bud oblong, ca.
3,7 cm long; flower fragrant; tepals 9-12, white
or greenish white, subsimilar, broadly obovate to
spathulate, 3-4.5 x 1.6-2,4 cm, pubescent to-
ward the base; stamens 17-20 mm long, connec-
tive appendage rather short, ca. 0.5 mm long,
filaments 4-6 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, ex-
serted from stamens, 1.7-2 cm long; gynophore
tomentose with silver to yellow hairs, 1.2-1.5 x
0.2 cni; carpels many, tomentose with the same
hairs as gynophore; ovules 10 or more; scars of
perianth and stamens along torus ca. 3 x 3 mm.
Fruiting brachyblast 15-30 x 4-7 mm. Fruit 5-5-
14 cm long; ripe carpels 2-12, subglobose, ob-
ovoid, black-brown, ± pubescent, lenticellate, stip-
itate to short-sessile, beaked, 8-22 x 7-14 mm;
gynophore tomentose, 17-30 mm long; scars of
perianth and stamens 5-7 x 4-5 mm. Seeds sub-
globose to ellipsoid, 7-8 x 5-7 mm.

Distribution, Vietnam, China. In CHINA, Guang-
dong: CJutn W.Y. 7179. Guangzhou: Ah Po Shan,
Taam Y*W. 572; Chang Ki Tong, Shi Shan, Yuyuen,
Kwok S.P. 80335; Kook Kiang, Ko S.P. 50410; Lok
Chong, Tso C.L. 20354, Guangxi: Dayao Shan, Li Z.Q.
99; Debao, Li Z.T. 604032; Jinxui Xian, Da Yao Shan
Exped. II 080; Lingui, Liang C.F. 31751; Longshen,
Zhang. li.!\\ 406132. Guizhou: Jiangkou Xian, Si no-
American Guizhou Bot. Exped. 1077; Xingren Xian,
Dang C.Z. 1618. Hainan: Bak Sa, Lau S.K. 26589;
Baoting, Hainan Exped, 752; Fan Yah, Chun /V.AT. &
C.L. Tso 44233; Hung Mo Shan, McClure F.A. (LI-
18302) 768; Miu Tsuen, McClure FA, (LU 1824b) 712.
Hunan: Tarn P:C. 62498. Yunnan: Malipo, Law YW.
7066; Pingpien, Mao PA, 4253; Xichou, Liu Y*A.
101762. Also reported from Fujian, Jiangxi, and Zhe-
jiang.

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1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1067

Ecology. In evergreen broad -leaved and mixed
forest. Altitude: 500-1,800 m. Flowering March-
April; fruiting September- November.

Uses. Wood straight-grained and fine-tex-
tured, suitable for building, furniture, and plywood*

Collector's notes. Fairly common, flowers
white or yellow; fruits greenish, light gray, or pur-
plish red.

Note- Michelia foveolata is a recognizable
species. However, the shape and size of the leaves
and color of the indument varies.

11. Michelia fujianensis Q, F, Zheng,
See under dubious species.

12. Michelia fulva ("hang & B. L, Chen, Acta
Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 3: 87.
1987. TYPE: B. L. Chen GL86- 193 (holotype,
SYS). Figure 12.

Tree to 15 rn high and 15 cm diam.; buds,
young twigs, stipules outside, leaves beneath, pet-
iole, brachvblasts, and bracts outside densely ap-
pressed-hispid w r ith short to long, straight to un-
dulate, somewhat glistening, fulvous hairs; young
twigs 8-12 mm diam., dull brown, rough; old ones
provided w T ith lenticels, longitudinally fissured. Stip-
ules adnate to the base of the petiole, stipular scars
7-10 mm long. Leaves coriaceous, rigid, bright
green, above glabrous to ± pubescent, below pale
green to glaucous, glabrescent when old, elliptic,
ovate, obovate to oblong, (14-)18-24(-29) x 7-
10( 12) cm; apex acuminate to acute, base cu-
neate, sometimes rounded; midrib impressed above,
much prominent beneath; nerves in 7 — 1 1 (— 1 4)
pairs, meeting in a looped intramarginal vein; re-
ticulation densely netted, both nerves and reticu-
lation prominent on both sides. Petiole stout, di-
latate toward the base, 2-3 cm long. Brachyblast
2-2.2 x 1-1,2 cm, pedicle absent; spathaceous
bracts 2-3, broadly elliptic, ca. 52 x 21 mm.
Flower bud long ovoid, ca. 3.7 x 2 cm; tepals
12-13, white, subsimilar, fleshy, obovate to ellip-
tic, the inner tepals smaller than the 3 outer ones,
4,4-5,3 x 2-3 cm; stamens ca, 146, 33-39 mm
long, filaments 7-8 mm, anthers 25-30 mm, con-
nective appendage short-triangular, ca. 1 mm; gy-
noecium cylindric, ca, 24 mm long hidden within
and much shorter than stamens; gynophore pu-
bescent, ca. 6 mm long; carpels ca. 152, fulvous
pubescent, ovaries 2-3 nun long; styles glabrous,
1-2.5 mm long, scars of perianth and stamens on
torus ca. 10 mm long. Ripe carpels ovoid, sessile,
10-15 x 9-10 mm,

Distribution. CHINA. Yunnan: Maguan, B. L. Chen
GL86-193.

Ecology. In forest on limestone formations.
Altitude: 1,690 m. Flow r ering April.

Collector's note. The natural color of the te-
pals is not know T n precisely because the flowers
collected seemed nearly dry.

Note. The distinguishing characters of this
species are: plant covered with fulvous hispid hairs;
leaves large and rigid, pale green to glaucous be-
neath; flowers quite big,

13, Michelia ingrata B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang,
Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou)
3: 95. July 1988. TYPE: B. L Chen &C N.
Mai 87 T019 (holotype, SYS), Figure 13,

Michelia calcicola C. Y. Wu ex Law & Y. F. Wu, Acta
Bot. Yunnanica 10, 3: 339, f. 9-16 of t. 5. Aug.
1988. TYPE: C W. Wang 87716 (holotype, KUN).

Tree to 16 m high and 40 cm diam. Young
twigs dull brown, stout, 5-7 mm diam., villous with
long, straight, crisped to undulate, brown to rufous
hairs, soon glabrescent; old ones black -brown, fis-
sured and lenticellate, ± hairy to glabrous; terminal
buds narrowly ovoid, yellow to brown tomentose.
Stipules coriaceous, pubescent with long silky hairs
outside, free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous,
rigidulous, dark bright green, at first scattered-
pubescent over both surfaces and pilose along the
midrib, later glabreseenl above, beneath glaucous,
appressed-tomentose with same hairs as the young
twigs, sooner glabrescent or only pubescent along
midrib and nerves, or glabrous everywhere, elliptic
to obovate, the margin slightly revolute and bony;
13-21.5(-24) x 4.5-9.5 cm; apex acute to short-
acuminate, acumen 3-5 mm long, base cuneate
to subrounded: midrib impressed above, prominent
beneath; nerves in 12-14 pairs, visible on both
sides, reticulation densely netted, prominent on
both sides. Petiole pubescent, glabrescent, 2,7-4
em long. Brachvblasts covered with same indument
as young twigs, 3-4 x 0,6-0.8 cm, pedicles ab-
sent; spathaceous bracts 3, coriaceous, tomentose
outside. Flower golden-yellow, malodorous: tepals
9-12, subsimilar, the outer 3 obovate, glabrous,
ca. 5.7 x 3.5 cm, the inner tepals 6-9, narrowly
elliptic to spathulate, 4-4,5 x 1.9-2.1 cm; sta-
mens ca. 60 or more, 17-22 mm long, connective
appendage triangular, 0.8-1 mm long, filaments
4-6 mm long; gvnoecium cylindrical, golden pu-
berulent, ca. 2 cm long, exserted from stamens;
gynophore ca. 6 mm long; carpels ca. 63, ovate,
3-4 mm long; styles 1.5-3 mm long, glabrous.

1068

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Figure 12. Michelia fulva H. T, Chang & B. L. Chen. — L Flowering branch.—
Bract.- -4. Deflorate*! flower with gynoecium and part of androecium. — 5. Outer tepal.
Based on SYS 161751 — Chen Bao Liang Gl 86-193. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

2. Underside of leaf. — 3,
— 6. Stamen. — 7. Follicle,

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1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1069

FIGURE 13. Michelia ingrata B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang.— 1, Flowering branch, — 2. Fruit. — 3. Defiorated flower
showing gynoeciiun,— 4, Undersurface of leaf. Based on SYS 161515 = Chen Bao Liang 87 T 019. Drawing by
Xie Qing Jian,

Fruits 6-10 cm long, the fertile carpels sessile,
8,9-14 x 7-10 mm, with 2-5-mm-long beak.

Gynophore under fruit 17x4 mm. Seeds 2-3 in
each carpel.

Distribution. CHINA. Eastern and southern

Yunnan: Goang-nan, WangC.W. 87715; Maguan, Chen

B.L. & CM Mai 87 T 19; Malipo, Wang C.W. 87033.
Also in Xichou and Guangxi (Longzhou).

Ecology. In thickets on limestone. Altitude:
1,600-2,000 m. Flowering March-May.

Collector's note. Flowers with putrid smell.

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Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Note. This species varies in size of the leaves
and length of the peduncles.

14. Michelia kisopa Bueh.-Ham. ex DC. Syst.
Nat. 1:448. 1817. Sampacca kisopa {Such.'
Ham, ex DC.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen, PL 1: (>.
1891. TYPE: Nepal, Narain-hetty, 22 Oct.
1802, Buchanan- Hamilton s.n. (BM).

Michelia zila Buch.-Ham, ex Madden, Trans, Bot. Soc.
Edinburgh 5: 127, 1858. TYPE: Buchanan-Ham-
ilton 1262 (E).

Tree, bark gray; young twigs 1.5-3 mm diam.,
yellow-brown, purple-brown, to dull brown-black,
sparsely minute-puberulent or tomentellous with
short, straight to slightly undulate, clear hairs, gla-
brescent; old twigs brown, gray-brown, to gray-
black, longitudinally fissured or wrinkled, sparsely
lenticellate. Stipules tomentellous w r ith straight, clear
hairs, adnate to the petiole usually up to or beyond
half its length, scars 1.4-2 cm long. Leaves thinly
coriaceous to coriaceous, bright green, sparsely
puberulent, especially on the midrib and toward
the base above, paler green, minutely appressed-
pubescent with straight, clear hairs, glabrescent
beneath, oblong-elliptic, obovate-elliptic, oblong,
ovate-oblong to ovate, somewhat unequal; 5.2-
16,5(-19) x 2.2-5 cm; apex acuminate to long-
acuminate, acumen 7-12(-20) mm long, occa-
sionally acute, base cuneate to rounded; midrib
slightly impressed above, nerves in 10-15 pairs,
obscure or hardly visible on both sides, reticulation
prominent on both sides. Petiole slender, puberu-
lent, glabrescent, 1.6-3.5 cm long. Brachyblast
densely tomentose with short, straight to slightly
undulate, clear or gray hairs, 4-6 x 3-5 mm,
pedicle absent; bracts 3(-4), appressed -tomentose
with same hairs as the brachyblast. Flowers not or
faintly scented; tepals 9-15, w r hite to yellow, gla-
brous or puberulent outside toward the base, sub-
similar, the outer 3 obovate, obovate-ohlong, to
spathulate, tapering toward the base, becoming
short or long clawed, 3-3.5 x 1-1.3 cm, the inner
tepals narrowly obovate-elliptic, 2.2-2.7 x 0.4-
0.7 cm; stamens 8-1 1 mm long, connective ap-
pendage usually linguiform or long-triangular, 2
4 mm long, filaments 1 2 mm long; gynoecium
eylindric, longer than the androecium, ca. 6-10
x 2 mm; gynophore yellowish tomentellous, ca.
1-4x1 mm; carpels ca, 26, ovoid, covered with
the same indument as the gynophore; styles short
and wide, glabrous; ovules 3-8; scars of perianth
and stamens on torus 1-2 x 2.5-3 mm. Fruiting
brachyblast ca. 7x5 mm. Fruit 3 10 cm long;
mature carpels 3-14, nearly globose or ellipsoid,

yellow-brown, sessile, beaked apically, ± puberu-
lent, 8-14 x 7-10 mm; scars of perianth and
stamens ca* 4x4 mm. Gynophore under fruit 1
cm long.

Distribution. Southern Kumaon to Sikkim, China,
In CHINA: Xizang,

Ecology. In forests. Altitude: 1,500-2,250 m.
Uses. According to Aikin, the wood is used
for light construction.

Note. See Dandy (1927b).

15. Michelia lacei W. W. Smith, Notes Roy,
Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 12: 216, 1902. type:
7, //, Lace 5928 (holotype, E; isotype, K).

Michelia uniflora Dandy, Kew Bull. 1927: 203, 1927.

TYPE: Burma. Mawson, southern Shan States, /V.

Manders, 1888 (holotype, K),
Michelia tignifera Dandy, J. Bot, 68: 213. 1930. TYPE;

Poilane 12864 (holotype, P; isotype, K) T
Michelia magnified, Hu, Bull, Fan, Mem. Inst. Biol. (Pei-

ping) 10: 118. 1940. typk: //. V Tsai 56961 (ho-
lotype, PE; isotypes, A, BM).
Michelia pachycarpa Law & R. Z. Zhou, Bull. Bot. Res.

(China) 7, 1: 85, t. 1987. TYPE: R. Z. Zhou 25

(IBSC, seen alive).

Tree to 40 m high and 1 m diam.; young twigs
stout, 4-6(-10) mm diam., glabrous or at first
gray- to yellowish tomentose, later glabrescent, te-
rete, brown-yellow to purple-brown, usually glau-
cous when dry, conspicuously elliptic lenticellate
and with annular scars; old ones longitudinally fis-
sured. Stipules thinly coriaceous, appressed -pu-
bescent with short, straight, yellowish hairs, gla-
brescent, free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous,
rigidulous, bright green above, pale green beneath,
glabrous on both sides, obovate-elliptic to elliptic,
14-28 x 6-10 cm; apex short-acuminate to acute,
base cuneate to broadly cuneate, margin somewhat
revolute; midrib impressed above, prominent be-
low, nerves in 9-15(-20) pairs, reticulation lax,
nerves and reticulation prominent on both sides
when dry. Petiole glabrous, wide sulcate above,
2,5-3 cm long, without scars. Brachyblast glabrous
to tomentose, 15-25 x 5-7 nun, pedicle absent;
bracts «'i 4, ehartaceous, ± puberulent outside,
especially toward the base. Flower fragrant, soli-
tary, sometimes abnormally two- flowered; bud ovoid-
cylindrie, ca. 4 cm long; tepals 9, while, subsiiuilar,
glabrous, obovate to spathulate, 5.5-7 x 1.5-3
cm; stamens 2 2.5 cm long, connective appendage
short-triangular, ca. 1 mm long, filaments 2-3 mm
long; gynophore tomentellous, 1 2 em long, gy-
noecium 1.7-2 cm long-exserted from stamens;
carpels ca. 12, glabrous; styles long and recurved;

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1071

ovules ca. 10; scars of perianth and stamens on
torus ca. 7 mm long. Fruiting brachyblast 15-25
x 5-10 mm. Fruit 7-10 cm long; ripe carpels 4-
6, obovoid, brown to dark brown, lenticellate, ca.
2-4.5 x 2 cm, 5-6 mm thick; gynophore ca. 29
x 6 mm; scars of perianth arid stamens ca. 2-2.2
x 0.9 cm.

Distribution. China, Vietnam, and Burma. In CHI-
NA. Southwestern and southeastern Yunnan; Chen
B.L 86 S 51, GS 86102, Tsai H.T. 56961.

In forests. Altitude: 1,450-1,550
m. Flowering February-March; fruiting Septem-
ber-October*

Uses. Wood soft, for planks.

Collector's note. Big tree, flowers white,
heavily sweet-scented.

Note. The first author has collected material
with flowers and fruits from the type tree of Miche-
lia packycarpa. There is no doubt that it is syn-
onymous with Michelia lacei*

16. Miehelia macclurei Dandy, J. Bot. 66: 360.
1928. TYPE: F. A. McClure 1468 (in C. C
C. 13292) (holotype, UC; isotypes, A, K, US).

Michelia macclurei var, sublanea Dandy, J. Bot. 68:
212. 1930. type: Tsiang 2609 (holotype, NY; iso-
types, A, BM, E, K, P).

Tree to 30 m high and 1 m diam,; bark white-
gray; buds, young twigs, stipules, petiole, brachy-
blasts and bracts outside appressed-tomentellous
with short, straight, clear, silver, brown or rufous
hairs, glabrescent; young twigs 2-4 nun diam.,
yellow-brown, blackish to purple-brown; old ones
rough, sparsely lenticellate, longitudinally striped.
Stipules free from the petiole. Leaves coriaceous,
at first somewhat sericeous, later glabrescent above,
appressed-tomcntose with short to long, straight,
rufous (when young) to dear or yellowish (when
older), glistening hairs beneath, broadly elliptic to
broadly ovate, rhombic-elliptic, or broadly obovate,
occasionally narrowly elliptic, 6.5-14 x 4-6,5
cm; apex short-acuminate to acute, base cuneate
to broadly cuneate; midrib impressed above, prom*
inent, at first densely brown pubescent with long
hairs, soon glabrescent, nerves fine, in 10- 1 5 pairs,
conspicuous on both sides; reticulation usually
densely netted, prominent on both sides. Petiole
sulcate above, 2.5-4 cm long, without stipular
scars. Brachyblast 10-13 x 3-4 mm, with 3 bract
scars; pedicle 2 5 mm. Tepals 9-12, white, sub-
similar, the outer 3 narrowly obovate to spathulate,
3,5-4.5 x 1-1,5 cm, the inner 6-9 smaller and
narrower than the outer ones; stamens 9-13 mm

long, connective sparsely puberulent, its appendage
tonguelike, 1-2 mm long, filaments 1-2 mm long;
gynoecium narrowly cylindric, 7-9 mm long, to-
mentellous, slightly longer than the androecium;
gynophore brown tomentellous, 5 mrn long; carpels
ca. 28 or more. Fruiting brachyblast 10-15 x 4-
5 mm, glabrescent. Fruit 3 7 cm long; gynophore
8-10 x 3-4 mm, glabrescent; ripe carpels ellipsoid
or subglobose, dull brown, sessile, ± lenticellate,
15-23 x 9-10 mm; scars of perianth and stamens
on torus ca. 4-5 x 5 mm. Seeds 1-3, flat-ovoid,
8-10 mm long.

Distribution. China and northern Vietnam. In CHI-
NA. Guangdong: Fangcheng, Chun S.H. 4466; Wu-
chuan, Chen S.P. 1131; Yangchun, Wang Q 83000 L
Guangxi: Rongshui, Long G.R. 830090; Ronxian, Li-
ang C.F. 31845; Yulin, Lee S.K. 200723. Hainan:
Manning, How F.C 73194. Also in Yunnan.

Ecology. In mixed forest. Altitude: 500- 1 ,000
m. Flowering March-April; fruiting September-
November.

Uses. Wood fine-textured, straight-grained and
fragrant; commonly used for construction, planks,
and furniture; the tree is grown as an ornamental.

\otc. The indument varies in this species.
Therefore, we prefer to reduce Michel in macclurei
var, sublanea to Michelia macclurei.

17. Miehelia mastkata Dandy, J. Bot. 67: 222.
1929. TYPE; Poilane 1 1253 (holotype, P; iso-
types, BM, K).

Michelia sphaerantha Law & Y. F. Wu, Acta Bot,

Yunnanica 10, 3: 335, t. L 1988, num. illeg., non

Michelia sphaerantha Z, S. Yue 1987. TYPE: Af.

K. Li 2539 (KUN not seen).

See Michelia sphaerantha Yue under dubious species.

Tree to 18-25 rn high and 80 cm diarn.; bark
gray-brown, irregularly fissured lengthwise, con-
spicuously lenticellate; young twigs pubescent or
glabrous, slender, bright yellow-green; old ones dark
green, with white lenticels; bud eylindric, ca, 13
mm long. Stipules yellowish sericeous or brownish
pubescent outside toward the apex, free from the
petiole. Leaves coriaceous, dark green, slightly
glossy above, pale green beneath, scattered ap-
pressed-pubescent with short, straight to slightly
undulate, clear to brownish hairs, glabrescent on
both sides, broadly elliptic, elliptic-oblong, ovate,
or obovate, 12-22(-28) X 5-8(-10) cm; apex
short-acuminate, base cuneate to rounded; midrib
and nerves impressed above, much prominent be-
low, nerves in 8-13 pairs, reticulation laxly netted,
visible on both sides, Petiole appressed-tomentel-
lous, glabrescent, 2-3(-4.5) cm long, without scars.

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Brachyblast yellowish sericeous, glabreseent, ca.
10 x 3-4 mm; pedicle absent; bracts 3> covered
with same indument as the stipule. Tepals 9-12,
white to yellowish white, subsimilar, the outer 3
obovate, narrowly obovate to spathulate, 5-9(-l 1)
x 1-2,5 cm, the inner 6-9 narrower than the
outer ones, 3-6(~8) mm long; stamens many, ca.
2 cm long, filament ca. 3 innu connective ap-
pendage ca, 1 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, to-
mentellous with short, straight, brownish hairs, 3-
6(-8) cm long, longer than stamens; gynophore
tomentellous, ca, 1 cm long; carpels many, ca. 6
mm long; styles ca. 2.2 mm long; scars of perianth
and stamens on torus 6-8 x 5 mm. Fruiting
brachyblasts 5-7 cm long. Fruit 10-40(-53) cm
long; follicles to IQ0(-128), dull brown, ovoid to
ellipsoid, densely gray-white lenticellate, reddish
glandular, apically beaked. Seeds 2-6 in each car-
pel, red, globose and slightly compressed to irreg-
ularly shaped, ca. 10 mm long, Gynophore under
fruit ca. 2.5 cm long.

Distribution. China* Laos, and Vietnam, hi CHINA.
Yunnan: Wulinag shan, Tsiang 71 12059: Menghua,
Yu TT. 15884; Nanjiang Xian, Yue Z.S. 86- 107; Ping*
pien, Mao PA, 27216; Chu-hsiun, Li M.K. 3.

In forest. Altitude: 500-2,110 m.
Flowering April-May; fruiting October,

Uses. Wood hard and dense, useful for all
purposes. The tree is grown as an ornamental.

Note. We were unable to study the type spec-
imen of Michelia sphaerantha C. Y. Wu ex Law
& Y. F. Wu. Fortunately, there were some other
collections available (including Mao l'ing-i 3621,
0321, and 02728). There is no doubt that Miche-
lia sphaerantha C. Y. Wu ex Law & Y, F. Wu
(nomen illeg.) belongs to Michelia mastivata. The
only differences are in the degree of indument and
the number of carpels. Generally, the Chinese col-
lections have a more dense indument and more
carpels. Michelia sphaerantha, published by Yue
(1987) is based on another type and represents
another species,

18. Michelia niaudiae Dunn, J. Linn. Soc. Bot.
38: 353. 1908. SYNTYPES: Hongkong Herb.
2449, 2065 (HK, A).

Michelia rhingii Cheng, Contr. Biol. Lab. ScL Sue, China,
Bot. Ser/10: 110, 1936, type: R. C. Ching 2452
(holotype, PE; isotypes, A, E, K),

Tree to 20 m high and 60 cm diam,; bark pale
gray or gray-brown; plant entirely glabrous; buds,
young twigs, stipules outside, leaves beneath, pet-
iole, brachyblasts, bracts outside, and gynoecium

pale green to glaucous when dry; young twigs 2-
3 mm diam., dull purple-brown, yellow-black to
dull yellow; old ones yellow-gray, black -gray to dull
black, lenticellate, longitudinally fissured. Stipules
free from the petiole* Leaves coriaceous, dark green,
glossy above, broadly elliptic, obovate-elliptic to
obovate, 9.5-17,5 x 3-7 cm; apex abruptly short-
acuminate, acumen 3-12 mm long, occasionally
long -acuminate, to 2 cm long, base cuneate to
nearly rounded; midrib flat to ± impressed above;
nerves fine, visible on both sides, in 7-12 pairs,
reticulation densely netted, prominent on both sides.
Petiole 1-3 cm long, without stipular scar. Brachy-
blast 10-28 x 4-7 mm, pedicle absent; bracts 2-
4, sometimes leaflike. Flower solitary, occasionally
two, fragrant; tepals 9-12, white, subsirnilar, the
outer 3 broadly obovate, attenuate toward the base,
5-8 x 2.3-4 crn, the inner tepals 6-9, obovate,
elliptic to broadly spathulate, short-clawed at the
base, 4,5-5 x 1.8-2.5 cm; stamens 13-17 mm
long, connective appendage short to long trian-
gular, 0.5-2 mm long, filaments pale purple, 2-
5x2 mm; gynoecium subcylindric, longer than
the androecium, 10-13 mm long; gynophore 6-
1 2 mm long; carpels many, ovoid, 2 3 mm long;
styles 3-3,5 mm long; ovules 6-14 in each carpel;
scars of perianth and stamens on torus ca. 4x6
mm. Fruiting brachyblast 17-30 x 4-8 mm. Fruits
10— 1 2(— 1 4) cm long; ripe carpels 2-19, obovoid
to ovoid, dull brown, lenticellate, short-beaked api-
cally, 1-2.5 x 1-1.7 cm; gynophore 13-30 x
4-5 mm; scars of perianth and stamens 5-6 x
6-7 mm. Seeds subovoid, ca. 1 x 0,5 crn, slightly
compressed.

Distribution, CHINA. Fujian: Yenping, Buong,
Chung //.//. 3()(>7. Guangdong: North river region,
Wang C. 31404- Ruyuan, Chen B,L, 80110; Ying Tak t
Tsang Wl\ 3044; Fan Shiu Shan, Lau S.K. 2552.
<*uangxi: Guangyang, Zhao R.F. 54; Lingui, Zhao R.F.
197; Longshen, Liu L.F. 567 I: Xingan, Xing An Exped.
285. Cuizhou: Tuhshan, Tsiang Y 6933; Liping Xian,
Yuan J.M* 621; Lipo county, Song X.H* 244, Hainan:
Jiangyong, 7am P.C. 63667, jiangxi: Lungnan distr.,
Lau S.K. 4854, Zhejiang: Lungtsuau, Ho YY. 3200;
Pang Yung t Ching R,C. 2066. Also reported from south-
ern Hunan.

Ecology, In evergreen broad -leaved forests.
Altitude: 500-1,500 m. Flowering February
March; fruiting September-October*

Uses. Wood straight-grained and fine-tex-
tured, used for furniture and planks.

19. Michelia mediocris Dandy, J. Bot. 66; 47*
1928, TYPE: McClure in C. C. C 8593 (ho-
lotype, BM; isotypes, A, E, K, MO).

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Magnoliaceae of China

1073

Tree to 35 m high and 90 cm diam.; bark white-
gray; buds rufous or silver appressed-tomentellous;
young twigs 2-3 mm diam., dull black-gray to
yellow-brown, appressed-tomentellous with short,
straight, silver to brown hairs, glabrescent, sparsely
lentieellate. Stipules silver appressed-tomentellous,
free from the petiole. Leaves thinly coriaceous to
coriaceous, bright green, scattered-puberulent with
short, straight, clear to brown hairs, especially on
midrib and toward the base, glabrescent or glabrous
above, ± pale green, at first appressed-tomentel-
lous with short, straight, glistening, yellowish hairs,
soon glabrescent beneath, elliptic, broadly elliptic,
obovate-elliptic to rhombic-elliptic, 5-10(-13.5) x
3-4(-7) cm; apex acute to acuminate, base atten-
uate or cuneate to broadly cuneate; midrib prom-
inent, appressed-puberulent with short, straight,
brown and yellowish hairs, glabrescent below-, nerves
rather fine, in 10-15 pairs, obscure to visible on
both sides, more prominent beneath than above,
reticulation densely netted, conspicuous on both
sides when dry. Petiole densely tomentellous with
same hairs as young twigs, glabrescent, 1,5-2.5
cm long, without scars, Brachyblast brown or yel-
low appressed-tomentellous, ca. 6-10 x 3 mm,
pedicle ca. 2 mm long; bracts 3^4, silver or brown
tomentellous outside. Tepals 9-10, white, subsimi-
lar, obovate, spathulate to obovate -linear, usually
attenuate toward the base, clawed at the base, 1 .8-
3 x 0,4-1,8 cm; stamens 1-1,5 cm long, con-
nective 1 appendage tonguelike, variable in length,
2-4 mm long, filaments 1.5 2 mm long; gynoe-
cium short-cylindric, 6-12 mm long, usually longer
than the androecium, occasionally equal to the
latter; gynophore gray to brown tomentellous. 3
5 mm long; carpels 13-18, tomentellous with same
hairs as gynoecium; ovules 4-6; scars of perianth
and stamens on torus ca. 3 x 3 mm. Fruiting
brachyblast ca. 1 x 0.4 cm, tomentellous. Fruit
2-3.5(-5) cm long; carpels glabrescent, obovoid
to ellipsoid, slightly compressed, sessile, ca. 2 X
1 .2 cm; gynophore under fruit 5-8 mm long. Seeds
5-8 mm long.

Distribution. China, Cambodia, and Vietnam. In
CHINA. Guangdong: Dinghushan, Shi G.L. 14241;
Fachou distr., McClure F.A. 582. Guangzhou: Wang
X.W. 5690; Kochow, Pasheng 2; Yingde Xian, Liang
H. Y. 6 1546. Guangxi: Dafongshan, (.hang CC. / 13 76;
Zhaoping Xian, Li Y.K. 402692, Hainan: Bawangling,
Zheng P. 13465; Chim Fung Mt., Lau S.K. 5245; Five
Finger Mts. ( McClure F.A. CCC 8593: Hung Mo Tung,
Sing IX (herb,nr 18350) 817; Tianchi, Wang C 2888.

Ecology, In forest. Altitude: 400-1,300 rm
Flowering December January; fruiting June-July.

Uses. Sapwood yellow-brown, heartwood
brown-yellow; wood straight-grained* fine- textured,
light, soft, and durable; commonly used for fur-
niture, millwork, veneer, plywood, musical instru-
ments, and also for bridges and ships.

Collector's notes. On sandy soil; flowers fra-
grant.

Note. G. W. Groff, Ding & Groff(1923) and
Merrill (1927a) rnisidentified this species as Micke-
tin maudiae (auct. non Dunn, 1908).

20. Michelia microtricha Hand.-Mazz., Akad.
Wiss. Wien 58, 18: 81. 1921. type: Ten 339
(holotype, C; isotypes, K, V). Figure 14,

Free to 3-20 m high. Young twigs 2-3 mm
diam., dull yellow- brown or black -brown, ap-
pressed-tomentellous with minute, straight, brown
to gray hairs, glabrescent; old ones dull brown, ±
pubescent, lentieellate; buds narrowly ovoid, 1.2
cm long. Stipules minutely gray or dark brown
tomentellous outside, stipular scars ca. 1.5 cm long.
Leaves coriaceous, dark green, glossy, appressed-
puberulous with straight, clear to gray hairs, es^
pecially on the midrib and toward the base above,
glabrescent, appressed-tomentellous with short,
straight, yellowish to brown hairs beneath, elliptic
to narrowly obovate, 8-16 x 3-5 cm; apex acute
to short-acuminate, base cuneate; midrib impressed
above, conspicuous below, nerves fine, visible on
both sides, in 8-14 pairs, reticulation densely net-
ted, obscure on both sides. Petiole tomentellous,
glabrescent, narrow r ly sulcate above, 2.5-3 cm long.
Brachyblast densely tomentose, 7-10 x 3.5-4
mm, pedicle ca. 3x4 mm; bracts 3, broadly
ovate, cupreous sericeous outside, 3,5-3.9 cm long.
Flower bud long-ovoid; tepals 1 2, white, fleshy, the
outer 3 obovate to spathulate, abruptly constricted
near the middle or tapering gradually toward the
base, finally becoming long clawed, 3.2-3.7 X

1 .4 1 .5 cm, the inner tepals 6, spathulate, ca. 3-
3.7 x 1,2 cm, the 3 innermost ones obovate-linear,
ca. 2.5 x 0.8 cm; stamens numerous, 10-1 1 mm
long, connective appendage short triangular, 1

2.5 mm long; filaments 1-2.5 mm long; gynoecium
subcylindric, 6-11 mm long; gynophore minutely
puberulent with clear or brownish hairs, ca. 4 mm
long; carpels ca. 25-40, ellipsoid, covered with the
same indument as gynophore; styles glabrous, erect,
1-1.5 mm long; ovules 6-8; scars of perianth and
stamens on torus ca. 2 mm long. Fruit not seen.

Distribution. CHINA. Yunnan: Lungtji, Peyent-
jing, Dali, Teng, S.Af. 339; Jinping, Wu S.K. 3867.

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1 cm

1 mm

¥ua Ki: 14. Michelia mivratrivfm Hand.-Mazz.- L Flowering branch.- -2. Deflorated flower.- -3, Fragment of
leaf underside. Based on Simeon Ten 339 (WU), Drawing by Joop Wessendorp, Rijksher barium, Leiden,

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1075

Ecology, In forest.

Note. Michelia microtricha is relatively rare
and is closely related to Michelia fiorihunda. It
differs from the latter chiefly by the indument with
minute hairs and by the longer brachyhlasts.

21. Michelia shiluensis Chun & Y. Wu.
See under dubious species,

22. Michelia velutina DC, Prodr. 1: 79, Jan.

1824, TYPE: Nepal: Wallich s.n. (K).

Michelia lanuginosa Wall., Tent. Fl. Nepal., I: 8, t. 5.

June 1824. Sampacca lanuginosa (Wall.) Kuntze,

Revis. Gen. PL 1; 6. 189 if TYPE: Wallich 6493

(holotype, K; isotypes, A, BM).
Michelia lanceolata E. H. Wilson, J. Arnold Arbor. 7:

237. 1926. type: /. F. Rock 6919 (holotype, A;

isotypes, E, NY, UC).

Tree to 15-20 m high by 90 cm diarn.; bark
dull brown; indument yellowish to brown, some-
times glossy; young twigs 2-3 mm diarn., brown
to purple-black, pubescent with short, appressed
or spreading, undulate to curly hairs, glabrescent;
old ones ± hairy. Stipules densely pubescent with
long, straight or undulate hairs outside, adnate to
the petiole, stipular scars 3-5(- 11) mm long. Leaves
chartaceous to thinly coriaceous, dark green, gla-
brous or scattered-pubescent with slender, undulate
hairs, especially dense on the midrib above, paler
green, densely appressed-pubescent with long, un-
dulate, clear or brown hairs, seemingly velvet, fi-
nally glabrescent below, narrowly elliptic, some-
times elliptic to broadly elliptic or ovate-elliptic,
(6.2-)ll-24(-29.5) x (2.5-)3.5-6.5(-8.5) cm;
apex acute to short- or long-acuminate, acumen
1-1.7 cm long, occasionally obtuse, base cuneate
to rounded; midrib impressed above, prominent
below, nerves fine, slightly impressed, obscure
above, visible beneath, in 1 1 — 23(— 28) pairs, re-
ticulation densely netted, faint on both sides. Pet-
iole densely pubescent, glabrescent, somewhat di-
latate toward the base, 0,9-1 .4(-2. 3) cm long.
Brachyblast densely pubescent with short, undulate
to curly, yellowish or brown hairs, 4-17 x 4-5
mm, pedicle 0-2 mm long; bracts 3, pubescent
with same hairs as stipules outside. Flower bud
long-ovoid, ca. 2.7 cm long; flower very fragrant;
tepals 10-12(-13), white to yellowish, subsimilar,
spathulate to elliptic-linear, basally long-clawed,
the outer 4-6 glabrous to puberulent outside at
the base, 2.2-5.5 x 0.7-0.8 cm; stamens 9-12
mm long, connective appendage triangular, 1-2
mm long, filaments ca. 2 mm long; gynoecium
ovoid-oblong to narrowly ovoid, longer than the

androecium, 9-15 x 3—6 mm; gynophore densely
pubescent, 6-7 x 2-3 mm; carpels ca. 35, sub-
globose, densely pubescent; styles erect, glabrous,
ca. 1 mm long; ovules 3-6 in each carpel; scars
of perianth and stamens on torus 3-5 x 4-5 mm.
Fruiting brachyblast ± pubescent, ca. 1-1.7 x
0,5 cm. Fruit 3.5-13 cm long; ripe carpels ovoid
to ellipsoid, dull brown, densely lenticellate outside,
stipitate, 7-25 x 10-17 mm; gynophore 17-20
x 4-4,5 mm; scars of perianth and stamens ca.
5 x 5 mm. Seeds subcordate to subglobose, 7-10
x 6-8 mm.

Distribution. CHINA. Xizang: PuLsang River, Rung
To valley, Zayul, Kingdon Ward F. 10980. Yunnan:
W of Talifu, Mekong watershed, Rock J.F, 6919; Che
li Hsien, Wang CW. 78441; Chu hsian, Li M.K. 59.

Ecology. In mixed forests. Altitude: 1,500-
2,300 m. Flowering May-June; fruiting August-
September.

Uses. Wood usually grayish white and soft,
not useful.

23. Michelia wilsonii Finet & Gagnep., Bull.
Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4: 45, t, 7 A.
1905, TYPE: Wilson 3136 (holotype, P; iso-

types, A, BM, K).

Michelia sinensis Hemsl. & E. H. Wilson, Kew Bull.
1906: 149. 1906. type: Wilson {Veitch Exped.)
3136 (holotype, K; isotypes, A, BM, P).

Michelia szechuanica Dandy, Notes Roy. Bot, Card.
Edinburgh 16: 131. 1928, type; Wilson 4598 (ho-
lotype, K; isotype, A).

Tree to 20 m high; indument appressed to
spreading; young twigs 1-3 mm diarn., yellow or
black-brown, glabrous to tomentose; old ones brown
to purple-brown, lenticellate. Stipules densely pu-
bescent with short, straight to undulate, yellowish
to brow T n hairs, adnate to base of the petiole, scars
1-5 mm long. Leaves thinly coriaceous, dark green,
glossy, pubescent especially on the midrib, later
glabrescent above, glaucous, at first densely pu-
bescent or tomentellous with minute, straight or
undulate, yellowish to brown hairs, finally glabres-
cent beneath, obovate, obovate-elliplic narrowly
obovate-elliptic, rarely broadly elliptic, somewhat
unequal, 11.5-14(-18) x 4-6 cm; apex short-
acuminate, acumen 4-10 mm long, occasionally
acute, base attenuate to cuneate or broadly cu-
neate; midrib slightly impressed above, nerves ob-
scure above, visible below, in 8-13 pairs, reticu-
lation densely netted, fain l on both sides when dry.
Petiole pubescent, glabrescent, 1.2-1.5 cm long.
Brachyblast pubescent with short, undulate hairs,
7-10 x 3-8 mm, pedicle absent; bracts 3(-4),

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pubescent outside. Flower bud ovoid to ellipsoid,

ca. 13 mm long; flower fragrant; tepals 9-12,
yellowish white, subsimilar, ohovate to spathulate,
2-3 X 0,6-0.8 cm; stamens 10-12 mm long,
connective appendage very short-triangular, ca.
0,5 mm long, filaments 2 2.5 mm long; gynoecium
cylindric, longer than the androecium, ca, 14 nun
long; gynophore tomentellous, 2-3 mm long; car-
pels many, brown or stiver tomentellous; ovules 6
or more; scars of perianth and stamens on ion is
2-2,5 x 3-3.5 mm. Fruiting brachyblast ± pu-
bescent, ca, 1 1 x 8 mm. Fruit 13.5-15,5 cm
long; ripe carpels suhglobose, ovoid to ellipsoid,
purple-brown, lentieellate outside, sessile to short-
stipitate, apex curved -beaked, 10-20 x 15 mm;
gynophore 2-2.2 cm x 0.4-0,5 mm.

Distribution. CHINA. Guizhou: Chisbui Xian, Dang
C,Z. /6,)6. Hubei Sichuan: Metaseqoia area, flwa
C.T. 502. Jiangxi: Li Z.Z 8220423. Sichuan: Nan-
chuan, Yang GJL 547 lh\ Mabian, Chang Q.L. 12055;
Kai Hsien, Wilson E.H. 4598; Mt. Omei, 4720.

Ecology, In forests, Altitude: 1,000-1,500
m* Flowering March -May; fruiting August -Sep-
tember.

Collectors note. In forests on slope or in tem-
ple gardens.

Note, Michelia sinensis, like Michelia sze-
ckuanica, is not different from Michelia wihoniL
The type specimen of Michelia szechuanica pos-
sesses appressed hairs, whereas that of Michelia
wilsonii has spreading hairs. Unfortunately, we did
not have much material to study, but in some
collections examined we observed an intermediate
indument.

24. Michelia xalba DC, Syst, Nat, 1: 449,
1817, TYPE: This species is based on Sam para
domestica IV alha Rumph., Herb. Amboiu.
2: 200. 1741,

Michelia longifolia Blunte, Verh. Batav. Genootsch.

Kunsten 9: 155. 1823. Sampaca longifolia O.

Kuntze, Rev. Gen. PI. 1: 6. 1891. type: filume s.n.

(L, sheet no. 908.126-1242; isotype, K).
Michelia longifolia var. racemosa Blume, Fl. Javae Mag-

noliaceae: 13, T. 3, 1829. TYPE: Blume s.n. (L).

Tree to 30 m high, bark pray; young twigs and
buds densely grayish appressed -pubescent or pu-
berulent, soon glabrescent. Stipules covered with
same indument as the young twigs, adnate to the
base of the petiole, stipular scars never over half-
way the length of the petiole. Leaves thinly cori-
aceous, glabrous above, sparsely pubescent below,
elliptic to obovate-elliptie, 10-35 x 4-11 cm;
apex acuminate, acumen 7-30 mm long, base cu-

neate. Petiole sparsely appressed-puberulent to gla-
brous, 1 .5-5 cm long. Brachyblasts with 2-3 even-
ly distributed scars, densely grayish pubescent.
Flowers often many, nicely scented, white; tepals
10-12, subequal, lanceolate, 3-5.5 x 0.3-0*5
cm; stamens 8-10 mm long, connective appendage
tonguelike, 1-1.5 mm long, filaments 1 1.5 mm
long; gynoecium minutely hairy, exserted from the
androecium, 8-13 mm long; carpels ca. 10; gyno-
phore grayish puberulent, 2-4 mm long. Fruits
usually with a few ripening carpels but most carpels
abortive, 10-13 cm long; ripe carpels ovoid to
ellipsoid, L2 1.8 cni x 8-12 mm, ± hairy, beaked
at the apex; gynophore 1 18-24 mm long; scars of
perianth and stamens ca. 16 x 6 mm. Fruiting
peduncle pubescent, glabrescenu 1.7 3.2 x 0.5
cm.

Distribution. Widely cultivated in southern Fujian,
Guangdong, Hainan, Cuangxi, and Yunnan, as well as in
other tropical and subtropical countries.

Ecology. Flowering April -September,
Uses. Flower and root used for medicinal pur-
poses, flowers and leaves for volatile oil; the tree
is grown as an ornamental.

Note. Ridley (19 13) and Merrill (1921a p.p.)
dealt with this species under Michelia champava-
(auct. non Linnaeus. I 753). It is probably a hybrid
of Michelia champava F. and Michelia moniana
Blume.

2. Michelia section Anisochlamys Dandy in
Praglowski, World Pollen Spore F. 3: 5. 1974.

TYPE SPECIES: Michelia ma ami King.

Stipules free from the petiole, the latter at least
10 mm long. Bracts 3. Tepals 9, 3-merous, very
dissimilar, those of the outer whorl much shorter
and narrower than those of the inner whorls. Fruits
apocarpous.

25, Michelia hypolampra Dandy, J. Bot, 66:
32. 1928. type: Fleury in Chevalier 30158
(holotype, P; isotype, K).

Talauma gioii A. Chev., Bull. Econ. 132: 790. 1918,
TYPE: Service forest ier 38204 (holotype, P).

Michelia hedyosperma Law, Bull. Bot. Res. (China) 5,
3: 123, t. 3, 1985. type: L. C. Chin & S. L Feng
605 (IBSC not seen),

Tree to 21 m high and 60 cm diam.; buds,
stipules outside, young petiole, brachyblast, bracts
outside, carpels and gynophore densely covered
with minute, straight or slightly undulate, clear to
silver 9 appressed hairs; young twigs slender, 1 2
mm diam,, dull brown or black-gray, glabrous; old

Volume 80, Number 4
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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1077

ones dull gray, longitudinally wrinkled. Stipules free
from the petiole. Leaves thinly coriaceous, glabrous
on both sides, or sparsely puberulent> on both the
midrib and the margin near the base above, bright
green, glossy, broadly elliptic, elliptic to obovate-
elliptic, 6-13 x 3-6 cm; apex acuminate* acumen
4-10 mm long, occasionally acute, base cuneate,
± attenuate along the petiole; midrib slightly prom-
inent above, prominent beneath, nerves fine, in 8—
16 pairs* reticulation fine and dense, nerves and
reticulation prominent on both sides. Petiole wide
sulcate above, 1-2 cm long, without scars. Brachy-
blast rather short, 3-4 x 1.5-2 mm, pedicle ab-
sent to very short; bracts 3. Flower buds oblong
to ellipsoid* ca. 1 cm long; tepals 9, dissimilar, the
outer 3 membranous, linear, t;a. 15x1 mm, the
inner tepals 6, narrowly elliptic, 15-20 x 0,4-6
mm; stamens ca. 25, 8-9 mm long, connective
appendage triangular, 1-1.5 mm long, anthers ca.
5 mm long; gynoecium ovoid, 1-2 cm long, ex-
serted from stamens; gynophore 4-6 x 1 mm;
carpels 4-10, free from each other, narrowly el-
liptic, 6-7 mm long; styles ca. 2 mm long* re-
curved; ovules 6 8; scars of perianth and stamens
on torus ca. 2-3 x 2 mm. Fruiting brachyblast
5-20 x 2-5 mm, ± puberulent. Fruit 3.5-4 cm
long; ripe carpels ovoid to obovoid-ellipsoid, gray
brownish to brownish, densely lenticellate, with a
stipe 3-8 mm long at the base, beaked at the apex,
2-4.5 x 1-2.5 cm; gynophore 2-3 x 0.2-0.5
cm; scars of perianth and stamens ca* 4x5 mm.
Seeds irregularly shaped, 1-4 in each ripe carpel,
9-10 x 6-8 mm.

Distribution. CHINA. Southwestern Guangxi:

Longzhou, Huang D\Z, 3883; Ningining, Liang J.\\
100316; Nonggan, Chang H.T. 6825. Hainan: Ba-
wangling, Zheng P. 13419. Southern Yunnan; Xi-
shuang Banna, Li Y.H. 4262.

Ecology. In broad -leaved forest. Altitude:
300-800 m. Flowering March-April; fruiting Sep-
tember-October.

Uses. Wood straight-grained and fine-tex-
tured, suitable for furniture, construction work, and
plywood; crown elegant and flower scented, thus
the tree is grown for timber as well as an orna-
mental.

Note. There was no type specimen of Miche-
lia hedyosperma available for study. Based on
Law's description and figure, there is no doubt,
however, that Michelia hedyosperma is (nonspe-
cific with Michelia hypolampra.

This species differs strikingly from other species
in Michelia by rather small flowers with linear
outer tepals and few carpels.

3. Michelia section Dichlamys Dandy in Prag-
lowski, World Pollen Spore Fl. 3: 5. 1974.
TYPE SPECIES; Michelia balansae (A. DC.)
Dandy*

Stipules free from the petiole. Bracts 3-6. Te-
pals 6 (or occasionally 4), 2-rnerous, subsirnilar.
Fruits apocarpous.

Key to the Species of Michelia
Section Dichlamys

1 . Leaves glabrous. 2

1. Leaves hairy beneath at least when young, 3

2(1). Twigs pubescent, stipules pubescent, leaf base

broadly cuneate or attenuate-cmieate, apex
short-acuminate or acute, reticulation denselv
netted; scars of perianth and stamens along

torus under fruit 6-8 mm long.

30. Michelia martinii

2. Twigs tomentellous, stipules glabrous, puber-
ulcus, or tomentellous, leaf base cuneate or
rounded, apex acuminate, reticulation laxly
netted; scars of perianth and stamens along
torus under fruit 4-5 mm long.

_ „. 29. Michelia chapensis

3(1). Gynophore 3-4 mm long, treelet to 4 m high,
leaves 1.5-2*5 cm broad, apex rounded; outer

tepals spathulate, gynoecium ellipsoid.

„„.. 26. Michelia angustioblonga

3. Gynophore 5-10 ram long, tree to 15 18 m
high, leaves 2.8-16.5 cm broad, apex short-
acuminate, acuminate, or acute; outer tepals
obovate, oblong, or elliptic, gynoecium ovoid

or cylindric. 4

4(3) Pedicle present, twigs tomentellous, stipules
glabrous or tomentellous, apex acuminate or
acute, reticulation rather obscure, petiole not

dilated at base; gynoecium cylindric

29. Michelia leveilleana

4. Pedicle absent, twigs pubescent, stipules pu-
bescent, apex short-acuminate, reticulation
distinct, petiole dilated at base; gynoecium
ovoid. 27. Michelia balansae

26. Michelia angustioblonga Law, Bull. Bot.
Res. (China) 6(2): 97. 1986. TYPE: Z. rt. Xu
L 12 163 (holotype, IBSC; isotype, SYS). Fig-
ure 15.

Treelet to 4 m high; indument appressed, glis-
tening; buds densely brown villous; twigs nearly
black-brown. Stipules free from the petiole. Leaves
coriaceous, dark green, glabrous above, pale green,
brown villous beneath, narrowly oblong, 6.5-10 x
1.5-2.5 cm; apex obtuse, base cuneate to broadly
cuneate; midrib impressed above; nerves anasto-
mosing, obscure; reticulation densely netted, Pet-
iole 1-1.5 cm long. Brachyblasts sparsely brown
pilose. Flowers white, tepals 6> subsirnilar, narrowly
obovate to spathulate, the outer three 18-20 x
4-5 mm, the inner three 1 1 16 mm long: stamens
11-15 mm long, anthers 6-10 mm long, connec-

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FIGURE 15. Michelle angustioblonga Law, — L Flowering branch. — 2. Deflorated flower with gynoecium. Based
on SYS 164643 = Xu Zhao Ran L 12163. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

live appendage triangular, ca. 1 nun long, filaments
2-3 mm long; gynoeciurn narrowly ellipsoid, en-
tirely hidden by ihe androecium, 1 1 .5 cm long;
gynophore 3-4 mm long; carpels brown pubescent;
scars of perianth and stamens on torus ca, 3 x 3
rnni. Fruits not known.

Distribution. CHINA. Guizhou: Libo, Z* R. Xu
LI 263.

Ecology. In forest*

27, Michelia balansae (A. DC.) Dandy, Kew
Bull. 1927: 263. 1927. Magnolia halansae

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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1079

A. DC, Bull. Herb. Boissicr 4: 294. 1904.
Michelia baviensis Finet & Gagnep., Bull.
Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4: 44, t. 5B.
1905, TYPE: Balansa 3886 (holotype, P; iso-
type, L),

Michelia tonkinensis A. Chev. ex Gagnep. in Humbert,
Fl. Indo-Chine Suppl.: 44. 1938. TYPE: No specimen
has been preserved in Chevalier's herbarium.

Michelia balansae var. appressipubescens Law, Bull.
Bot, Res, (China) 5, 3: 124. 1985. type: S. P. Kuo
52279 (holotype, IBSC; isotypes, A, BM, K, NY)

Michelia balansae var. hrevipes B. L. Chen, Acta Sci.
Nat, Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 1: 112, 1988.
type: B. L Chen & C /V. Mai 87T034 (SYS).

Free to 18 in high and 60 cm diam.; bark
smooth, gray or gray-brown; indument with long,
straight to slightly undulate, spreading to ap-
pressed, dark brown or brownish to yellowish hairs;
young twigs 2-5 mm diam., densely pubescent,
subterete, dull brown; old ones glabrescent, sparse-
ly lenticellate. Stipules densely pubescent, free from
the petiole. Leaves thinly coriaceous, at first scat-
tered-pubescent, especially on the midrib, later gla-
brescent above, pubescent, glabrescent beneath,
elliptic to broadly elliptic or obovate-elliptie to nar-
rowly obovate-oblong, 8-21.5(-28) x 4,5-
10(-16.5) cm; apex short-acuminate to sometimes
acute, acumen 3-5 mm long, base cuneate to
obtuse; midrib impressed above, prominent below;
nerves visible on both sides, more prominent below
than above, in 1 2- 1 4(- 1 9) pairs; reticulation laxly
netted, prominent when dried. Petiole pubescent,
glabrescent, conspicuously dilatate toward the base,
1 .9-4.5 cm long, without scars, Brachyblast dense-
ly pubescent, 1.2-3.7 cm long, ea. 3 mm wide,
pedicle absent; bracts 3, densely pubescent outside.
Flower fragrant; tepals 6, subsimilar, the outer 3
± appressed-tomentellous outside, white or green-
ish white to yellow, narrowly obovate-oblong, 3.5-
3.7 x 1.3-1-5 cm, the inner tepals 3, spathulate,
narrower and smaller than the outer ones; stamens
7,5-15 mm long, connective appendage short-tri-
angular, ca. 0,5 mm long, filaments 0.5 2 mm
long; gynoccium ovoid, 1-1.4 cm long; gynophore
tawny tomentose, 5-7 mm long; carpels ovoid,
tomentose; styles glabrous; ovules ca. 6-11; scars
of perianth and stamens on the torus 3-4 mm long.
Fruiting brachyblast 1.2-7 X 0.3- LI cm, gla-
brescent. Fruit 4-12 cm long; ripe carpels ovoid
to ovoid -ellipsoid, dull dark brown, glabrescent,
usually densely small lenticellate, 2-6.5 x 1.3-
L8 cm, ligneous, apically with a stout beak of 3—
5 mm long; scars of perianth and stamens 5-10
x 5-14 mm. Seeds ellipsoid, ovoid, subcordate to
irregularly shaped, 1-3 in each carpel, 10-15 x
8-12 mm.

Distribution. China and Vietnam, In CHINA.
Southern Fujian: Guangdong, Kung Ping Shan, Tsang
ir.T. 26866; Yaichow, How EC. & /VX Chan 70147.
Guangxi: Fang Cheng distr., Tsang W.T. 26868; Jingxi,
Ko S.P. 55702; Shiwandashan, 7s o C.L. 23510; Yang-
shou, Qin H.F. 53; Nanning, Liang C.F. 34214. Hai-
nan: Boting, Lau S.K. 27946; Jianfong, Chang H*T.
6081; Lehui, How F.C. 73242; Lin Fa Shan, Lam Ko
Distr., Tsang WJ\ (LU 15822) 323; Lingshui, Tso C.L,
43749, Yunnan: Funing, Wang C.W, 89653; Malipo,
86545, Feng K.M. 13599; Ping pien hsien, Tsai ff.T.

61621.

Ecology. In evergreen broad -leaved forest, in
shaded and mixed forests, along stream side, on
moist sandy soil. Altitude: 350-1,000 m. Flow-
ering April- June; fruiting September.

fses. Heartwood brown-yellow, sapwood yel-
lowish brown; wood straight-grained, fine- and even-
textured, slightly heavy and durable, commonly
used for furniture, plywood, and constructions.

Collector's note. Trees dark gray covered with
purple hairs, flowers white, greenish white, yellow-
ish or red, fragrant.

Note. Michelia balansae is a distinct species.
Variations in the indument, size of the leaves, and
length of the brachyblasts are very noticeable. The
indument of Michelia balansae var. appressi-
puhescens is appressed -pubescent on the leaves
beneath and the petioles. However, a continuous
variation of the indument can be seen within the
species; for example, an indument with short and
long, straight and slightly undulate, appressed,
spreading hairs is found in the collections of /V. K.
Chun & C. L. Tso 43749; the indument is short,
straight, and appressed in S. P. Ko 52279 and /\
C. How 73480. The brachyblasts are rather short
in the collections of Michelia balansae var. brev-
ipes collected in southeastern Yunnan, but inter-
mediate forms are found throughout the area of
distribution.

28. Michelia chapensis Dandy, J. Hot. 07: 223.
1929. type: Petelot 3379 (holotype, UC; iso-
types, BM, NY). Figure 16.

Michelia constricta Dandy, J. Bot. 67: 223, 1929. TYPE:

Chevalier 30744 (holotype, P).
Michelia tsoi Dandv, J. Bot/68: 213. 1930. TYPE: Tso

21033 (NY). J
Michelia glaberrima Chang, Acta. Sci. Nat. Univ. Sun-
yatseni (Guangzhou) 1: 54. 1961. type: H. 71 Tsang

22753 (holotype, SYS; isotype, A).
Michelia microcarpa B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang, Acta

Sci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 3: 96. 1988.

type: B. L. Chen & C. N, Mai 87T011 (holotype,

SYS).
Michelia chartacea B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang, Acta Sci.

Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 3: 97. 1988.

TYPE: B. L. Chen & S. C Yang 87 F 186 (holotype,

SYS).

1080

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Fl(;iRK 16. Michelia chapcn&is Dandy.— 1. Fruiting branch. — 2. Upper side of leaf with venation. — 3, Flower
bud. Based on SYS 161739 = Chen Bao Liang 87 7 033. Drawing by Xie Qing Jian.

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Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1081

Mchelia brachyandra B. L. Chen & S + C. Yang, Acta
3ci. Nat. Univ. Sunyatseni (Guangzhou) 3: 98. 1988.
TYPE: B. L. (l\en k S. C. Yang 87F202 (holotype,
SYS).

Michelia nit id a B. L. Chen, Acta Sci. Nat. Univ. Sun-
yatseni (Guangzhou) 1 : 111. 1988. TYPE: B- L. Chen
& C. N. Mai 87W33 (holotype, SYS).

Tree to 15-30 rn high and 1 m diam.; bark
gray-brown, smooth; young twigs brown to dull
dark brown, 2-3 mm diam., smooth, glabrous or
at first densely appressed-tomentellous with short,
straight, brownish hairs, later glabrescent, with sub-
orbiculate, white lenticels; old ones gray to brown-
ish, fissured longitudinally; terminal buds narrowly
ovoid, ca. 1 cm long. Stipules glabrous to puber-
ulent or tomentellous outside, free from the petiole.
Leaves coriaceous or thinly coriaceous, glabrous,
pale brown when dry on both surfaces, obovate or
obovate-oblong. occasionally elliptic-oblong or el-
liptic, 5.5-16 x 2,6-6.5 cm; apex acuminate to
subacuminate, base cuneate to obtuse or rounded,
slightly unequal; midrib prominent below, im-
pressed above; nerves visible on both sides, in 9-

I 2 pairs, reticulation coarse. Petiole slender, lon-
gitudinally grooved above, glabrous or ± minutely
appresscd-pubescent, 1 .5-2.5 cm long, without
scars. Uracil y blasts tomentellous or puberulent, 3

I I mm long, 2-4 mm wide at top, pedicles 0-3
mm long; bracts 3-4, tomentellous or puberulent
outside. Tepals 6, yellow to pale yellowish, glabrous
or puberulent outside at the very base, subsimilar,
the outer 3 (narrowly) obovate-oblong, convex out-
side, 3-3.5 cm long, the inner tepals slightly nar-
rower; stamens 14-22 mm long, connective ap-
pendage triangular, 1-1.5 mm long, filaments
glabrous, ca. 4 mm long; gynoecium glabrous but
sometimes sparsely hairy, narrowly cylindric, en-
tirely hidden by the androecium or slightly ex-
ceeding it, 11-15 mm long; gynophore 5-7 mm
long, silver gray tomentellous with appressed hairs;
carpels many, with same indument as gynophore.
Fruiting brachyblasts 6-12 x 3-5 mm. Fruits
cylindric, 3-10 cm long; ripe carpels 1-14 or
more, oblong to ovoid, 6-15 x 8-10 mm, apically
short-beaked, sparsely beset with inconspicuous
lenticels; gynophore ± pubescent, 8-12 x 3-4
mm; scars of perianth and stamens on torus 4-5
mm long. Seeds obovoid to oblong-ovoid, ca* 10
x 6 mm.

Distribution. China and northern Vietnam. In CHI-
NA: Guangdong: Kook Kaing, Ko S.P. 50777; Kwai
Shan, Tsang W.T. 28559; Lok Chong, Tso C.L 21033;
Nanxiong Xian, Liu Y.Z. 1. Cuangxi: Damiaoshan, Chen
TC 707; Debao, Chang CC. 13670; Gongdeng, He
J.D. 5040; Guan Xian, Chen Z.Z. 52375; He Xian, Li
YK. 401573. Guizhou: Congjiang, Yuan J.M. 692;

Liping Xiang, Yuan J.M. 373. Hunan: Zixing Xian,
Liang P. H, 86163. Jiangxi: Chongyi, I\'ie M.X. 8831;
Jingan, Gongda 1547: Shangsa, Yang X.X. 831164.
Yunnan: Xichou, Wu CA. 62012; Marlipo, Feng K.M.
13973.

Ecology* In evergreen broad-leaved forests.
Altitude: 500-1,650 m. Flowering March- April;
fruiting August-October.

Uses. Wood is used lor general construction
and furniture, the tree is grown as an ornamental.

Note. Michelia chapensis is one of the wide-
spread species in China. It is distinguished by gla-
brous leaves, petioles without scars, 6 tepals, and
gynoecium generally hidden by the androecium.
The taxa reduced above are essentially the same
as Michelia chapensis. However, the gynoecium
in Michelia constricta, Michelia brachyandra,
and Michelia nitida is slightly exserted from in-
stead of hidden within the androecium. Michelia
brachyandra generally possesses a glabrous gy-
noecium, but sometimes it is hairy. Thus, usually
the 1 gynoecium of Michelia chapensis is glabrous.
The length of the gynoecium varies from hidden
to clearly exserted.

_ 29.

Michelia leveilleana Dandy, Kew Bull.

1927: 263. 1927. Michelia cavaleriei H.
Leveille, Feddes Repert. Spec* Nov. Regni.
Veg, 9: 459. 1911, nom. illeg. non Finet &
Gagnep. ( 1 906), TYPE: /. Cavalerie 3045 (ho-
lotype, E; isotypes, K, P). Figure 17.

Michelia longipetiolata C. Y, Wu ex Law & Y. F. Wu,
Acta Bot. Yunnanica 10, 3; 336, t. 2. 1988. type::
P. H. Yu 251 (holotype, PE).

Tree ca. 15 m by 30 cm diarn.; young twigs
slender, 2-3 mm diam., black-brown, appressed-
tomentellous with straight, dark brown to rufous
hairs, glabrescent, sparsely lenticellate; buds ovoid,
ca. 1 cm long, rufous tomentose. Stipules glabrous
to rufous tomentose, free from the petiole. Leaves
coriaceous, dark green, glabrous above, pale green,
at first rufous pubescent, later glabrescent beneath,
elliptic, broadly elliptic, ovate, obovate, to narrowly
obovate, 7.6-15 x 2.8-4.5 cm; apex acuminate
or acute, acumen 5-10 mm long, base cuneate,
broadly cuneate, obtuse, sometimes unequal; mid-
rib impressed above, prominent below, nerves fine,
somewhat obscure, more visible below than above,
in 915 pairs, reticulation rather faint. Petiole
minutely pubescent, glabrescent, 2.5-4,5 cm long,
without stipular scars. Brachyblasts stout, tomen-
tose with dark brown to rufous hairs, 5-10 x 4-
5 mm, pedicles 4-6 mm long; bracts 2-3, tomen-
tose with long, straight to undulate, dark brown

1082

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Missouri Botanical Garden

">An^\ ri'Jgrp

Fici'RE 17, Mickelia leveilleana Dandy. Branch with flower buds and fruit. Based on W. C. Chen & C T. Hwa
889 (K). Drawing by Joop Wessendorp, Rijksher barium, Leiden,

hairs outside. Tepals 6, sometimes 4 or 7 t white*
glabrous, the outer 2-3 oblong to narrowly elliptic -
oblong, 30-35 X 7-15 mm* the inner tepals el-
liptic to spathulate; stamens many, 12-15 mm
long, connective appendage narrowly triangular,
ca. 0.5 mm long, filaments 2-3 mm long, glabrous;
gynoecium cylindrie, 1-2 cm long, bidden by the
androecium m bud but slightly longer than the
androecium when flowers open; carpels many, taw-
ny tomentellous; styles glabrous, ca, 1 mm long;
gynophore tomentellous, 5-10 mm long; ovules
more than 12 in each carpel; scars of perianth and

stamens on torus 2-5 mm long. Fruiting brachy-
blasts 3 cm long. Fruits 7-9 cm long; gynophore
1--1.5 cm long, abortive carpels ca. 20; ripe carpels
7-10, ovoid, 12x9 mm, dark brown, lenticellate;
scars of perianth and stamens 5 8 mm along the
torus.

Distribution. CHINA, Guizhou: Bijie Xian, Ytt P.il.
251: Leigongshan, Li Y.K. 8870. Hubei -Sichuan,
Melaseqoia area: Hwa C.T, 357. Hunan: Dao Xian.
Yunnan: Xiliang, Dian Dongbei Exped. 754; Zhenx-
iong, Yu P.H I (Ml

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 1*000 m.

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1083

Note. After its publication by Dandy (1927),
this species was never mentioned again in the lit-
erature. Type specimens of Michelia leveilteana
bear flower buds and open flowers and possess
obovate leaves. The type of Michelia longipetiola-
ta only has fruits, and the leaves are broadly elliptic
with relatively long petioles. Fortunately, we were
able to study some collections (C 71 Una 357 ',
W. C Cheng & C T. Hita 889, 938), which were
identified as Michelia wilsonii by S. Y. Hu, gath-
ered from Hubei to Sichuan. These collections
closely resemble the type of Michelia Icveilleana
and show the variations in shape and size of the
leaves as well as length of the petioles, not only in
different collections but within single specimens,
e.g., W, C. Cheng & C. T. Hwa 889. Therefore,
it is clear that these variations are continuous
throughout the area of distribution. We conclude
that all of these collections belong to a single spe-

30. Michelia martinii (II. Lev.) Finet & Gag-
nep. ex H. Lev., FL Kouy Tcheou: 270. 1914.
Magnolia martini H. Lev., Bull. Soc, Agric.
Sarthe 59: 321. 1904. TYPK: /,. Martin & E.
Bodinier 2066 (holotype, E; isotope, P),

Michelia bodinier i Finet & Gagnep., Bull. Soc. Bot.

France 53: 1906. TYPE: Farges 1324 (holotype, P).
Michelia lo agist aminata Law, Bull. Bot. Res. (China)

5(3): 122. 1985. type: S. /\ Kuo 80358 (holotype,

IBSC; isotype, BM).

Tree to 20 m high and ca. 50 cm diam.; bark
gray, smooth; young twigs 2-4 mm diarn., yellow -
green to dull dark brown, smooth, glabrous to oc-
casionally appressed-pubescent; old ones rough,
sparsely lenticellate; buds ovoid or elliptic-ovoid,
densely pubescent* Stipules densely pubescent with
long, straight to slightly undulate, spreading,
brownish or rarely gray hairs, free from the petiole.
Leaves thinly coriaceous to coriaceous, dark green,
glossy above, glabrous on both sides, elliptic -oblong,
oblong, broadly to narrowly elliptic or narrowly
obovate, 6.7-18 x 2-5.5 cm; apex short-acu-
minate to acute, base attenuate to cuneate or broadly
cuneatc; midrib impressed above, nerves fine, vis-
ible on both sides, more prominent below than
above, in 7-17 pairs; reticulation laxly netted,
conspicuous below. Petiole glabrous, 1.5-2 cm long,
without scars. Brachyblast short and stout, 7-15
x 3-9 mm, densely pubescent with same indument
as stipules, pedicle very short; bracts 3-6, densely
pubescent outside. Flower bud ovoid to long-ovoid,
3-4.5 cm long; tepals 6(-8), white to yellow, gla-
brous or tomentose outside toward the base, sub-

similar to unequal, the outer 3 broadly obovate,
obovate-oblong, narrowly obovate to spathulate, 5-
7 x 1.7-5 cm, the inner 3-4 smaller than the
outer ones, broadly elliptic to narrowly oblong,
short-clawed, 3-6 x 0.8-2.8 cm; stamens 8-25
mm long, connective appendage long-triangular,
0.5-2 mm long, filaments 3 7 mm long; gynoe-
cium narrowly cylindric, glabrous, 8-18 mm long;
gynophore glabrous, 6-12 mm long; carpels many,
glabrous; ovules 10 or more in each carpel; scars
of perianth and stamens on torus 2-5 x 5 mm.
Fruiting brachyblast 13-14 x 4-9 mm, giabres-
cent. Fruit 6.5- 1 cm long; ripe carpels dull brown,
subglobose to ellipsoid, 1-16 x 4-11 mm. Scars
of perianth and stamens 6-8 mm; gynophore under
fruit ca. 15 mm long.

Distribution. China and Vietnam. In CHINA:
Guangdong: Yuyuen, Ko S.P. 52762; Zhanjiang, Nan-
zhidi 3719. Guangxi: Huanjang, Liang C.X 77- 15.
Guizhou: Siuwen, Tsiang Y. 867 1; Bijie, Li }~h. i 1 2 Hi;
Daping Xian f Qian Rei Exped. 2250. Henan. Southern
Hubei. Hubei -Szech wan, Metaseqoia area: Hwa CT.
44L Sichuan: Tchen Keou Tin, Farges RJ\ 1394;
Ml Omei, Chow H.C. 8255. Yunnan: Guangnan, If ang
CfP: 87594; Mar li po, Feng KM 13274; Mengtze,
Henry A 11441.

Ecology. In forests. Altitude: 1,000-2,000
m. Flowering February- March; fruiting August-
September.

I ses. The flowers are extracted for volatile
oiL

Collector's notes. Big tree, in mixed forests,
on open hillside or near temples. Flowers fragrant.

Note. The type specimens of Michelia bodi-
nierl and Michelia Ion gist aminata strikingly re-
semble those of Michelia martinii. This species
varies continuously throughout its range in texture
of the leaves, width and length of brachyblasts,
and length of stamens. The collections from Viet-
nam possess rigid coriaceous leaves, stout brachy-
blasts, and rather long stamens; the collections
from Guangdong named Michelia longistaminata
possess some extreme characters, such as thin
leaves, thin brachyblasts, and rather long stamens.
Because of the continuous variation, Michelia lon-
gistaminata is reduced here to Michelia martinii.

31 . Michelia xanthantha C. Y, Wu ex Law &
Y. F, Wu,

See under dubious species.

4. Michelia section Micheliopsis (Bailh) Dan-
dy in Praglowski, World Pollen Spore FL 3:
5. 1974. Magnolia sect. Micheliopsis BailL,
Adansonia 7: 4, 66, 1866. Liriopsis Spach,

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Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

Nat. Veg. 7: 460. 1830, non Liriopsis Rei-
chenb. (1828), type: species: Michelia figo

(Lour.) Sprengel.

Stipules adnate to the petiole, the latter short,

not exceeding 10 mm. Bracts 3 (or occasionally 2
or 4). Tepals 6 or more, 3-4-merous, subsimilar.
Usually shruhs or small trees. Fruits apocarpous.

32. Mir he I in figo (Lour.) Sprengel, Syst. Veg.
2: 643, 1825. Liriodrndron Jigo Lour., Fl.
Cochinch.: 347, 1790. Magnolia Jigo (Lour.)
DC, Syst, Nat. 1: 460. 1817. TYPE: Lourriro
sm, not seen.

Magnolia fuscata Andr., Bot. Repos. 4: t, 229. 1802.
Michelia fasciata Vent., Janl. Malrnaison: t. 24 f
1803, norn illeg. Magnolia versicolor Salisb., Far-
ad. Lond. 1(1): t. 5. 1806, nom. illeg. Magnolia
meleagrioides Hort. ex DC M Syst. Nat. 1: 458.
1817, nom. illeg. Michelia fuscata (Andr.) Bluine
ex Wall., Cat.: no. 6495. 1832. Liriopsis fuscata
(Andr.)Spach. Hist. Nat. Veg. 7: 461. 1839. type:
Andrews (1802, t. 229).

Magnolia annonae folia Salisb., Parad. Lond. 1(1): I. 5.
1806. Magnolia fuscata var. annonaefolia (Salisb.)
DC, Syst. Nat. 1: 458. 1817. TYPE: Salisbury (1806,
t. 5).

Magnolia fuscata var. hebeclada DC, Syst. Nat. 1: 458.
1817. TYPE: Mauritius, Vhouars s.n. not seen.

Michelia parviflora Deless,, Icon. Sel. PI. 1: 22, t. 85.
1821, norn. illeg,, non Michelia parviflora DC
(1817). Magnolia parvifolia DC, Syst. Nat. 1:
459. 1817. Magnolia parviflora Blume, Bijdr.: 9.
1825. Magnolia fuscata var. parviflora (Bluine)
Steud., Nomencl. Bot. ed. 2, 2: 89. 184L Sam-
pacca parviflora (Deless.) Kuntze, Revis. Gen. PI,
1: 6 (as S. parvifolia). 1891. Michelia parvifolia
(DC) ILD. Jacks., Index Kewensis 2: 223. 1894.
TYPE; Herb. Delessert (holotype, G-DEL not seen).

Michelia skinneriana Dunn, J. Linn. Soc. Bot. 38: 354.
1908. TYPE; Hongkong herb, 2448 (bolotype, HK;
isotype, A).

Michelia amoena Q. F, Zheng & M. M. Lin, Bull. Bot.
Res. (China) 1: 63, t, 1987. TYPE: China. Fujian:
Chang-Ting, 700 m, (). F. Zheng & Lin 84504 (in
herb. Fujian Forestry College).

Michelia brevipes Y. K. Li & Wang, Acta Phytotax.
Sin. 25, 5: 408, t. 1. 1987. type: China. Giuzhou;
Longtoudashan, Anlong, C Z. Dang 913 (HGAS
not seen).

32a. Michelia figo var. figo.

Shrub to small tree to 15 m high and 30 cm
diam.; bark gray; young twigs slender, 1-2 mm
diain., brown gray, purple-brown, pubescent with
short, straight hairs, glabrescent, the indument at
first brown, later dark brown to gray; old twigs
white-gray to purple-brown, irregularly longitudi-
nally fissured. Stipules densely pubescent or to-
mentose, adnate to the petiole, scars to half of its

length, 2-3 mm long. Leaves chartaceous to thinly
coriaceous, dark green, glossy, glabrous or rather
sparsely scattered-pubescent above, light green,
appresscd-pubescent with short to long, straight to
slightly undulate, brown to dark brown hairs, gla-
brescent beneath, obovate-elliptic to narrowly ob-
ovate-elliptic or elliptic to broadly elliptic 1 , occa-
sionally subrhombic, 2 -12(-17) x 1.5-4.5 cm;
apex subcaudate, acuminate, acumen 5-20 mm
long, sometimes acute, base cuneate to obtuse;
midrib slightly impressed toward the base, densely
pubescent, glabrescent above, prominent, densely
long-pubescent, glabrescent beneath, nerves ob-
scure on both sides, in 7-12 pairs, reticulation lax,
hardly visible on both sides. Petiole densely spread-
ing- pubescent, 3-5 mm long, scarred. Brachy blast
densely spreading-pubescent, variable in length and
width, 4-20(-27) x 2- 4 nun, pedicle absent; bracts
ca. 3, densely pubescent or tomentose outside.
Flower bud ovoid to ellipsoid, 1.5-2 cm long; flower
sweet-scented, white or yellow, often tinged with
purple, sometimes purplish; tepals 6, subsitnilar,
fleshy, glabrous, oblong-obovate, obuvate to spath-
ulale, 1.5-2.5 x 0.6-1.2 cm; stamens 7- 1 I mm
long, connective appendage triangular, 0.5 1 mm
long, filaments glabrous, 1.5-3 mm long; gynoe-
cium subcylindric, exceeding above the androeci-
um, 2- 1 I mm long; gynophore pubescent with
spreading, yellow to brown hairs, occasionally gla-
brous, 1-3 mm long; carpels many, glabrous or
tomentellous; scars of perianth and stamens on
torus 1-3 nun long. Fruiting brachyblast 7-20(-27)
x 2-4 mm. Fruit 1-5 cm long; ripe carpels 1-
15, subovoid to subglobosc, black-brown to brown,
± pubescent, with a ca. 1-mm-long beak at apex,
7-12 x 7-9 mm; gynophore 2-1 1 nun long; scars
of perianth and stamens 2 5 mm long.

Distribution. Southeastern CHINA. Anhui: Fujian,
Amoy, Nanputo, Chung ILIL 5921; Buon Karig, Chung
//,//. 3374; Foochow, Tang VG\ 716 7; Hok ('hang,
TangS.G. 16106\ Kiuliang, Chung H+H. 6815, Guang-
dong, Guangzhou, on hills: Chow K.S, 145; Kau
Fung, Lob Chang Distn, Tsang W.T. 20992; Lofousban,
Chun /VX 40574; Ngok Shing Shan, Taarn Y.W. 542;
Pan Ling Tsze, Chun W.Y. 5856. Guangxi: Tung Hoo,
Ching R,C. 5613; B&fehou, Li ZJ. 653; Lingui, Huang
S.L. 2000014; Longsheng, Qin H.R 70033; Xingan,
Chen Z.Z, 51516, Jiangxi: Dagangshan, Veto Kan 9283;
Kouyang, Tsiang K 10012; Sai Hang Cheung, Lau S,K.
4047; Yi Feng, Hsiung Y.K. 6307. Zhejiangi Nan Hoo,
Hu H.H. 190; Ping Yung, Ching R.C 1986. Widely
cultivated in most of China and other warm parts of the
world.

Ecology. In forests. Altitude: 00 1,000 m.
Flowering March-May; fruiting July-August.

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1085

Collector's note. Flowers sweet-scented, odor
detected at a distance.

Uses, Flowers used for perfuming tea; leaves
for volatile oil and medicinal purposes; shrub grown
as an ornamental.

Note. No original Loureiro specimen has been
traced. However, there is no doubt that this is the
plant described by Loureiro as Michelia figo.

The species varies greatly in the following char-
acters: size and shape of the leaves, length and
width of the brachyblast, size and color of the
flowers, and the indument of the carpels. For ex-
ample, the carpels usually are glabrous, but a con-
tinuous variation of the indument of the carpels
can be observed throughout its distribution.

None of the type specimens or other collections
of Michelia amoeaa and Michelia hrevipes were
available for study. We consider both as synonv-
mous with Michelia figo, according lo their de-
scription and the published figures.

Sometimes abnormalities are found, such as leaf-
like bracts, more-flowered brachyblasts, terminal
uriibracteate flowers, and carpellody of the inner
stamens*

32b, Michelia figo var, crassipes (Law) B. L.
Chen & Nooteboom, stat. nov. Michelia eras-
sipes Law, BulL Bot. Res. (China) 5(3): 121,
t, 1. 1985. TYPE: China. Guangdong: Leehang,
1,000 m, S. H. Chun 3115 (holotype, IBSC
not seen).

Shrub or small tree, 2-5 m high; bark gray-
brow^; buds, young twigs, stipules outside, petiole
and brachyblasts densely pubescent with long, taw-
ny or rufous hairs. Young twigs 2-3 mm diarm
Stipules adnate to very high on the petioles, scars
to whole length of the petioles. Leaves thinly co-
riaceous, dark green, glossy, glabrous above, pale
green, at first brown to rufous tomentose every-
where, especially long-hairy on the veins, later
glabrescent beneath, obovate or narrowly obovate,
rarely narrowly elliptic, 7-13 X 2,5-4 cm; apex
short- or long-acuminate, base cuneate to broadly
cuneate; nerves fine, in 6-9 pairs. Petiole 2-4 mm
long. Brachyblasts stout and short, 3-4 mm long,
flowers heavily scented, purple-red to dark purple;
tepals 6, subsimilar, long-elliptic, 18-20 x 6-8
mm; stamens ca. 1 cm long; gynoecium shorl-
cylindric, densely pubescent, shorter than the an-
droecium, ca, 8 mm long; gynophore ca. 2 mm
long; carpels ovoid, densely tomentellous, 3.5-5
mm long; styles ca, 2 mm long. Fruits 2.5-5 cm
long; ripe carpels compressed ovoid to subglobose,

glabrescent, papuliferous; fruiting brachyblasts stout
and short, 10-20 x 3-5 mm,

Distribution. CHINA. Northern Guangdong:
Chen B.L. 81007, Zheng P. 10406. Northeastern
Cuangxi: Ruyuan, Chen B.L, 81006; Jinxiu Xian, Pen
Z,H. 51279. Also in southern Hunan,

Ecology. In forests. Altitude: 300-700 m.
Flowering April-May; fruiting August-September.

Note, Michelia crassipes is treated as a va-
riety of Michelia figo because there are few veg-
etative characters to separate the two. However,
the tepals are purple, the brachyblast is stout, and
the gynoecium is shorter than the aridroecium in
Michelia crassipes, Michelia figo has white to
yellow flowers with purple, short to long, slender
brachyblasts, and the gynoecium exceeding the
androeciurm We observed that the flowers are vari-
able when Michelia crassipes is cultivated in
Guangzhou, e.g., brachyblasts become slender, the
tepals are rose to pale rose instead of purple, the
gynoecium is longer than the androecium. In cul-
tivation the flowers of Michelia crassipes become
more or less like those of Michelia figo. Therefore,
we consider Michelia crassipes to be a wild strain
of Michelia figo.

33, Michelia yunnanensis Franchet ex Finet
& Gagnep. > Bulb Soc. Bot. France (Memoires)
4: 43, t. 6A. 1905. TYPE: Delavay 1848
(holotype, P; isotypes, E, K),

Michelia yunnanensis Franchet ex Finet & Gagnep. var.
angustifolia Finet & Gagnep., Bull, Soc* France
(Memoires) 4: 44, t. 6B. 1905. type: Bodinier &
Ducloax 168 (holotype, P; isotypes, BM, K),

Michelia dandyi Hu, BulL Fan, Mem. Inst. Biol. (Peiping)
8: 34, 1937, type: H. T. Tsui 53380 (holotype,
PE; isotype. A).

Shrub to small tree, 6-12 m high; buds, young
twigs, stipules outside, young leaves beneath, pet-
iole, brachyblast, bracts outside, gynophore and
carpels appressed- to spreading-tomentose or pu-
bescent with short to long, straight to slightly un-
dulate, brown, rufous, black-brown to gray hairs;
young twigs 1 .5-2 mm diam., olive-green, gray-
brown to purple-brown. Stipules adnate to nearly
the whole length of the petiole, stipular sears 3-7
mm long. Leaves membranous to coriaceous, bright
green, ± brown pubescent, glabrescent above,
greenish, at first densely or sparsely pubescent,
finally glabrescent beneath, obovate or narrowly
obovate to elliptic, 2-10 X 1-4 cm; apex obtuse
or rounded, or acute to short-acuminate, occa-
sionally retuse, base cuneate to obtuse; midrib
slightly impressed, densely pubescent, especially

1086

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

toward the base above, prominent, densely or
sparsely pubescent, glabrescent beneath, nerves
obscure or visible on both sides, in 7-9 pairs,
reticulation faint on both sides when dry* Petiole
stout, S 10 mm long. Brachyblast 4-9(-14) X 2-
2.5 mm, pedicle absent; bracts 3. Flower bud ovoid
to narrowly ovoid, 2-3 cm long; flower heavily
scented; tepals 6-12(-17), white, yellowish white
to greenish white, subsimilar, the outer 3-4 ob-
ovate, broadly obovate to obovate-elliptic, abruptly
constricted near the base, becoming rather short-
clawed, glabrous to tomentellous outside at the
base, 2.2-3,5 x (0.8-)l .4-1.8 cm, the inner 3-
8 obovate, oblong to suhspathulate, 2-2,2 x 0.9-
1.2 cm; stamens 5-10 mm long, connective ap-
pendage very short-triangular or semiorbicular,
0.5-1 mm long, filaments 2 3 mm long; gynoe-
cium subovoid to oblong, longer than the androe-
cium, 3-5 mm long; gynophore 5-8 mm long;
carpels ca. 15 or fewer; ovules 3-8; scars of peri-
anth and stamens on torus 0,5-3 mm long. Fruiting
brachyblast 4-9 x 2-3 mm. Fruit 1-4,5 cm long;
ripe carpels 1-8, subglobose, dull brown, ± pu-
bescent, lenticellate. sessile, apically with a 1-1.5
mm long beak, 7-14 X 7-12 mm; gynophore 7-
10 mm long; scars of perianth and stamens 2-5
mm long. Seeds 1-2 in each carpel, ellipsoid to
ovoid, 6-8 x 5-7 mm.

Distribution, CHINA. Guizhou: Anlong Xian, Dang
C.Z. 886. Sichuan: between Yimen and Pai kuo wan,
Schneider C. 607. Yunnan: Likiang snow range, Rock
J.K 1066L Hang C.W\ 70468\ Juanchiang, Henry A
1327 7 \ Kunming, Sino-Amer, Boi. Exped. 1413\ Mar
li po, Feng KM. 12636; Mengfze, Henry A 9429,

Ecology. In forest or thickets. Attitude:
1,100-2,300 m. Flo we ring March April; fruiting
August-September.

Uses. Flowers and leaves are used as spices;
the tree is grown as an ornamental.

Note. Michelia yunnanensis varies in shape
and size of the leaves. Although variety angusti-
folia has relatively narrow and small leaves, in-
termediate forms can he found throughout the
range. Michelia dandyi is similar to Michelia yun-
nanensis.

5. Michelia section Tsoongiodendron Noo-
teboom & B. L. Chen. Tsoongiodendron W.
Y, Chun, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8: 7, 1963.
TYPE SPECIES: Tsoongiodendron odorum Chun
= Michelia odor a (Chun) Nootehoom & B.
L. Chen.

Stipules adnata to the petiole, Tepals 9, subsimi-
lar, Fruits syncarpous, very large; follicles crowd-

ed, sessile, woody, large, without a beak, rounded
on the back.

34. Michelia odora (Chun) Nooteboom & B. L,
Chen, comb, no v. Tsoongiodendron odorum
Chun, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 8, 4: 281, 9 tt,
35, 36. 1963. type; S. P. Ko 51928 (holo-
type, IBSC; isotype, BM not seen).

Tree to 25 m high and 1 m diam.; bark grayish
brown, deeply wrinkled; buds, stipules outside,
young twigs, leaves beneath (especially on the mid-
rib and nerves), petiole, brachyblast, bracts outside,
gynophore and carpels densely covered with an
indument of short to long, straight to undulate,
spreading, yellowish to brown or clear hairs; young
twigs 2-3 nun diam*, dull black-brown; old ones
gray-brown, longitudinally wrinkled, irregularly
transverse-fissured, lenticellate. Stipules adnate to
the petiole from the lower base to its middle or
higher, stipular scars 6-18 mm long. Leaves thinly
coriaceous, green, glossy, glabrous but densely pu-
bescent on the midrib above, greenish beneath,
elliptic or narrowly to broadly obovate-elliptic, 8
20 x 3.5-7 cm; apex short-acuminate, occasion-
ally acute, base cuneate to rounded; midrib slightly
impressed above, conspicuously elevated below,
nerves in ca. 12 pairs, hardly visible above, retic-
ulation laxly netted, prominent beneath. Petiole
0.9-3 cm long. Brachyblast 7-10 x 2-3 mm,
pedicle absent, bracts 2-3* Flower white to yel-
lowish, very fragrant; tepals 9, subsimilar, narrowly
obovate-elliptic, the outer three, 17-20 X 6.5-
7.5 mm, the innermost tepals three, ca. 15-16 x
5 mm; stamens 40-45, 7,5-8.5 mm long, con-
nective appendage very short, ca. 0.5 mm long,
filaments 1,5-3 mm long; gynoecium subovoid, 3-
4 mm long, shorter than androecium; gynophore
stout, 2-2.5 x 1-2 mm; carpels 10-12, narrowly
ovoid; styles glabrous, ca. 2 mm long. Fruiting
brachyblast 1-2 x 1-1.3 cm. Fruit syncarpous,
long-elliptic, sometimes subglobose because of the
abortion of the upper carpels, 1316 x 7-9 cm;
ripe carpels crowded, sessile, woody, large, without
a beak, 46 cm long; the exocarp thin and fleshy,
olive-green, white lenticellate, dark brown and yel-
low-dotted when dry, mesocarp woody, 1-2 cm
thick, endocarp thin, greenish yellow. Seeds 4-6
in each carpel, ellipsoid to irregularly shaped, ca*
15x8 mm.

Distribution* China and northern Vietnam. In CHI-
NA. Fujian: Jing Xian, Ye CD. 1690. Guangxi: Long-
jin, 7am P.C. 57604. Guangdong: Locke hong distr.,
Ko S.P. 5 1 109. Hainan; Chun N,K, & C.L, Tso 44257.
Also in southern Jiangxi and southeastern Yunnan.

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1087

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 500-1,000 m.
Flowering March-April; fruiting September-Oc-
tober.

Uses. Wood white, straight-grained, fine-tex-
tured, light and hard; used for furniture, building,
plywood, musical instruments, and work not in
contact with the soil; tree grown as an ornamental.

Collector's note. Flower light red*

Note. This species is characterized by very
small flowers and huge syncarpous fruits. Its leaves
are easily confused with those of Michelia baL
ansae, which has, however, free stipules.

Dandy (ex Gagnepain, 1938) already mentioned
the species as a nomen nudum, Michelia grains.

6. Michelia section Paramichelia Nooteboom
& B. L. Chen, stat. et sect. nov. Paramichelia
H. H, Hu, Sunyatsenia 4: 142, 1940. TYPE:
Paramichelia baillonii (Pierre) Hu = Miche-
lia baillonii (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep.

Stipules adnate to the whole length or almost
the whole length of the petiole. Bracts 3. Tepals
12, 4-merous, subsimilar. Fruits syncarpous.

35. Michelia baillonii (Pierre) Finet & Gag-
nep,, Bull. Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4: 46.
1905. Magnolia baillonii Pierre, Fl. Forest,
Cochinch. 1: t- 2. 1880. Paramichelia bail-
lonii (Pierre) Hu, Sunyatsenia 4: 144. 1940.
TYPE: Pierre 750 (holotype, A; isotype, K).

Talauma spongocarpa King, Magnol. Brit. India 3: 205,
t, 47 bis. 1891. Aromadendron spongocarpum
(King) Craib, FL Siam 1: 25. 1925. TYPE: Calcutta
Botanic Garden collector (Badai Khan) 102 (ho-
lotype, CAL; isotype, L).

Talauma pkellocarpa King, Magnol. Brit. India 3: 205,
t. 47 ter. 1891. Michelia phellocarpa (King) Finet
& Gagnep.* BulL Soc. Bot. France (Memoires) 4:
44. 1905 TYPE: Peal s.n. (holotype, CAL; isotypes,

BM, L, US),

Huge tree to 50 m high and 1 rn diarm; young
twigs slender, 2-3 mm diarm, dull brown, densely
pubescent with long, straight to slightly undulate,
± spreading, yellowish to brownish hairs; old ones
black-brown, sparsely white lentieellate. Stipules
densely pubescent with same hairs as the young
twigs, adnate to the petiole nearly to half its length,
scars 6-10 mm long* Leaves chartacoous, above
dark green, appressed-pubescent with slender,
straight, clear to yellowish hairs, brown pubescent
on the midrib when young, glabrescent when old,
below pale green, pubescent with short and long
to rather long, straight to undulate, yellowish to
brownish hairs at first, finally glabrescent, narrowly

obovate, obovate, obovate-elliptic to narrowly el-
liptic, usually somewhat unequal, 6-16.5(-23.5)
x 3-8,5 cm; apex short-acuminate to acute; base
cuneate or broadly cuneate, sometimes rounded;
midrib impressed above; nerves fine, obscure above,
visible beneath, in 9-15 pairs; reticulation rather
densely netted, faint on both sides when dry. Petiole
densely pubescent, glabrescent, 1.5-3.5 cm long.
Brachyblast slender to stout, 8-14 x 2-3 mm,
yellowish tomentose, pedicle absent; bracts 3,
densely yellowish or brown tomentose outside.
Flower bud ovoid -cylindric, 2,7-3 mm long; flower
heavily scented; tepals 12-18(-20), white or yel-
low-white, subsimilar, spathulate to obovate-linear,
glabrous to pubescent outside toward the base, apex
acuminate to acute, base attenuate to the base,
usually becoming long-clawed, 23-35 x 2.5-7
mm; stamens 7-9 mm long, connective appendage
narrowly triangular, 1-2 mm long, filaments gla-
brous, 1.-2 mm long; gynoecium ovoid-cylindric,
6-9 mm long, longer than the androecium; gyno-
phore yellow pubescent, 3-4 mm long; carpels
densely yellow pubescent; styles red, glabrous; scars
of perianth and stamens on torus 5-7 x 7-11
mm. Fruiting brachyblast dull black-brown, ± pu-
bescent, 1-2 x 0.6 cm. Fruit syncarpous, ovoid,
ovoid-ellipsoid, to irregularly shaped, dull gray-
black, densely lentieellate outside, 3-9 x 2.5-4.5
cm; ripe carpels connate, falling off when maturing
in irregular masses, midrib lignified and persistent
in the form of an upcurved laterally compressed
hook; gynophore 7-13 x 5-9 mm; scars of peri-
anth and stamens 5-7 x 7-11 mm. Seeds subo-
void, cordate to irregularly shaped, 7-10 X 6-7
mm.

Distribution. Assam, China, Thailand, Burma, Viet-
nam, and Cambodia. In CHINA. Southern Yunnan:
Chenkang, Maliling, Yu TS. 17395; Che-li Hsien, W f ang
CW. 78590; Fo-Hai, 74653; Lincang, Xirt /.& 383;
Menglian Xian, Menglian Exped. 10145; Xishuang Ban-
na, Siao-Rossica Exped. 5627.

Ecology. In forest. Altitude: 300-1,600 m.
Flowering February-March; fruiting August Sep-
tember.

Uses, Wood straight-grained, fine-textured,
and durable; used for building, bridges, furniture,
interior finish, and plywood.

Collector's note. Trees in mixed forests or
thickets, fruits green-black, seeds with red ariL

Note. This species has not only a wide distri-
bution, but also a considerable variation in shape
and size of the leaves.

Hu (1938) named this species Aromadendron
yunnanensi$+ norm nudum.

1088

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Missouri Botanical Garden

Dubious Species

Michelia ehongjiangensis Y. K. Li & X. M.
Wang, Cuizhou Sin. 3: 18, 1983. TYPK: China.
Guizhou: Taiyangsun, Chongjiang, K300 ni T
K A'. Li 9294 (HGAS not seen) = Michelia
Pleveilleana Dandy.

Michelia caloptila Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot.
Res, (China) 4(2): 152, t, s.n. 1984. TYPK:
China. Jiangxi: Zixi, Jiangxi gong-da linxue-
xi 80069 (IBSC not seen).

Michelia elegans Law & Y. F. Wu, BulL Bot.
Res, (China) 8(3): 71, t. 1. 1988. type: China.
Guangzhou: South China Botanic Garden, 27
Apr. 1986, K W. Law 6109 (IBSC not seen)
= Michelia ?cavalerieri Finet & Cagnep.

Michelia laevifolia Law & Y. F. Wu, Bull. Bot.
Res, (China) 8(3): 72, t. 2, 1988. TYPE: China,
Guizhou: Anlong, 1,500 in, 22 June 1960,
T. A\ Chang ! 852 {IttSC not seen) = Michelia
?yunnanensis Fran< diet ex Finet & Gagnep,

Michelia sphaerantha Z. S. Yue, Acta Bot.
Yunnaniea 9(4): 413, t, 1, 1987. SYNTYPKS:
Z. S. Yue 83-111, 86-107 (KUN not seen).

Note. Yue meant to describe Michelia
sphaerantha C.Y. Wu (in manuscript), later again
published by Wu in Acta Bot. Yunnanensis 10:
335. 1988, nom. illeg., with another type. The
latter is Michelia masticata. According to the
drawing published by Yue and a leaf fragment we
received from him, it appears that Michelia
sphaerantha Z. S. Yue is a different species: it
has its stipules adnate to the petiole. Study of the
type is necessary to conclude its status.

11. Michelia fujianensis Q, F, Zheng, BulL
Bot. Res. (China) 1(3): 92, t. 1981. TYPE:
China. Fujian: Sanming Shi, A. R. II u 79100
(in herb, Fujian Forestry College not seen).

Tree to 15 m, ca, 40 cm diarn.; bark gray-
brown to dark brown, smooth or slightly rough;
buds, young twigs, petioles, and brachyblasts densely
pubescent with gray or brown hairs. Stipules free
from the petiole. Leaves thinly coriaceous, pubes-
cent, glabrescent, especially on the midrib above,
densely brown appressed-pubescent beneath, ob-
long to narrowly ovate-elliptic, 6-11 X 2.5-4 cm;
apex acuminate to acute, base cuneate to obtuse;
midrib prominent below, nerves prominent on both
sides, in 8-9 pairs. Petiole 1-1.5 cm long. Brachy-
blast ca, 5 mm (15 mm?) long; bracts densely
brown pubescent. Flower bud ellipsoid-ovoid, ca.
1,5 x 0.8-1 cm; tepals ca. 15 mm long, anthers
ca. 5 mm long; gynoecium ovoid; gynophore dense-

ly pubescent with long hairs, ca- 2 mm long; carpels
ca. 20 or more, gray pubescent. Fruiting brachy-
blast 5 mm long. Fruit ca. 3 cm long; ripe carpels
1-4, ovoid to subglobose, 1-1.5 cm long, short-
stipitate.

Distribution. CHINA. Fujian.

Ecology, In forest. Altitude: below 500 m.
Flowering February-April; fruiting August-Octo-
ber.

Note. The original description only mentioned
"fruiting brachyblast 5 nun long." Later, Lin (1985)
described "brachyblast stout* ca. 15 mm long"
and "fruiting brachyblast 5 mm long." Obviously
the length of the brachyblast was misrepresented
by him.

We had no opportunity to study collections of
Michelia fujianensis, but it seems closely allied
with and might be conspeeific to Michelia caval-
eriei, especially in number of tepals and length of
fruit, which are variable in that species.

8. Michelia 11a vi flora Law & Y, F, Wu* Acta

Bot. Yunnaniea 10(3): 340, t. 6. 1988. TYPE:
//. Wang 100120 (IBSC not seen).

Tree to ca. 15 m high; buds, young twigs, stip-
ules, petiole, and brachyblasts yellowish tomentose;
young twigs brown tomentellous; old ones white
lenticellate. Stipules free from the petiole. Leaves
thinly coriaceous, dark green* glabrous above, glau-
cous, brown sericeous beneath, narrowly elliptic or
obovate-elliptic, 15-24 x 3.6-5,5 cm; apex acu-
minate, base cuneate; midrib slightly prominent to
impressed above, nerves fine, in 16-24 pairs. Pet*
iole dilatate tow r ard the base, without scars, ca.
0.5-1.2 cm long. Brachyblasts ca* 1 cm long.
Tepals 1 5, yellow, subsimilar; stamens ca, 90, 1.1-
1,5 cm long, connective appendage triangular, 1
2 nun long; gynoecium narrowly ovoid, ca, 1.2 em
long, exceeding beyond the androecium; gynophore
tomentellous, ca. 1 cm long, ovaries ovoid, densely
villous, 4 mm long; styles glabrous, ca. 2 mm long.

Distribution, Vietnam and China. In CHINA. Yun-
nan (Pingbian).

Note. There was no material of Michelia fia-
v (flora available. In Law's description, no dimen-
sions of the flow r ers were given, but we think it
represents a distinct species.

21. Michelia shiluensis Chun & Y. Wu, Acta
Phytotax. Sin. 8(4): 286. 1963. TYPK: Hainan
Exped. 90669 (IBSC not seen).

Volume 80, Number 4
1993

Chen & Nooteboom
Magnoliaceae of China

1089

Tree to 18 ni high and 30 cm diam.; bark gray;
twigs, leaves, and petiole glabrous; young twigs
slightly black, smooth; old ones dull gray to purple-
brown, somewhat rough, longitudinally striped and
lenticellate; terminal buds narrowly ellipsoid, or-
ange or gray sericeous, glabreseent, 10-12 x 4-
5 mm. Stipules pubescent, free from the petiole.
Leaves coriaceous, ± rigid, dark green above, pater
green beneath, obovate, obovate-oblong, 8- 14(-20)
x 4-7(-8) cm; apex acute, base attenuate to cu-
neate or broadly cuneate; midrib impressed above,
nerves in 8-12 pairs, reticulation densely netted,
both nerves and reticulation conspicuously visible
on both sides when dry. Petiole wide sulcate above,
1-3 cm long, without scars. Brachy blast ca, 1.7
cm long. Flowers white, cup-shaped; tepals 9, fleshy,
obovate, convex outside, 3-4.5 x 1,5-2.5 cm;
stamens 2-2.5 cm long, anthers 12-17 mm long,
filaments reddish; gynoecium pubescent, 1.4 -2.1
cm long; carpels many (ca. 25 or more), ovoid,
2.5-4 mm long; styles ca, 1.5 mm long. Fruiting
brachyblast with 2-3 bract scars. Fruits 4-5 cm
long, peduncles ca, 2-3 cm long; carpels usually
partly fertile; ripe carpels obovoid or obovoid -el-
lipsoid, 8-12 mm long, short-beaked at the apex.
Seeds broadly ellipsoid, ca. 8 X 6 mm.

Distribution. CHINA. Hainan (Dingfang, liaoting).

Ecology. In evergreen broad-leaved forests.
Altitude: 200-1,500 m. Flowering March- April;
fruiting June -August.

Uses. Wood straight-grained, even and fine-
textured, slightly heavy, with a characteristic odor
and durable; used for furniture, musical instru-
ments, and building; the tree is grown as an or-
namental.

Note* No collections could be consulted, hut
this is probably a good species. However, the orig-
inal description does not give enough key char-
acters.

31. Michelia xanthantha C. Y. W'u e\ Law &
Y. F. Wu, Acta Bot. Yunnanica 10(3): 338,
t. 4. 1988. TYPE: Sino-Ussr Exped. 7016
(KLIN not seen).

Tree to 30 m high and 1 m diam.; buds cylindric,
glabrous, ca. 1 .5 cm long; young twigs dark brown
to gray-yellow, ca. 4.5 cm diam,, sparsely lenti-
cellate. Stipules glabrous, free from the petiole.
Leaves thinly coriaceous, oblong to obovate-oblong,
15-17 x 6,2-7.5 cm; apex short-acuminate, base
cuneate to rounded; glabrous on both sides; midrib
slightly impressed above, prominent beneath; nerves
in 11-18 pairs, reticulation prominent on both

sides. Petiole without stipular scars, 2-2.5 cm long.
Brachyblast glabrous, ca. 1.5 cm long, Tepals 6,
yellow, fragrant, subsimilar, narrowly oblong or
narrowly obovate, 4-5.5 x 1-1,5 cm; stamens
2,3-2,5 cm, anthers 1 .8 2 cm long, filaments ca,
3 mm long, connective appendage short-triangular,
1-2 mm long; gynoecium cylindric, 1 .8-2 cm long;
gynophore 2-3 cm long; carpels many, ovate,
densely gray pubescent, 3-4 mm long; styles ca,
1 mm long. Fruit pendent, ca. 21 cm long; ripe
carpels dark gray -brown, sparsely lenticellate.

Distribution. CHINA. Yunnan (Xishuangbanna),

Ecology, In forests. Altitude: 1,350 m.

Note. We were not able to study the type
specimen of Michelia xanthantha. However, based
on the description this seems to be a good species.

MAGNOLIACEAE subfamily LIRIODEN-

DROIDEAE (Barkley) Law Yuh-wu, Acta
Phytotax. Sinica 22: 105. 1984, Lirioden-
draceae Barkley, Phytologia 32: 304. 1975,

Leaves 2-10(usually 4-6)-lobed, the apex trun-
cate or widely ernarginate; stipules always free from
the petiole* Anthers extrorse. Fruiting carpels
woody, indehiscent, samaroid, produced at the apex
into a long winglike beak, indehiscent, caducous.
Testa adherent to the endocarp.

One genus:

V. Liriodendron L., Sp. PI: 535, 1753. type
SPECIES: Liriodendron tulipifera L.

Tree, Leaves deciduous, Rowers terminal, soli-
tary, bisexual. Tepals 9 17, 3-merous, subequal.
The connective produced into a short appendage,
Gynoecium sessile. Carpels numerous, free, the
lowermost sterile. Ovules 2. Seeds 1-2 in each
carpel.

Distribution* Two species, southeastern Asia and
southeastern North America.

L Liriodendron chinense (Hemsley) Sarg.,
Trees & Shrubs 1: 103 t. 52. 1903. Lirio-
dendron tulipifera L. var.? chinense Hems-
ley, J, Linn. Soc, Bot. 23: 25* 1886. syntypks:
Shearer s.n, (1875), Maries s.n. (1877) not
seen.

Tree to 40 rn high, I m or more diam.; young
twigs 2-4 mm diam., gray, gray-brown, dull brown
to purple-brown, glaucescent, old ones dull purple
or gray-black, lenticellate. Stipules yellow to brown-
ish, glabrous, free from the petiole. Leaves mem-

1090

Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

branaceous to chartaceous, (3-)5.5- 1 2(- 1 8) x 3-
9.5(-23) cm; apex 2-lobed, with a pair of lateral
lobes near the base; glabrous on both sides, bright
green above, glaucescent to glaucous beneath; mid-
rib elevated beneath, nerves rather prominent be-
low, in 5-7 pairs. Petiole slender, glabrous, 2.5-
8 cm long. Peduncle glabrous, 8-9 x 3-4 mm;
bract single. Flower bud ovoid, 4,5-7 cm long;
flower cup-shaped; tepals 9, subsimilar, greenish
to yellowish, the outer 3 calycoid, glabrous, obovate
to obovate-elliptic, abruptly constricted near the
base and becoming short-clawed, 2,5-4,5 x 1.5-
2 cm, the inner tepals 6, erect, obovate, 3-4 cm
long, lengthwise yellow-striate outside; stamens 20-
22 mm long, connective appendage triangular,
short, filaments 6-8 mm long; gynoecium ovoid -
cylindric, ca. 7x6 mm, carpels yellow-green;
scars of perianth and stamens on torus ca. 3 x 5
mm. Fruiting peduncle 1-1.6 x 0,3-0.5 cm. Fruit
ovoid, 4*5-9 x 2 cm, ripe carpels samaroid mil-
lets, 2-3 x 0.4-0,6 mm.

Distribution, CHINA. Anhui: Huangshan, Bai
Zhang Tan, Deng & Yao 79147. Zhejiang: Hangchow,
Chiao C.Y. herb, no, 18844. Cuangxi: Guanyang, Chen
Z.Z. 52523; Xingan Xian, Yu S.L, 900086, Guizhou:
Libo, Huang D,F> 1623; Fanchingshan, Chen J.C. 745.
Hunan: Dao Xian, Yu S.L. 61528, Hubei: Chienshih
Hsien, Chow H.C. 1094. Jiangsu, Nanjing: Chang
H.T. 5396, Jiangxi: Lushan, Chang fLT. 5309; Ruling,
Chiao C.Y. herb. no. 18560. Sichuan: Hsiu-shan-hsien,
Tu & Sun 4070, Yunnan: Sichour Hsien, Shiangpyng-
shan, Feng K.M. 11441 \ Kunming, Chang H.T> 5094.
Also in southern Shaanxi and cultivated in Taiwan and
North Vietnam.

Ecology. In mixed forests* growing particu-
larly well on sandstone, granite, and sandshale for-
mations. Altitude: 500-1,700 m. Flowering May;
fruiting September-October.

Uses. Wood reddish brown, fine-lextured and
straight-grained, used for furniture; bark for me-
dicinal purposes; because of the shape of leaves,
this is an especially ornamental tree.

Collector's notes. Tree, growing along sandy
or rocky slopes, sometimes by roadsides and
streams; bark pale gray; stipules tinged red at apex;
flowers yellowish; fruits green when young, brown
later.

Note. Finet & Gagnepain (1905) treated this
species as Liriodendron tulipijera L.

2. Liriodendron lulipifera L., Sp. PL 1: 535.

1753 [Tulipifera virginiana Hermann, Hort.
Ludg.-Bat. Cat.: 612, t. 613. 1687]. Lirio-
dendron procerum Salisb., Prodr. Stirp. Chap.
Allerton: 379. 1796. Liriodendron trunca-
tifolium Stokes, Bot. Mat. Med. 3: 233. 1812.
TYPE: t, 613 (P. Hermann, 1687).

Tree to 60 m high, 3.5 m diam.; bark deep
longitudinally fissured; brown to purple, often pru-
mose. Leaves ca. 7-12 cm long; apex 2-lobed,
with 2-3 lateral lobes, minutely white hairy when
young, soon glabrous beneath. Petiole ca. 5-10
cm long. Flowers cup-shaped, tepals 9, outer tepals
3, green, calycoid, patent, inner tepals 6, green-
yellow, erect, ovate, ca. 4-6 cm long, inside with
orange nectaries below the middle; anthers ca, 1 ,5-
2.5 cm long, filaments ca. 1-1.5 cm long; gynoe-
cium yellow-green. Fruits ca. 7 cm long, nutlet
samaroid, pale brown, ca. 5 mm long, apex pointed,
the nutlets of the lower parts usually persistent.

Distribution. Native of northern America (in south-
ern Ontario and the eastern and southeastern United
States); cultivated in Kunming, Lushan, Nanjiang, and
Qingdao,

Ecology. Flowering May; fruiting Septem-
ber-October,

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List 1. List of taxa and keys in the order in which they appear in the text. Numbering system corresponds to
that in the text.

Magnoliaceae

KEY TO THE GENERA OF MAGNOLIACEAE
MAGNOLIACEAE Subfamily MACNOLIOIDEAE
Tribe Magnolieae
Tribe Mirhelieae
Triln* Mugnolieae
L Magnolia
KEY TO THE SUBGENERA AND SECTIONS OF MAGNOLIA

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MAGNOLIA primarily based on floral characters
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MAGNOLIA primarily based on fruit characters
a. Magnolia subg. Magnolia

1. Magnolia sect. Gwillimia

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MAGNOLIA SECTION GWILLIMIA

1. Magnolia albosericea Chun & C. H. Tsoong.

2. Magnolia championii Benth.

3. Magnolia coco (Lour.) DC.

4. Magnolia delavayi Franch.

5. Magnolia henryi Dunn.

6. Magnolia phanerophlebia B. L. Chen

2. Magnolia sect, Rytidosperimiin

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MAGNOLIA SECTION RYTIDOSPERMUM

7. Magnolia hypoleuca Siebold & Zucc.

8. Magnolia officinalis Render & E. II. Wilson.

9. Magnolia rostrata W. W. Smith.

3. Magnolia sect. Oyama

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MAGNOLIA SECTION OYAMA

10. Magnolia globosa Hook, f. & Thomson.

11. Magnolia sieboldii K. Koch.

12. Magnolia sinensis (Rehder & E. H. Wilson) Stapf.

13. Magnolia wilsonii (Finet. & Gagnep.) Rehder.
4* Magnolia sect. Gynopodiuni

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MAGNOLIA SECTION GYNOPODIUM

14. Magnolia kachirachirai (Kanehira & Yamamoto) Dandy.

15. Magnolia nitida W. W. Smith.

Volume 80, Number 4 Chen & Nooteboom 1 097

1993 Magnoliaceae of China

a. Magnolia nitida var* nitida

b. Magnolia nitida var. lotungensis (Chun & C, T. Tsoong) B* L. Chen & Noot., stat* nov.

c. Magnolia nitida var. robusta B. L* Chen & Noot, var. nov.
16* Magnolia omeiensis (Cheng) Dandy.

5. Magnolia sect. Alcimandra

17. Magnolia cathcartii (Hook. f. & Thomson) Noot

b. Magnolia subg. Yulania

1. Magnolia sect* Yulania

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MAGNOLIA SECTION YULANIA

18. Magnolia amoena Cheng,

19. Magnolia campbellii Hook. f. & Thomson.

20. Magnolia dawsoniana Rehder & E. II . Wilson*

21. Magnolia heptapeta (Buc'hoz) Dandy.

22. Magnolia sargentiana Rehder & E. H* Wilson.

23. Magnolia sprengeri Pamp.

24. Magnolia zenii Cheng.

2. Magnolia sect* Buergeria

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MAGNOLIA SECTION BUERGERIA

25. Magnolia biondii Pamp*

26. Magnolia cylindrica E. H. Wilson.

27. Magnolia kobus DC*

28. Magnolia stellata (Siebold & Zucc) Maxim.

3. Magnolia sect. Tulipastrum

29. Magnolia quinquepeta (Buc'hoz) Dandy.

c. Magnolia subg. Talauma
1. sect* Blumiana

30. Magnolia candollii (Blume) H. Keng var. obovata (Korth.)
HYBRIDS AND CULTIVATED SPECIES NOT NATIVE TO CHINA

31. Magnolia xsouiangiana Soulange ex Thieb. sect* Theorodon Spach (of subg. Magnolia)
32* Magnolia grandiflora L.

DUBIOUS SPECIES
II* Manglietia

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MANGLIETIA primarily based on floral characters
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MANGLIETIA primarily based on fruit characters

1, Manglietia Section Manglietia

1. Manglietia aromatica Dandy,

2. Manglietia conifera Dandy,

3. Manglietia dandyi (Gagnep.) Dandy.
4* Manglietia duclouxii Finet & Gagnep.

5. Manglietia fordiana Oliver.

5a. Manglietia fordiana Oliver var, fordiana

5b. Manglietia fordiana Oliver var* calcarea (X* H* Song) B* L. Chen & Noot. stat. nov.

5c. Manglietia fordiana Oliver var. for rest ii (W. W, Smith ex Dandy) B* L* Chen & Noot.

stat. nov*
5d. Manglietia fordiana Oliver var. kwangtungensis (Merr,) B. L. Chen & Noot. stat* nov.

6. Manglietia garrettii Craib*

7. Manglietia glauca Blume var. sumatrana (Miq,) Dandy.

8. Manglietia grandis Hu & Cheng.

9. Manglietia hooker i Cubitt & W. W* Smith.

10. Manglietia insignis (WalL) Blume

11. Manglietia lucida B* L* Chen & S. C. Yang.

12. Manglietia megaphylla Hu & Cheng.
13* Manglietia microtricha Law.

14* Manglietia rnoto Dandy.

15. Manglietia pachyphylla Chang,

16. Manglietia szechuanica Hu,

17. Manglietia ventii Tiep.

2. Section Manglietiastrum

18. Manglietia sinica (Law) B. L. Chen & Noot, comb, nov*

III. Kmeria

1. Kmeria septentrionalis Dandy.
Tribe Michelieae

IV. Michelia

KEY TO THE SECTIONS OF MICHELIA

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MICHELIA primarily based on floral characters
KEY TO THE SPECIES OF MICHELIA primarily based on fruit characters
1. Michelia Section Michelia

1098 Annals of the

Missouri Botanical Garden

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SECTION MICHEUA

L Michelia aenea Dandy.

2, Michelia cavaleriei Finet & Gagnep,

3. Michelia champaca L.

4. Michelia compressa (Maxim.) Sarg,

5, Michelia coriacea Chang & B. L. Chen,

6. Michelia doltsopa Buch.-Ham, ex DC.

7. Michelia elliptilimba B. L. Chen & Noot, sp. nov,

8, Michelia fiaviflora Law. & Y. F. Wu.

9, Michelia floribunda Finet & Gagnep.

10. Michelia foveolata Merr. ex Dandy.

11. Michelia fujianensis Q, F, Zheng.

12. Michelia fulva Chang & B. L. Chen.

13. Michelia ingrata B. L. Chen & S. C. Yang.

14. Michelia kisopa Buch.-IIam. ex DC*

15. Michelia lacei W. W. Smith.

16. Michelia macclurei Dandy.

17. Michelia masticata Dandy.

18. Michelia maudiae Dunn.

19. Michelia mediocris Dandy.

20. Michelia microtricha Hand,-Mazz.

21. Michelia shiluensis Chun & Y. Wu.

22. Michelia velutina DC,

23. Michelia wilsonii Finet & Gagnep,

24. Michelia *alba DC>

2. Michelia Section Anisochlamys

25. Michelia hypolampra Dandy.

3. Michelia Section Dichlamys

KEY TO THE SPECIES OF SECTION DICHLAMYS

26. Michelia angustioblongu Law.

27. Michelia balansae (A. DC) Dandy.

28. Michelia chapensis Dandy.

29. Michelia leveilleana Dandy.

30. Michelia niartinii (H. Lev.) Finet & Gagnep. ex H. Lev.

31. Michelia xanthantha C, Y. Wu ex Law & Y. F. Wu,

4. Michelia Section Micheliopsis

32. Michelia figo (Lour.) Sprengel.
32a. Michelia figo var. figo

32b. Michelia figo var. crassipes (Law) B, L, Chen & Moot., stat. nov.

33. Michelia yunnanensis Franc bet.

5. Michelia Section Tsoongiodendron

34. Michelia odora (Chun) Noot. & B, L, Chen,, stat. nov.
6- Section Paraniichelia

35. Michelia baillonii (Pierre) Finet & Gagnep.

DUBIOUS SPECIES

MAGNOLIACEAE Subfamily LIRIODENDROIDEAE
V. Liriodendron

1, Liriodendron chinense (Hemsley) Sarg.

2, Liriodendron tulipifera L.

LIST 2. List of species showing numbering system 6. M. conifera Dandy
used in the Collections Examined list that follows. 7, M, dandy i (Gagnep.) Dandy

S. M, ductouxii Finet & Gagnep,

Kmekia ^' ^" ^ ormana Oliver var. fordiana

9a. M. fordiana var. calcarea (X. H. Song) B. L.

1. K. septentrionalis Dandy Chen & Noot.

2. K. duperreana (Pierre) Dandy 9b. M, fordiana var. forrestii (W, W, Smith ex

Dandy) B, L. Chen & Noot.
LIRIODENDRON 9c\ M. fordiana var. kwangtungensis (Dandy) B. L.

3. L. chinense (Hemsley) Sarg. 7nM Che" & IW.

4. L. tulipifera L \°- JJ- ^ rrett » Cra,b ,„. , „ J

II. M. glauca var, sumatrana (Miq.) Dandy

MaNCL|ET|a 12. M. grandis Hu & Cheng

13. M, hooken Cubitt & W. W. Smith

5. M. aromatica Dandy 14. M. insignia (Wall.) Blume